Hydrothermal synthesis of ZnO quantum dot/KNb₃O₈ nanosheet photocatalysts for reducing carbon dioxide to methanol

• Xiao Shao,
• Weiyue Xin and
• Xiaohong Yin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2264–2270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.226

• ]. KNb3O8, a well-known layered niobate, has an orthorhombic crystal structure that consists of negatively charged sheets and is linked by NbO6 octahedral units and K+ ions between the sheets [14]. Its unique microstructure has aroused researchers' interest. Traditionally, KNb3O8 was synthesized by a solid

• -state reaction or alkoxide methods at more than 800 °C [15][16][17], which make the particle size uncontrollable. It is well-known that the morphology, size and crystal structure of the photocatalyst are crucial properties to control its photocatalytic activity [18]. Francesco and his team [19

• heated to 200 °C and kept for 48 h, where the precipitate was collected by centrifuging the mixture, then washed with ethanol and deionized water three times, and finally dried at 65 °C for 12 h for further characterization. Catalyst characterization The crystal structure of the synthesized materials

The interplay between spin densities and magnetic superexchange interactions: case studies of mono- and trinuclear bis(oxamato)-type complexes

• Azar Aliabadi,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Vladislav Kataev and
• Tobias Rüffer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2245–2256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.224

• -crystallization of a mixture of two different Cu(II) (2, 4) and two different Ni(II) containing complexes (1, 3). Middle: Single crystals of diamagnetically diluted 4@3 (left) and 2@1 (right). Reproduced with permission from [44], copyright 2013 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Bottom: Cut-off of the crystal

• structure of 1, displaying the orientation of the complex fragments with respect to the (101) plane. Color code: Cu (blue), O (red), N (green), C (light grey), H (white), cell truncate (purple) and (101) plane (grey). Experimental (E) and simulated (S) X-band ESR spectra of 4@3 at 90° orientation (B0

Substrate and Mg doping effects in GaAs nanowires

• Perumal Kannappan,
• Nabiha Ben Sedrine,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Maria R. Soares,
• Bruno P. Falcão,
• Maria R. Correia,
• Nestor Cifuentes,
• Emilson R. Viana,
• Marcus V. B. Moreira,
• Geraldo M. Ribeiro,
• Alfredo G. de Oliveira,
• Juan C. González and
• Joaquim P. Leitão

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2126–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.212

• cells (1.519 eV for GaAs bulk at low temperature). Additionally, Ga is more abundant and less toxic than other elements (e.g., In and Cd, respectively) involved in other compounds commonly used in thin film-based solar cells like Cu(In,Ga)Se2 and CdTe. Bulk GaAs exhibits the zincblende (ZB) crystal

• structure, but when scaled down to the nanowire form, the occurrence of the wurtzite (WZ) crystalline phase is more prevalent due to a high surface-to-volume ratio and a low surface energy [10][11][12]. The WZ phase is more favorable for nanowires with small diameters, whereas for larger diameters, the ZB

Synthesis and functionalization of NaGdF₄:Yb,Er@NaGdF₄ core–shell nanoparticles for possible application as multimodal contrast agents

• Dovile Baziulyte-Paulaviciene,
• Vitalijus Karabanovas,
• Marius Stasys,
• Greta Jarockyte,
• Vilius Poderys,
• Simas Sakirzanovas and
• Ricardas Rotomskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1815–1824, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.183

• ) spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), photoluminescence (PL) spectra and magnetic resonance (MR) T1 relaxation measurements were used to characterize the size, crystal structure, optical and magnetic properties of the core and core–shell nanoparticles. Moreover

α-Silicene as oxidation-resistant ultra-thin coating material

• Ali Kandemir,
• Fadil Iyikanat,
• Cihan Bacaksiz and
• Hasan Sahin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1808–1814, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.182

• Computational methodology To obtain the preferable crystal structure of α-silicene on Ag(111), four-layer Ag(111) composed of two fixed bottom layers and two free upper layers, was prepared as supercell structure with dimensions of 4 × 4 × 1. Thus, the surface of silver successfully simulated with and without

Non-intuitive clustering of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone on Au(111)

• Ryan D. Brown,
• Rebecca C. Quardokus,
• Natalie A. Wasio,
• Jacob P. Petersen,
• Angela M. Silski,
• Steven A. Corcelli and
• S. Alex Kandel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1801–1807, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.181

• polymorphs of the bulk crystal structure [21]. Additionally, the asymmetry of the phenanthrene ring should allow for the determination of the molecular orientation during scanning tunneling microscopy experiments. This molecule has been studied in the past for its role in surface passivation of semiconductor

• . When comparing the two ordered features of this surface, it is useful to consider the only reported crystal structure of 9-fluorenone. The bulk crystal structure is comprised of 9-fluorenone dimers, slightly offset and oriented 180° apart so that the carbonyls face the hydrogen atoms at the 1- or 8

• consistent with the 9-fluorenone molecules in the linear rows and disordered regions, and the close-packed regions have a similar orientation to those in the crystal structure. However, the spatial periodicity between these bi-lobed features is approximately 6.6 Å, which is roughly 90% of the spacing between

Synthesis and catalytic application of magnetic Co–Cu nanowires

• Lijuan Sun,
• Xiaoyu Li,
• Zhiqiang Xu,
• Kenan Xie and
• Li Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1769–1773, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.178

• volume of hydrogen was monitored by a eudiometer. The morphology and crystal structure of the products were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Hitachi S4800), transmission electron microscopy (TEM, FEI Tecnai G20 S-TWIN) and X-ray diffraction (XRD, Rigaku D/max 2200pc, Cu Kα, step size 4

Formation of ferromagnetic molecular thin films from blends by annealing

• Peter Robaschik,
• Ye Ma,
• Salahud Din and
• Sandrine Heutz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1469–1475, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.146

• microscope using a 100× objective. The crystal structure was studied by using a Panalytical X’Pert PRO MPD X-Ray diffractometer (Ni filtered Cu Kα radiation at 40 kV and 40 mA) operated in the θ–2θ mode. The background was subtracted using the Sonneveld method [35]. The composition of the films was

Deposition of exchange-coupled dinickel complexes on gold substrates utilizing ambidentate mercapto-carboxylato ligands

• Martin Börner,
• Laura Blömer,
• Marcus Kischel,
• Peter Richter,
• Georgeta Salvan,
• Dietrich R. T. Zahn,
• Pablo F. Siles,
• Maria E. N. Fuentes,
• Carlos C. B. Bufon,
• Daniel Grimm,
• Oliver G. Schmidt,
• Daniel Breite,
• Bernd Abel and
• Berthold Kersting

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1375–1387, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.139

• ). The crystal structure, reactivity features, and magnetic properties of compounds 6–8 are presented along with the results stemming from characterization of the surface assemblies by contact angle measurements, spectroscopic ellipsometry, AFM and transport measurements. To our knowledge, polynuclear

• . Description of the crystal structure of 6 and 7 Attempts to grow single crystals of 6–8 met with little success. Only preliminary X-ray crystallographic data for the complexes 6 and 7 can be presented. Although the quality of the structure determination is low and insufficient for publication, these data can

• ’)]+ molecules covalently bound to the Au surface. Surface binding model On the basis of the crystal structure of complex 7 and the AFM and ellipsometry measurements above, one can propose a specific orientation on the gold surface, as sketched in Figure 6. Note that the coligands in the complexes 2, 3, and 8

Two-dimensional silicon and carbon monochalcogenides with the structure of phosphorene

• Dario Rocca,
• Ali Abboud,
• Ganapathy Vaitheeswaran and
• Sébastien Lebègue

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1338–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.135

• experimentally [17][18]. Also, arsenene and antimonene [19], SiS [20], and SnS, SnSe, GeS, and GeSe [21][22] compounds with a crystal structure similar to the one of phosphorene were investigated by ab initio calculations. The reliability of ab initio calculations to predict and characterize new two dimensional

• initio methods, we discuss the properties of a number of compounds that can be obtained by chemical replacement in the crystal structure of phosphorene: CS, CSe, CTe, SiO, SiS, SiSe, and SiTe. Differently from phosphorene, no layered bulk structure is known for these compounds. In a recent study Kamal et

Fabrication of hierarchically porous TiO₂ nanofibers by microemulsion electrospinning and their application as anode material for lithium-ion batteries

• Jin Zhang,
• Yibing Cai,
• Xuebin Hou,
• Xiaofei Song,
• Pengfei Lv,
• Huimin Zhou and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1297–1306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.131

• polymorphs of TiO2, the anatase polymorph possesses an open crystal structure resulting from the stacking of zigzag units, which would benefit the intercalation/deintercalation of Li+ ions. Figure 4 displays the surface SEM images of sample A1 (a), sample B1 (c), and sample C1 (e) as well as cross-sectional

Characterization of ferrite nanoparticles for preparation of biocomposites

• Urszula Klekotka,
• Magdalena Rogowska,
• Dariusz Satuła and
• Beata Kalska-Szostko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1257–1265, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.127

• compositions are collected. X-ray diffraction (XRD) All resultant ferrite nanoparticles were measured by X-ray diffraction to see if any changes appear in the crystal structure of the nanoparticles after composition modification. The obtained diffractograms are presented in Figure 3. From a previous work [17

• ], it was expected that the crystal structure of magnetite/maghemite would remain unchanged and the Me ions would relocate rather randomly in the Fe crystallographic positions. There are no traces of any crystalline separation which would be observed as extra diffraction peaks. Therefore, it is

• grid covered with an amorphous carbon film to provide good support for the particles. Energy dispersive X-ray spectra (EDX) were collected during the TEM measurements. The analysis of the crystal structure was done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) on an Agilent Technologies SuperNova diffractometer with a Mo

Growth, structure and stability of sputter-deposited MoS₂ thin films

• Reinhard Kaindl,
• Bernhard C. Bayer,
• Roland Resel,
• Thomas Müller,
• Viera Skakalova,
• Gerlinde Habler,
• Rainer Abart,
• Alexey S. Cherevan,
• Dominik Eder,
• Maxime Blatter,
• Fabian Fischer,
• Jannik C. Meyer,
• Dmitry K. Polyushkin and
• Wolfgang Waldhauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1115–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.113

• the range of several hundred eV. Fitting of the experimental data also revealed smaller electron and transferred mass densities in comparison to the known crystal structure of MoS2. The mass density (ρMoS2) of the MoS2 layer was estimated to ≈4.3 and ≈3–3.9 g·cm−3 for films deposited at RT and 400 °C

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• reaction temperature on the secondary structure, morphology, and crystal structure of the obtained products was also studied. Results and Discussion The phase identification of the synthesized samples was performed using powder X-ray diffraction. All diffraction patterns correspond to the tetragonal phase

Needs and challenges for assessing the environmental impacts of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs)

• Michelle Romero-Franco,
• Hilary A. Godwin,
• Muhammad Bilal and
• Yoram Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 989–1014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.101

• composition, surface coating, molecular structure, crystal structure, physical, form/shape, particle size, size distribution and surface area, agglomeration state, particle density, ENM bulk density, porosity, dispersibility, solubility in water and biologically relevant fluids, surface charge, and surface

Recombinant DNA technology and click chemistry: a powerful combination for generating a hybrid elastin-like-statherin hydrogel to control calcium phosphate mineralization

• Mohamed Hamed Misbah,
• Mercedes Santos,
• Luis Quintanilla,
• Christina Günter,
• Matilde Alonso,
• Andreas Taubert and
• José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 772–783, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.80

• in (composite) materials for bone regeneration [2][8]. Due to the correlation between the (crystal) structure and properties of CP, it is important to be able to control its nanostructures [9][10][11]. For example, hollow and mesoporous CP particles can be used for drug delivery due to their high

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

Formation and shape-control of hierarchical cobalt nanostructures using quaternary ammonium salts in aqueous media

• Ruchi Deshmukh,
• Anurag Mehra and
• Rochish Thaokar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 494–505, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.53

• TMAH. This is marked as “zero time” in the growth curve. The difference in lattice orientation across the particle–particle boundary (Figure 3b) results in a three-fold twinned structure [31] having a lattice spacing of 0.22 nm. A un-twinned crystal structure is shown in (Figure 3c). Additional

• aggregate by magnetic interaction (ferromagnetic) by oriented attachment resulting in nanorods. The FEGSEM images (Figure 5c) show a persistent tendency of nanorods to interlock while a few isolated nanorods can also be seen. In the following we explain the crystal structure and the effect of different

• parameters on the morphology of the nanoplates. Crystal structure The crystal structure of nanoplates and nanorods was determined by high-resolution micrographs (FEGTEM) and powder XRD methods. Figure 6a shows an FEGTEM micrograph of a group of interlocked nanoplates, captured after 120 min. The selected

Nanoscale isoindigo-carriers: self-assembly and tunable properties

• Tatiana N. Pashirova,
• Andrei V. Bogdanov,
• Lenar I. Musin,
• Julia K. Voronina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Vladimir F. Mironov,
• Lucia Ya. Zakharova,
• Shamil K. Latypov and
• Oleg G. Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.34

• pentagons based on the XRD data for isoindigo derivatives available in the Cambridge Structural Database. As seen in Figure S8 (Supporting Information File 1), the surface of the oxindole fragment of isoindigo derivatives, for which the crystal structure is currently known is in the range of 0.84–0.87 nm2

Functionalized TiO₂ nanoparticles by single-step hydrothermal synthesis: the role of the silane coupling agents

• Antoine R. M. Dalod,
• Lars Henriksen,
• Tor Grande and
• Mari-Ann Einarsrud

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 304–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.33

• and PMMA. Here, we report on a novel and versatile in situ aqueous hydrothermal synthesis route to surface-functionalized TiO2 nanoparticles using selected silane coupling agents. The nanoparticles were characterized with respect to crystal structure, size, size distribution, specific surface area

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• , more recently, energy harvesting devices [8][9][10][11][12]. ZnO crystallizes in the wurtzite hexagonal crystal structure. Its [001] and [00−1] faces are polar, since they are terminated with Zn2+ or O2− ions, respectively. The presence of these polar lattice planes in addition to the non

Photocatalysis applications of some hybrid polymeric composites incorporating TiO₂ nanoparticles and their combinations with SiO₂/Fe₂O₃

• Andreea Laura Chibac,
• Tinca Buruiana,
• Violeta Melinte and
• Emil C. Buruiana

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 272–286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.30

• ), (004), (200), (105), (211), (204), and (215) planes, respectively, confirming the formation of nanocrystalline anatase. This characteristic is essential from the point of view of application since the crystal structure of TiO2 significantly affects the photocatalytic activity [47]. The average

Flexible photonic crystal membranes with nanoparticle high refractive index layers

• Torben Karrock,
• Moritz Paulsen and
• Martina Gerken

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 203–209, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.22

• is clamped into a sample holder that allows for adjusting the strain to up to 20% in the direction perpendicular to the grating lines. Below the stretching setup another polarization filter is set to 90° to the first filter’s polarization direction. Thus, only light interacting with the crystal

• structure passes the polarization setup [20]. The light is then captured by the lens and directed from the microscope either to a spectrometer or a camera. Spectral information and photographs are recorded for all samples and all strain states. A 60 µm thick polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane with a 400

Controlled supramolecular structure of guanosine monophosphate in the interlayer space of layered double hydroxide

• Gyeong-Hyeon Gwak,
• Istvan Kocsis,
• Yves-Marie Legrand,
• Mihail Barboiu and
• Jae-Min Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1928–1935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.184

• (UV–vis; Shimadzu UV-1800, Shimadzu Corporation, Kyoto, Japan) at λmax = 253 nm. In order to identify the crystal structure of pristine LDH and to evaluate the lattice expansion of LDH along the c-axis upon GMP intercalation, X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD) were obtained with a Bruker D2 instrument

Precise in situ etch depth control of multilayered III−V semiconductor samples with reflectance anisotropy spectroscopy (RAS) equipment

• Ann-Kathrin Kleinschmidt,
• Lars Barzen,
• Johannes Strassner,
• Christoph Doering,
• Henning Fouckhardt,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Michael Wahl and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1783–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.171

• -etch monitoring. Results and Discussion Experimental details Most of the III–V semiconductors under normal conditions feature optically isotropic bulk material due to their cubic crystal structure and consequently should not generate a RAS signal under normal incidence [1]. Nevertheless, optical