Study of the vertically aligned in-plane switching liquid crystal mode in microscale periodic electric fields

• Artur R. Geivandov,
• Mikhail I. Barnik,
• Irina V. Kasyanova and
• Serguei P. Palto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 11–19, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.2

• switching process. The contrast ratio of the VA-IPS mode is limited by the contrast ratio of the polarizers and exceeds 500:1. The reasons for this high contrast ratio are the zero LC tilt angle with respect to the layer normal and the deep dark field-off state. One of the LC cell parameters important for

Direct writing of gold nanostructures with an electron beam: On the way to pure nanostructures by combining optimized deposition with oxygen-plasma treatment

• Domagoj Belić,
• Mostafa M. Shawrav,
• Emmerich Bertagnolli and
• Heinz D. Wanzenboeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2530–2543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.253

• ). Once the deposition rate was optimized and the samples were produced, high-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) revealed that the crystallites in the planar deposits were considerably larger than those in NPs (compare Figure 1f to Figure 1c). Although both

Involvement of two uptake mechanisms of gold and iron oxide nanoparticles in a co-exposure scenario using mouse macrophages

• Dimitri Vanhecke,
• Dagmar A. Kuhn,
• Dorleta Jimenez de Aberasturi,
• Sandor Balog,
• Ana Milosevic,
• Dominic Urban,
• Diana Peckys,
• Niels de Jonge,
• Wolfgang J. Parak,
• Alke Petri-Fink and
• Barbara Rothen-Rutishauser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2396–2409, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.239

• macrophages 5 min after NP exposure. Both species of NPs appear much brighter than the cellular material in the dark-field transmitted signal. Top: AuNPs in single exposure in (a) overview and at (b) high resolution. Middle: FeOXNPs in single exposure in (c) overview and at (d) high resolution. Bottom: Co

A biofunctionalizable ink platform composed of catechol-modified chitosan and reduced graphene oxide/platinum nanocomposite

• Peter Sobolewski,
• Agata Goszczyńska,
• Małgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Karolina Urbaś,
• Joanna Derkowska,
• Agnieszka Bartoszewska,
• Jacek Podolski,
• Ewa Mijowska and
• Mirosława El Fray

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1508–1514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.151

• naked eye or under bright-field microscopy. As a result, in order to examine the printed structures and check for possible “coffee ring” formation, we utilized dark-field microscopy. We observed homogenous stripes, consistent with the design and tip dimensions. Figure 2 shows a representative dark-field

• work of Torrisi et al. with NMP [12], in order to avoid “coffee ring” formation, EG, which has a similar boiling point as NMP, was removed by thermal annealing in an oven at 170 °C for 5 min. Printed patterns were imaged using dark field microscopy (Nikon MM-40). Biofunctionalization of printed

• dispersion, B) sediment rGO–Pt. The scale bars represent 50 nm. C) Histogram of Pt particles observed in panel A (blue) and panel B (green) (bin width = 2). A) Representative dark-field image of pattern printed using rGO–Pt ink. B) Enlarged detail of the “elbow” portion of a printed pattern, showing some

Atomic structure of Mg-based metallic glass investigated with neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo modeling and electron microscopy

• Rafał Babilas,
• Dariusz Łukowiec and
• Laszlo Temleitner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1174–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.119

• electron diffraction (SAED) pattern and details of the selected areas 1, 2, 3 (c,d,e) of a Mg65Cu20Y10Ni5 metallic glass after annealing at 473 K for 1 h. TEM images in (a) bright field and (b) dark field mode of a Mg65Cu20Y10Ni5 metallic glass sample after annealing at 473 K for 1 h. (a) HAADF-STEM image

AgCl-doped CdSe quantum dots with near-IR photoluminescence

• Pavel A. Kotin,
• Sergey S. Bubenov,
• Natalia E. Mordvinova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1156–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.117

• investigate the location of Ag and Cl in NPs, element distribution maps with the use of energy dispersion X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy were obtained (Figure 5). Figure 5a shows a high angle annular dark field (HAADF) image of sample AgCl_32, which was obtained with the use of scanning transmission electron

• and 300 kV, respectively. The latter has 0.17 nm point resolution and is equipped with an EDAX EDX detector. High-angle annular dark field (HAADF) STEM studies and EDX mapping were performed using an JEM ARM200F cold FEG double aberration-corrected electron microscope operated at 80 kV and equipped

Structural properties and thermal stability of cobalt- and chromium-doped α-MnO₂ nanorods

• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Polona Umek,
• Alexandre Gloter,
• Jana Padežnik Gomilšek and
• Peter Bukovec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1032–1042, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.104

• ). The sulfur detected in the samples is originating from the sulfuric acid that was a part of the reaction mixture [26]. The chemical composition of an individual nanorod (Co-90) was determined using electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in combination with high-angle annular dark field scanning

• the material under X-ray irradiation. The IFEFFIT program package [33] was used for the XANES (X-ray absorption near edge structure) and EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) analysis. High-angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) images were acquired

3D Nanoprinting via laser-assisted electron beam induced deposition: growth kinetics, enhanced purity, and electrical resistivity

• Brett B. Lewis,
• Robert Winkler,
• Xiahan Sang,
• Pushpa R. Pudasaini,
• Michael G. Stanford,
• Harald Plank,
• Raymond R. Unocic,
• Jason D. Fowlkes and
• Philip D. Rack

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 801–812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.83

• spectroscopy (EELS) were performed using a Nion UltraSTEM 100 which is equipped with aberration correction of the probe forming lens. Beam-induced damage and contamination were minimized by using an accelerating voltage of 60 kV and a 40 pA beam current. High angle annular dark field (HAADF) and bright field

Ion beam profiling from the interaction with a freestanding 2D layer

• Ivan Shorubalko,
• Kyoungjun Choi,
• Michael Stiefel and
• Hyung Gyu Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 682–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.73

• : squares for 1.5 pA and circles for 18 pA beam current. STEM dark field (DF) images of a pore array created with 18 pA beam current are shown in the inset of Figure 1d. The pore diameter vs ion exposure dose curves have very distinct shape Figure 1d. Pore diameters steeply increase for the low exposure

• Pa helium pressure in the gun chamber, and a “spot” parameter between 1.8 and 2.5. SEM in the DualBeam device was used in STEM bright-field and dark-field mode (BF and DF) at 30 kV and 50 pA probe current for perforated graphene imaging. HIM at 30 kV, 0.5 pA beam current, 1 μs dwell time and 8–32

Self-assembly of silicon nanowires studied by advanced transmission electron microscopy

• Marta Agati,
• Guillaume Amiard,
• Vincent Le Borgne,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Richard Dolbec,
• Maurizio De Crescenzi,
• My Alì El Khakani and
• Simona Boninelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 440–445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.47

• bright field (BF) and dark field (DF) imaging are dominated by diffraction contrast. Thus in crystalline samples, the contrast changes abruptly as long as the beam axis intercepts the different crystalline zone axes. More recently, this issue has been overcome whereas the improvement of high angular

• annular dark field (HAADF) in STEM associated with ET has been confirmed as the most appropriate mode to image crystals, since it meets the projection requirement, associating the contrast to the atomic number [6]. By combining the HAADF and ET techniques along with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX

Role of oxygen in wetting of copper nanoparticles on silicon surfaces at elevated temperature

• Tapas Ghosh and
• Biswarup Satpati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 425–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.45

• the high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM-HAADF). After the TEM analysis, the same samples were transferred to a rapid thermal annealing unit (model: JETFIRST100 jipelec) and annealing was performed in air, oxygen and nitrogen atmospheres, one by one. The rapid

Influence of hydrofluoric acid treatment on electroless deposition of Au clusters

• Rachela G. Milazzo,
• Antonio M. Mio,
• Giuseppe D’Arrigo,
• Emanuele Smecca,
• Alessandra Alberti,
• Gabriele Fisichella,
• Filippo Giannazzo,
• Corrado Spinella and
• Emanuele Rimini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 183–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.19

• plating solution. The morphology of gold was examined with plan view TEM and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) in high-angle annular dark-field imaging (HAADF) Z-contrast (atomic number) imaging mode, while the crystalline structure was analyzed in detail with X-ray diffraction. Figure 4a

Ferromagnetic behaviour of ZnO: the role of grain boundaries

• Boris B. Straumal,
• Svetlana G. Protasova,
• Andrei A. Mazilkin,
• Eberhard Goering,
• Gisela Schütz,
• Petr B. Straumal and
• Brigitte Baretzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1936–1947, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.185

• [6][7][8][9], copyright Institute of Problems of Mechanical Engineering, Russian Academy of Sciences (PME RAS, "Advanced Study Center" Co. Ltd), American Physical Society and Taylor & Francis. Dark-field TEM micrograph of a thin zinc oxide nanocrystalline film obtained using the liquid-ceramics

Thickness-modulated tungsten–carbon superconducting nanostructures grown by focused ion beam induced deposition for vortex pinning up to high magnetic fields

• Ismael García Serrano,
• Javier Sesé,
• Isabel Guillamón,
• Hermann Suderow,
• Sebastián Vieira,
• Manuel Ricardo Ibarra and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1698–1708, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.162

• scanned inside the nanostructure and parallel to the sample surface, as shown in Figure 3. The total collected high-angle annular-dark-field (HAADF) intensity, which is higher when heavier elements are present, is periodic, indicating a periodic slight variation of the composition. This is expected due to

Influence of hydrothermal synthesis parameters on the properties of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles

• Sylwia Kuśnieruk,
• Jacek Wojnarowicz,
• Agnieszka Chodara,
• Tadeusz Chudoba,
• Stanislaw Gierlotka and
• Witold Lojkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1586–1601, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.153

• results of specific surface area and TEM measurements using the dark-field technique. The obtained nanoparticles with average particle diameter ranging from 8–39 nm were characterized by having homogeneous morphology with a needle shape and a narrow particle size distribution. Strong similarities were

• determining the shape of the particles. All the other methods of the Nanopowder XRD Processor Demo web application, converting the SSA results and TEM measurements using the dark field technique, provided the dimension (diameter) of particles/crystallites using the equations derived for spherical particles

• Type 3; d) HAp Type 4; e) HAp Type 5; f) HAp Type 6. SEM micrographs of HAp powders: (a, b) Type 1; (c, d) Type 2; (e, f) Type 3; (g, h) Type 4; (i, j) Type 5; (k, l) Type 6. The bright field TEM image of Type 1 HAp. a) A dark field TEM image of Type 2 HAp; b) a histogram of the particle size

Deformation-driven catalysis of nanocrystallization in amorphous Al alloys

• Rainer J. Hebert,
• John H. Perepezko,
• Harald Rösner and
• Gerhard Wilde

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1428–1433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.134

• ) amounts to about 2 J/g. The dark-field (DF) TEM analysis of both samples, the cold-rolled sample and the cold-rolled sample after annealing in the microcalorimeter, shows clear evidence of nanocrystals in shear bands of both samples (Figure 2). The TEM images shown in this work were obtained from samples

• microscopy. The comparison between the different XRD curves depicted in Figure 5 shows an increase in the intensity of the Al peaks after annealing of the cold-rolled sample. An as-spun sample, on the other hand, remained X-ray amorphous after annealing for 10 min at 225 °C. The dark-field TEM image in

• Figure 6 shows that nanocrystals have developed homogeneously throughout the deformed sample rather than in localized regions. Shear bands are not detected in the dark-field TEM images after the annealing. With shear band distances of the order of micrometers [41] and good contrast between shear bands

On the pathway of cellular uptake: new insight into the interaction between the cell membrane and very small nanoparticles

• Claudia Messerschmidt,
• Daniel Hofmann,
• Anja Kroeger,
• Katharina Landfester,
• Volker Mailänder and
• Ingo Lieberwirth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1296–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.121

• tridiem image filter (Gatan Inc., USA) and an energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDX) detector (EDAX Inc., USA) for analytical element measurements. Conventional bright field images were acquired using a Gatan US1000 slow scan CCD camera (Gatan Inc., USA). Inelastic dark field imaging for NP

• identification Since the contrast of the silica particles in bright field imaging was too low for unambiguous identification, we applied inelastic dark field imaging techniques for the visualization of silica nanoparticles. Inelastic dark field imaging was conducted using the image filter/electron energy loss

• , the inelastic dark field images (shown in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S8) reflect in principle a local superposition of the electron density and the plasmon interaction cross section of the specimen. As a result, the silica nanoparticles will appear brighter compared to the surrounding

Manufacturing and investigation of physical properties of polyacrylonitrile nanofibre composites with SiO₂, TiO₂ and Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles

• Tomasz Tański,
• Wiktor Matysiak and
• Barbara Hajduk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1141–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.106

• transmission and scanning mode, using bright and dark field (BF, DF), HAADF detector and an energy filter, in particular using analytical microscopy in the nanoareas in the STEM mode. The X-ray studies of the analysed materials were carried out on an PANalytical X’Pert Pro diffractometer. The measurement was

• taken in bright field and dark field mode and using an HAADF detector. The results of the diffraction studies, obtained using analytical electron microscopy in nanoareas in the STEM mode, confirmed the phase composition and the crystalline structure from the earlier X-ray study. The diffraction pattern

Photocurrent generation in carbon nanotube/cubic-phase HfO₂ nanoparticle hybrid nanocomposites

• Protima Rauwel,
• Augustinas Galeckas,
• Martin Salumaa,
• Frédérique Ducroquet and
• Erwan Rauwel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1075–1085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.101

• pure ethanol along with the MWCNTs and sonicated for a total of 2 h [67]. Characterization: High angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM) was carried out on a probe-corrected Titan G2 80–200 kV operating at 80 kV to reduce beam damage. The probe size and therefore

Development of highly faceted reduced graphene oxide-coated copper oxide and copper nanoparticles on a copper foil surface

• Rebeca Ortega-Amaya,
• Yasuhiro Matsumoto,
• Andrés M. Espinoza-Rivas,
• Manuel A. Pérez-Guzmán and
• Mauricio Ortega-López

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1010–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.93

• [36]. We carried out high angle annular dark field (HAADF) measurements to assess the chemical composition of the faceted nanoparticles. HAADF images and EDS line scans of a Cu-rGO nanoparticle and a rod-shaped nanostructure are shown in Figure 5a,b, respectively. From the EDS line-scan analysis in

Templated green synthesis of plasmonic silver nanoparticles in onion epidermal cells suitable for surface-enhanced Raman and hyper-Raman scattering

• Marta Espina Palanco,
• Klaus Bo Mogensen,
• Marina Gühlke,
• Zsuzsanna Heiner,
• Janina Kneipp and
• Katrin Kneipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 834–840, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.75

• the extracellular matrix provides a biological template for the growth of plasmonic nanostructures. This is indicated by red glowing images of extracellular spaces in dark field microscopy of onion layers a few hours after AgNO3 exposure due to the formation of silver nanoparticles. Silver

• space they surround provide a biological template for the growth process of plasmonic silver structures. In our experimental study, we exploit luminescence spectroscopy and dark-field microscopy for probing the formation of metal nanostructures in situ in the onion tissue. Local optical fields related

• -Aldrich Denmark A/S) instead of AgNO3. Luminescence measurements and dark-field microscopy Luminescence spectra and images were measured through a 100× oil immersion objective (Leica DMLM microscope) using a laser diode (473 nm, ca. 20 mW) for excitation and equipped with a λ = 520 nm long-wave pass

Assembling semiconducting molecules by covalent attachment to a lamellar crystalline polymer substrate

• Rainhard Machatschek,
• Patrick Ortmann,
• Renate Reiter,
• Stefan Mecking and
• Günter Reiter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 784–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.70

In situ observation of deformation processes in nanocrystalline face-centered cubic metals

• Aaron Kobler,
• Christian Brandl,
• Horst Hahn and
• Christian Kübel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 572–580, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.50

• diffracting volume, which is encoded in the diffraction pattern and peak profile. For a local analysis, NC metals are traditionally investigated using bright/dark field transmission electron microscopy (BF/DF-TEM) [31][32][33] or high resolution TEM (HRTEM) [34]. In situ BF/DF-TEM deformation experiments are

Ultrastructural changes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus induced by positively charged silver nanoparticles

• Dulce G. Romero-Urbina,
• Humberto H. Lara,
• J. Jesús Velázquez-Salazar,
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez,
• Eduardo Larios,
• Anand Srinivasan,
• Jose L. Lopez-Ribot and
• Miguel José Yacamán

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2396–2405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.246

• induced by AgNPs, which were investigated using various electron microscopy techniques, such as high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), high angle annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (HAADF-STEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray

• emission transmission electron microscope operated at 200 kV. HAADF-STEM bacterial cell images were obtained using Cs-corrected JEOL JEM-ARM-200F microscope in both bright-field (BF) and dark-field (DF) modes. The microscope was operated at 200 kV using a convergence angle of 26 mrad and collection semi

Possibilities and limitations of advanced transmission electron microscopy for carbon-based nanomaterials

• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Carla Bittencourt and
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1541–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.158

• Figure 5e–h, where a grain boundary is imaged on a single graphene layer using annular dark field scanning transmission electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) acquired at 60 kV. An extensive arrangement of the 5–7 pairs together with distorted hexagons is revealed (Figure 5g,h) [62]. It can be deduced that