Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• to the nanoscale, we found a homogenous dispersion of the particles (Figure 6B). This is supported by AFM topography images at the nanoscale (Figure 6C). In contrast, PEG AuNPs are not well dispersed, with more agglomerates (see the analogous Figure 6G–I), and particle clusters form microscale

• electrostatic interactions between the NH3+ groups and the carboxylate residues on the NPs, and hydrogen bonds. Hence, there are relatively few differences between dimanno-AuNPs and PEG AuNPs, which are related to the particle dispersion in solution. The clustered PEG AuNPs cannot disperse well on a surface

• sensing, imaging, or drug delivery systems. The success of these platforms stems from their dispersion in water, stability, and biocompatibility in fully hydrated states, as well as in biological fluids. Our investigation shows a novel approach to these particles by testing the hydration properties under

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• were incorporated into the formulation within their commonly employed concentration ranges [36]. Sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC, 1.5% w/w) was added as a gelling agent owing to its excellent biocompatibility, ease of dispersion in aqueous systems, and ability to enhance viscosity without

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• in this study, it is generally accepted that the surface charge of NCs plays a critical role in their colloidal stability, dispersion behavior, and biological interactions [22][32]. In cubic cuboargyrite phase, there are 14 polyhedra with antimony and silver at the center (Figure 1c). Herein, a

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• [24]. For AFM characterization, an aqueous suspension was prepared from this pre-exfoliated powder at a concentration appropriate for AFM imaging, approximately 0.1 mg·mL−1. This suspension was treated with mild ultrasound (bath sonication, 15 min) to ensure thorough dispersion. Subsequently, a 20 μL

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• are used to develop the dispersion curve shown in Figure 1b. The dispersion curve shows how the measured frequency changes as the contact becomes stiffer, which occurs in the previously described experiments when the tip is pressed against the surface with a larger normal force. Typically, CR-AFM

• surface than when it is free. Thus, how D1 varies over the course of the experiment has been included in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S1 for completeness but is not further analyzed within the manuscript. Figure 4 shows the dispersion curves generated for the three cantilever models, with the

• contact stiffness. However, for harder materials, such as Si–HOPG or diamond–Si, model 1 (Figure 1a(i)) has a frequency response in the dispersion curve that saturates at a reduced frequency (f1/f0) that is lower than the measured reduced frequency. We note that the PtSi–PEO combination showed a high

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• release, and protection against degradation. Nanoemulsions are colloidal systems with droplets of 20 to 500 nm, which improve the dispersion of the compounds, protect their active properties, and enhance their efficacy. This review addresses the potential of nanoemulsions as efficient carriers of EOs, and

• ]. Furthermore, they increase the water solubility of poorly soluble compounds, improve the dispersion of essential oils in vector control, and provide a controlled release of the bioactives. Finally, these systems can be obtained at low cost and through more sustainable technologies [36]. Given these advantages

• ][41][42]. Aedes aegypti is a species of mosquito of the Culicidae family, order Diptera, native to Africa and distributed throughout various regions of the world. This extensive distribution occurs due to the sum of several factors, such as dispersion favored by high temperatures and high humidity

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• demonstrated that these nanoparticles exhibit low toxicity, effectiveness against antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, and strong colloidal stability, ensuring long-term dispersion [26][27]. Additionally, they exhibit antioxidant activity and selective cytotoxic effects on tumor cells, including oral cancer

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• involving and , while the superscript “corr.” stands for values that are corrected by such derivatives. The solid line represents the same correction as predicted by Costa and collaborators [30]. The dispersion of the data (open circles) with relation to the black solid curve has the same origins as those

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• (Figure 2A), resulting in a uniform dispersion of active compounds within the polymer [29][30]. The encapsulation of drugs in nanocapsules and nanospheres correlates with their biopharmaceutical characteristics, which are directly linked to oral absorption. Amidon et al. [31], through studies correlating

• reference in formulation development, the design of PNs expands the delivery possibilities for drugs in all four BCS classes by overcoming limitations related to poor solubility or permeability [34]. Among the various techniques used for preparing NPs, the polymerization of monomers or dispersion of

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• lecithin was initially dissolved in the aqueous phase at the concentration specified for each experiment. Once the surfactant was fully solubilized, preheated linseed oil (75 °C) was gradually added, and the mixture was homogenized using an Ultra Turrax (IKA T18, Dispersion element S18N-19G) at 10,000 rpm

• (L-2%) exhibited no significant changes with increasing lecithin concentration. Moving into the second phase, the O/W(L-3%) pre-formulation demonstrated a notable 21% increase in dispersion conductivity, indicating statistical significance compared to formulations with lower lecithin concentrations

• the aqueous dispersion. The enhanced conductivity facilitated by electron transport species can foster chemical interactions with contacting materials (such as primary packaging) or expedite degradation processes, particularly given the acidic nature of the pre-formulations. Variations in zeta

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• precious metals such as Rh, Pd, and Pt [14][15]. Their atom-level dispersion maximizes surface exposure and minimizes metal consumption, which is critical for both economic and environmental sustainability. However, their inherently low site density and metastability under reaction conditions present

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• nanoparticles can be synthesized using methods such as direct polymerization of monomers, nanoprecipitation, solvent evaporation emulsification, dispersion of preformed polymers, or salting-out [27]. For cancer and immunotherapy, polymeric nanoparticles offer advantages such as biocompatibility, stimulation of

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• cationic nanoparticles was tested at two different formulations containing 0.5% and 1.0% (w/w) of Tsv in the nanoparticle suspension. The venom aqueous solution was added to the colloidal dispersion containing the cationic-functionalized NPs at 22 °C, which remained under magnetic stirring at 360 rpm for 5

• data expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The shape and surface of nanoparticles were assessed by AFM (SPM-9700 Shimadzu, Tokyo, Japan) and FEGSEM (Zeiss Microscopy, Auriga, Jena, Germany) images. For the AFM analyzes, a drop of dispersion was placed on a clean microscope slide and dried under a

• desiccator for 24 h. The images were obtained with a silicon tip, operating in the attractive region of a cantilever in non-contact mode. For the FEGSEM analyzes, a drop of dispersion was placed in a microscope slide with carbon tapes and dried under a desiccator for 24 h [46]. Protein-loading efficiency The

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• wetting and dispersion. The resulting suspension then underwent ultrasonication at 60 °C for 4 h using a bath sonicator (40 kHz, 150 W) to facilitate the Diels–Alder reaction between the CNT surface and MA. The resulting CNTs functionalized with MA (CNTs-MA) were collected by vacuum filtration using a

• separate vials, each containing 20 mL of a 100 ppm working solution of Pb2+ and Cd2+ ions, prepared by diluting a 1000 ppm standard stock solution with deionized water. The mixtures were first sonicated for 10 min to ensure uniform dispersion and effective interaction between the adsorbents and the metal

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• water successfully alters the surface properties of Si-ncs, making them hydrophilic and improving their dispersion in aqueous solutions, while also leading to the formation of self-organized networks. However, laser fragmentation of BaTaOxNy particles resulted not only in increased surface area but also

• , and HER/OER devices. These films exhibit unique morphologies and properties due to the controlled nanoparticle size and dispersion. Additionally, these nanocolloids enable facile, low-temperature, single-step film fabrication under standard laboratory conditions, making it an efficient and versatile

Photochemical synthesis of silver nanoprisms via green LED irradiation and evaluation of SERS activity

• Tuan Anh Mai-Ngoc,
• Nhi Kieu Vo,
• Cong Danh Nguyen,
• Thi Kim Xuan Nguyen and
• Thanh Sinh Do

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1417–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.103

• (TEM, JEM-1400, Japan). For TEM analysis, a droplet of the nanoparticle dispersion was deposited onto a 3 mm copper grid and allowed to dry at room temperature. For FESEM analysis, the dried sample was mounted on conductive carbon tape and imaged at an accelerating voltage of 10 kV. TEM imaging was

Enhancing the therapeutical potential of metalloantibiotics using nano-based delivery systems

• Alejandro Llamedo,
• Marina Cano,
• Raquel G. Soengas and
• Francisco J. García-Alonso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1350–1366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.98

• . These nanoparticles consist of a solid lipid core matrix stabilized by emulsifiers in an aqueous dispersion [70][71][72]. SLNs were developed as an alternative nanocarrier system to emulsions, liposomes, and polymeric nanoparticles, combining the advantages of traditional liposomal and polymeric systems

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• phenomenon that becomes increasingly efficient at elevated temperatures, promoting the formation of smaller droplets. Additionally, elevated temperatures enhance molecular mobility and solubility, facilitating droplet disruption and dispersion effects observed in bocaiúva oil nanoemulsions above 60 °C [48

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• matrix properties, including tensile strength, elasticity, and thermal stability, due to its high surface area, hydroxy groups forming hydrogen bonds, and excellent dispersion within the matrix [20][21]. This improvement is attributed to interaction between hydroxy groups in NC and PVA, effectively

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• important parameter for assessing nanoparticle stability and biodistribution. Typically, particles acquire an electric charge at the shear plane when dispersed in a liquid, which is reflected by their zeta potential, that is key to understanding dispersion and aggregation processes in nanoformulations. Zeta

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• permittivity, n is the refractive index of the materials, and c is the speed of light. The fundamental part of the optical conductivity is related to light absorption, while the imaginary part is associated with the dispersion. Results and Discussion Structural analysis The optimized geometry of the armchair

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• found during the microstructure analysis. Table 3 summarizes the results of the optical properties. For the prepared coatings, refractive index and extinction coefficient were determined using the reverse engineering method with the aid of the Scout software. For calculation of the dispersion curves

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• any precipitation for longer than one week. The aqueous F-127 solution at 0.1 wt % concentration, which is about one tenth of the critical micelle concentration, was enough to fabricate nanoparticles with excellent dispersion stability and high production efficiency. We examined the photosensitized

• suspended in a poor solvent is fragmented into nanoparticles by intense pulsed laser irradiation, and the sample suspension is directly converted in to a colloidal dispersion without any chemical additives in one step. It has been demonstrated that several hydrophobic dyes such as metal complex Pcs (MPcs

• acetate [23], paclitaxel [24], naproxen and fenofibrate [25], curcumin [26], and cinnamon [27]. This work aims to fabricate aqueous colloids of MPc (M = AlCl, Fe, Co, Zn) and Pt complex octaethylporphyrin (PtOEP) (Figure 1) nanoparticles with a high dispersion stability and to demonstrate the potential

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• mechanical strength and stiffness, improved the tribological properties by reducing friction, and increased the crystallization temperature. However, it also resulted in a decrease in elasticity. Morphological analysis confirmed the uniform dispersion of the nanotubes. These findings underscore the potential

• mixing and kneading elements, including backward elements, to achieve the most uniform distribution and dispersion of CNTs in the polymer matrix [27]. During extrusion, the basic process parameters (Table 5) were recorded: drive torque (M), energy consumption (W), melt temperature (Td), and melt pressure

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• electrolyte ions on the surface of electrode, the efficient dispersion of electrolyte ions within the pores of PG-CDs-AgNPs and on their surface, and the high mobility of cations and anions within the electrolyte are the three mechanisms that allow PG-CDs-AgNPs to store charge during electrochemical reactions