Anomalous current–voltage characteristics of SFIFS Josephson junctions with weak ferromagnetic interlayers

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Anastasia V. Guravova,
• Aleksei Yu. Kuzin,
• Elena A. Kazakova,
• Shiro Kawabata,
• Boris G. Lvov and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 252–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.19

• decay and oscillations of the real part of the pair wave function in a ferromagnetic layer, ξf1 and ξf2, correspondingly [1]. If we consider the exchange field h as the only important parameter of a ferromagnetic material, both lengths are equal to , where Df is the diffusion constant in the

• where τm ≡ τz is the magnetic scattering time. In the superconducting layer S the Usadel equation reads [94] Here Ds is the diffusion coefficient in the S layer and Δ(x) is the pair potential in the superconductor. We note that Δ(x) vanishes in the F layer. Equation 3 and Equation 4 must be supplemented

High-performance asymmetric supercapacitor made of NiMoO₄ nanorods@Co₃O₄ on a cellulose-based carbon aerogel

• Meixia Wang,
• Jing Zhang,
• Xibin Yi,
• Benxue Liu,
• Xinfu Zhao and
• Xiaochan Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 240–251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.18

• but also provide 3D pathways for fast electrolyte ion diffusion and electron transport. To date, Ni foam [27], copper grid [28] and titanium mesh [29] have been mostly selected as collectors, whereas the high cost of these materials limited their practical application. Carbon aerogel (CA) has been

• shortening of the ion diffusion length and effectively buffering the volume change in the electrochemical reaction process. More importantly, the specific surface area is enlarged for such a porous structure, facilitating reactions of active substances and improving the electrochemical performance. Our

• nanofibers of CA, which could provide diffusion channels for electrolyte ions and could be a conductive substrate to serve as a backbone; the second consists of interlaced NiMoO4 nanorods and acts as a bridge in the ternary hierarchical structure, which offers a large surface area for loading of active

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• network and cause an increased filler contact. In addition, G2, with higher lateral size, exhibited a better phonon diffusion mechanism along the conductive network. Mechanical properties Following the electrical and thermal characterization, Figure 6 shows the relative Young’s moduli of the pure HDPE and

• by increasing the content of all three GnPs. This was attributed to the high thermal stability of the GnPs, the GnPs’ shielding effect on the combustion gas diffusion into and out of the polymer during its thermal decomposition [18], the barrier effect of the GnPs, the removal of free radicals, which

• started polymer decomposition, and uniform dispersion of the GnPs [8]. Another reason was the hindering influence of the GnP layers on the diffusion of small gaseous molecules across the HDPE-based nanocomposites [40]. Generally, T5% (5% sample weight loss) was defined as the onset degradation temperature

Fabrication of Ag-modified hollow titania spheres via controlled silver diffusion in Ag–TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Krzysztof Kopczyński and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 141–146, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.12

• metal nanoparticles. A simple method employing sol–gel coating of nanoparticles with titania followed by controlled silver diffusion was developed and applied for the synthesis of Ag-modified hollow TiO2 spheres. The morphology of the synthesized structures and their chemical composition was

• fabrication step. The synthesized nanostructures exhibit a broadband optical absorption in the UV–vis range. Keywords: core–shell nanostructures; hollow spheres; silver diffusion; silver-modified titanium dioxide; titania; Findings In recent years, nanometer- to micrometer-sized inorganic hollow spheres

• silver diffusion in Ag–TiO2 core–shell nanostructures (CSNs). Our approach comprises three simple steps starting from the synthesis of the metallic core, through its coating with titania and finally annealing leading to plasmonic hollow nanostructures with plasmon resonance in a broad spectral range. SEM

The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• particles became immovable again. This effect was attributed to the diffusion of Au into the Si substrate and to the growth of the SiO2 layer. Keywords: annealing; atomic force microscopy (AFM); Au nanoparticles; manipulation; melting; nanotribology; Introduction Gold is one of the most prominent

• implemented by Vigonski et al. [17] utilizes only nearest-neighbor jumps, which lead to a rather uniform behavior of larger NPs. In the diffusion model used in Kimocs, the computational time increases exponentially with decreasing temperature, making simulations at experimental temperatures unfeasible

• . Nevertheless, the temperature used in the simulations is significantly below the melting temperature of Au. Furthermore, in the computational model, the dynamics of diffusion are unaffected by temperature, making comparisons to experimental results possible [21]. Visualizations of the results of the simulation

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• the mobility, the lifetime and the vertical diffusion length of the charge carriers in the 2/3D perovskite. Figure 4h–k indicates that the 2D/3D perovskite (x = 0.03) has a better crystallinity than the pure 3D material because of its clearer crystal lattice phonon features. These factors greatly

An investigation on the drag reduction performance of bioinspired pipeline surfaces with transverse microgrooves

• Weili Liu,
• Hongjian Ni,
• Peng Wang and
• Yi Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 24–40, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.3

• = 1,2,3; ui, uj were the speed of different coordinate directions (m/s); ρ was the density of fluid (kg/m3); was the Reynolds stress; and Gk was the turbulent kinetic energy produced by the velocity gradient. Further, Gw was generated by the ω equation; Γk, Γω were the effective diffusion terms of k and

• ω; Yk, Yω were the turbulences generated by diffusion; Dω was the orthogonal divergence term; and Sk, Sω were user-defined terms. Boundary conditions and other parameters settings In order to compare the hydraulic characteristics of a grooved and a smooth pipeline and to exclude the effects of other

Synthesis of amorphous and graphitized porous nitrogen-doped carbon spheres as oxygen reduction reaction catalysts

• Maximilian Wassner,
• Markus Eckardt,
• Andreas Reyer,
• Thomas Diemant,
• Michael S. Elsaesser,
• R. Jürgen Behm and
• Nicola Hüsing

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1–15, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.1

• . Further insight shall be given by the present study. However, one has to keep in mind, that a quantitative comparison will not be possible. We do not expect nitridation to give the exact same results with and without the presence of an oxide shell due to accessibility and diffusion limitations. For TiON

• creating additional diffusion limitations [51]. The geometric area of the electrochemically accessible part of the electrode is 0.28 cm2. For the electrochemical experiments, we used a rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) setup (Pine Instruments Analytical Rotator, AFASRE), with the thin-film electrode on

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• of the release of metoprolol is diffusion. Moreover, metoprolol can be measured easily beside DTT by UV–vis spectroscopy. The kinetics of the metoprolol release from the different PASP-XCYS-LYS gels was studied in both physiological saline (NaCl) and DTT solution (Figure 7). The graph depicts the

• diffusion coefficient in the gel matrix and consequently to a faster drug release. A similar observation was described in the case of another PASP-based gel and different other types of hydrogels [34]. For the PASP-20CYS-LYS gel, the drug release kinetics do not differ significantly for the reductive medium

Antimony deposition onto Au(111) and insertion of Mg

• Lingxing Zan,
• Da Xing,
• Abdelaziz Ali Abd-El-Latif and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2541–2552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.245

• and some superimposed negative current may be due to oxygen reduction, which starts at ≈0.36 V vs RHE (or −0.54 V vs Pt/PtO) on the Au electrode in 0.5 M H2SO4 [27]. The bulk deposition peak is much sharper because of the different diffusion behaviors in the small volume STM cell, which somewhat

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• extremely fast heating leads to a high kinetic energy of atoms, overcoming the repulsion force between immiscible atoms. As a result of their mutual diffusion and fast cooling/solidification, the atoms may remain in an intermixed state [8]. Therefore, the role of the kinetic characteristics (cooling rate

• materials. Cooling to a temperature of 300 K was simulated with a cooling rate 1.5 K/ps. A slight diffusion of liquid silicon into liquid copper began immediately after the start of the simulation. Then, over a period of a few nanoseconds, the drops of copper and silicon approached each other and a Janus

Air oxidation of sulfur mustard gas simulants using a pyrene-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst

• Ghada Ayoub,
• Mihails Arhangelskis,
• Xuan Zhang,
• Florencia Son,
• Timur Islamoglu,
• Tomislav Friščić and
• Omar K. Farha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2422–2427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.232

• –Teller (BET) surface area of 1325 m2/g (Figure S4, Supporting Information File 1) [44]. The pore size analysis using DFT model revealed pores of approximately 11 Å, which is suitable for diffusion of CEES molecules into the pores of NU-400. The solid-state UV–vis spectrum of NU-400 reveals that the

Design of a nanostructured mucoadhesive system containing curcumin for buccal application: from physicochemical to biological aspects

• Sabrina Barbosa de Souza Ferreira,
• Gustavo Braga,
• Évelin Lemos Oliveira,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva,
• Hélen Cássia Rosseto,
• Lidiane Vizioli de Castro Hoshino,
• Mauro Luciano Baesso,
• Wilker Caetano,
• Craig Murdoch,
• Helen Elizabeth Colley and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2304–2328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.222

• properties of CUR in order to evaluate if the spectra obtained from the thermal analysis were influenced by the end time of the sample preparation. The time required for CUR incorporation into the polymeric micelles was also determined. Moreover, this analysis allows for the understanding of diffusion and

• , hence, the polymeric chains were slowly reorganized, whereas CUR diffused by time-dependent anomalous effects. The solvent diffusion velocity displayed similar relaxation of the polymeric chains [77]. Ex vivo permeation of curcumin in porcine oral mucosa Permeation studies are considered fundamental to

• from formulations could permeate the mucosa. Moreover, the thermal diffusion length (µs) was 31 µm on both sides of the oral mucosa. Thus, CUR permeated the total sample thickness (818 µm). In this sense, the results of the PAS and Franz cell technique are complementary, since PAS can elucidate if the

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• applied to protect drug carriers from being inactivated by avoiding interaction with mucus [9][10][11]. Nanoparticles (NPs) have shown a tremendous effect in terms of facilitating the diffusion of drugs through biological barriers, for example, through thick mucus in cystic fibrosis [10][12][13][14][15

• Discussion Influence of different parameters on the NP size Smaller nanoparticles (NPs) are known to have a better diffusion through mucus, whereby they can evade the natural size-filtration mechanism [10][14][39]. Furthermore, the surface chemistry of NPs plays a crucial role in facilitating their

• the nature of the organic phase plays a decisive role in controlling the diffusion of the organic phase to the aqueous phase, which induces as well a change in the mixing time [50][51]. Effect of the length of the focus mixing channel Attempts have been made to explain the mechanisms of

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• labeled as C-MoS2/rGO-4, C-MoS2/rGO-6, and C-MoS2/rGO-8, respectively. Preparation of sulfur composites MoS2-S, C-MoS2/rGO-S, C-MoS2/rGO-4-S, C-MoS2/rGO-6-S, C-MoS2/rGO-8-S composites were fabricated by melt diffusion. The mixture of sulfur and pristine MoS2, C-MoS2/rGO and annealed composites (C-MoS2/rGO

• ]. The homogeneous diffusion of the elements is confirmed by the selected element mappings as shown in Figure 3g–j. Figure 4a shows the XRD patterns of pristine MoS2, C-MoS2/rGO and annealed C-MoS2/rGO-6 composites. For pristine MoS2, the diffraction peaks can be well indexed to the 2H-MoS2 phase (JCPDS

A novel all-fiber-based LiFePO₄/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ battery with self-standing nanofiber membrane electrodes

• Li-li Chen,
• Hua Yang,
• Mao-xiang Jing,
• Chong Han,
• Fei Chen,
• Xin-yu Hu,
• Wei-yong Yuan,
• Shan-shan Yao and
• Xiang-qian Shen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2229–2237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.215

• for electric and hybrid vehicles due to their stable discharge potential, good cycling stability and environmental friendliness [24][25][26]. However, both of them have the disadvantages of low Li+ diffusion coefficient and poor electronic conductivity, which limit the practical applications in LIBs

• . The oblique line in the low-frequency region is larger than 45°, which is the impedance of the Li+ diffusion process in the electrode. Overall, although the electrodes did not use metal collectors, both electrodes showed a smaller charge transfer impedance and a smaller ion transfer impedance, which

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• structures with rich channels for diffusion of electrolyte ions and large surface area accessible for electrolyte ions favour the electrochemical performance of electrode materials. The morphology of the material was first investigated by SEM. From the SEM images in Figure 1, a flower-like nanostructure that

• the material can shorten the ion diffusion path lengths, overcoming the kinetics barrier of the faradaic redox reaction for most of the energy storage materials. The hierarchical nanostructure can provide abundant surface active sites for electrochemical reactions during the charge/discharge process

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• with water. Controlled release is not possible due to the high diffusion coefficient, D, in oils of low viscosity (Einstein equation). Release typically takes place very fast within seconds or milliseconds [1]. The age of smart delivery systems for skin started with the introduction of liposomes to the

• mPa·s) and phospholipid bilayers (184 mPa·s [15]), this process takes place relatively fast. The diffusion coefficient D can be calculated using the Einstein equation: with kB being the Boltzmann constant and T being the absolute temperature. In contrast, the viscosity η in solid particles is very high

• Franz diffusion cells, after [37].

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• deposition has the advantages of rapid heat transfer, uniform heating and acceleration of the diffusion of S atoms into the TiO2 crystal lattice. After the autoclave had cooled naturally to room temperature, the precipitate was washed several times with deionized water and absolute ethanol, respectively and

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• solvent displacement and emulsion diffusion approaches and assessed their anticancer efficiency in neuroblastoma cells, including ABCB1-expressing cell lines, in comparison to doxorubicin solution. Results: The resulting nanoparticles covered a size range between 73 and 246 nm. PLGA-PEG nanoparticle

• , opsonisation, and phagocytosis [12]. In previous studies PLA-, PLGA-, PLA-PEG-, and PLGA-PEG-based nanometre-sized drug carriers loaded with or covalently linked to doxorubicin have been prepared by methods including emulsion diffusion, solvent displacement, micelle formation, and film rehydration followed by

• context of efflux-mediated resistance. Since nanoparticles prepared by simple methods have the highest chance of clinical translation, doxorubicin was incorporated into nanoparticles prepared from PLA, PLGA, and PLGA-PEG by emulsion diffusion or solvent displacement approaches, two well-established and

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• size (scanning electron microscopy, laser diffraction), textural properties (N2 sorption, Hg porosimetry), presence of hydroxyl groups and active sites (temperature-programmed desorption of NH3 and CO2, 29Si magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)), mesopore accessibility and diffusion

• impact of the post-synthetic treatment applied to the ETS-10 titanosilicate with respect to the catalytic activity in the heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides. Keywords: CaO; diffusion; ETS-10; nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR); transesterification; Introduction One of the

• diffusion limitations for reaching effectiveness factors close to unity, iv) leaching resistance, v) activity at moderate temperatures (e.g., at the boiling point of methanol) being ideally comparable to KOH/NaOH catalysts and vi) stability for multiple reuse. Our approach to address this challenge is based

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• ensure that the particles will bind specifically to their target tissue without being so small as to induce cell toxicity. This occurs at sizes smaller than 50 nm because of diffusion into the cells. We believe that the Au-CPMV particles have suitable sizes for optimal imaging quality and

• DLS measurements were carried out per sample after 2 min waiting time to allow the solutions to be at rest. The hydrodynamic radius (intensity particle size distribution was used for all measurements) was calculated by the instrument from the translational diffusion coefficient using the Stokes

The influence of porosity on nanoparticle formation in hierarchical aluminophosphates

• Matthew E. Potter,
• Lauren N. Riley,
• Alice E. Oakley,
• Panashe M. Mhembere,
• June Callison and
• Robert Raja

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1952–1957, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.191

• , but allows the system to maintain porosity after nanoparticle deposition. This will aid diffusion of reagents through the system, allowing continued access to the active sites in hierarchical systems, which offers significant potential in catalytic oxidation/reduction reactions. Keywords

• ) helps the systems maintain higher pore volumes and surface areas after nanoparticle inclusion. In principle this should translate into the hierarchical systems being improved catalysts with better diffusion. To probe the influence of the support on the deposited metal, a range of characterisation