Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• , which is equal to the amount of CYS cross-linkers applied in the synthesis (see above). These results prove that each disulfide bond in the PASP-20CYS-LYS hydrogels has been cleaved by DTT in the described experiments (Figure 3). Due to the dissolution of the hydrogels containing higher amounts of CYS

• metoprolol in the liquid. The kinetics curves are very similar to normal kinetics curves of drug release indicating a burst effect [15]. The presence of DTT leads to a higher saturation concentration of metoprolol presumably due to the cleavage of the disulfide bonds. The dissolution of the PASP-100CYS-LYS

• faster compared to the 0CYS-LYS and the 20CYS-LYS gels in the first 20 min of the metoprolol release, which is presumably caused by the dissolution of the gels (Figure 3b). Although the dissolution of the 40CYS-LYS, the 60CYS-LYS, the 80CYS-LYS and the 100CYS-LYS gels occurs already after 10 min in DTT

Antimony deposition onto Au(111) and insertion of Mg

• Lingxing Zan,
• Da Xing,
• Abdelaziz Ali Abd-El-Latif and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2541–2552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.245

• (CV) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Monolayer deposition results in a characteristic row structure; the monolayer is commensurate in one dimension, but not in the other. The row structure is to some extent maintained after deposition of further layers. After dissolution of the Sb multilayers

• electrodeposited Bi0.88Sb0.12 alloy by Arthur et al. [7]. However, the capacity declines to 215 mAh/g after 100 cycles with an electrolyte mixture of ethylmagnesium chloride, diethylaluminum chloride and anhydrous THF. A detailed, fundamental study of magnesium deposition/dissolution at a Sb-modified Au electrode

• corresponding dissolution peak A1 at +0.34 V amounts to 290 µC cm−2. The charge ratio of the anodic peak A1 to the cathodic peaks C1 and C2 in the first potential cycle for Sb stripping/deposition in UPD region gives a value of 90%. This residual 10% (30 µC cm−2) may indicate some alloy formation from which Sb

The role of Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Al³⁺ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu,
• Loredana F. Leopold and
• Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

• citrate capping agent can be switched on by the intrinsic generation of Ag+ ions at the AgNP surface. The addition of HNO3 to the colloidal cit-AgNPs leads to the generation of Ag+ ions at the silver surface due to an incipient dissolution process of the AgNPs in the acidic medium [27][28]. Thus, by

• was excluded since no broadening or any additional extinction bands at higher wavelengths were observed in the corresponding UV–vis spectrum (Figure 1B). The incipient dissolution of the AgNPs and the formation of Ag+ ions on the surface of the nanoparticles leads to the adsorption of citrate to the

• turn-on effect. Similarly, the intrinsic generation of Ag+ adions by the partial dissolution of cit-AgNPs in an acidic environment gives rise to the switch-on of the SERS spectrum of the citrate capping agent. The chemisorption of the target analytes to the cit-AgNPs can be monitored qualitatively

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• improved through the combination of amorphous carbon and rGO, which could also limit the dissolution of polysulfides. After annealing at different temperatures, it is found that the C-MoS2/rGO-6-S composite annealed at 600 °C yields a noticeably enhanced performance of lithium–sulfur batteries, with a high

• electrolyte, the sulfur is also continuously depleted. Consequently, a rapid decay of the specific capacity occurs when the composite is loaded with less sulfur. After several cycles of charge and discharge, the dissolved polysulfide ions in the electrolyte will reach a dynamic equilibrium. The dissolution of

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• temperatures using dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP). This process is followed by rapid dissolution to create an injectable solution in the human body. This procedure can provide up to a 10,000-fold increase in the signal compared to typical thermal polarization conditions. The 13C-labeled probes must be well

Ion mobility and material transport on KBr in air as a function of the relative humidity

• Dominik J. Kirpal,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer,
• Alfred J. Weymouth and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2084–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.203

• and recorded the evolution of these defects as a function of the time. We observed an exponential decay of the size of the defects and material accumulations, and from this data we determined energy barriers to dissolution and aggregation of approximately 0.9 eV. Keywords: ambient conditions; atomic

• that a qPlus AFM is capable of observing material dissolution [7][15]. These studies show that the high stiffness is beneficial and allows one to use larger tips built from any appropriate tip material and to operate the AFM at small amplitudes without risking jump to contact [7][16][17][18][19]. A

• edge length and structure size is large enough the material transport is mainly driven by adsorption and dissolution at the step edges. To understand why that would lead to higher material transport, we consider a circular accumulation or defect with a total number of atoms N. With a radius r and

Synthesis of highly active ETS-10-based titanosilicate for heterogeneously catalyzed transesterification of triglycerides

• Muhammad A. Zaheer,
• David Poppitz,
• Khavar Feyzullayeva,
• Marianne Wenzel,
• Jörg Matysik,
• Radomir Ljupkovic,
• Aleksandra Zarubica,
• Alexander A. Karavaev,
• Andreas Pöppl,
• Roger Gläser and
• Muslim Dvoyashkin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2039–2061, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.200

• min, but more pronounced for longer treatment times (Figure 8). Despite these defects, the particle size distribution probed by laser diffraction revealed minor changes suggesting that treatment neither leads to dissolution of smaller particles, nor to detectable fractioning of the larger ones (Figure

• silica-containing solution while stirring, resulting in the appearance of an opaque mixture. After this, the mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. A KF-solution was prepared by dissolution of 0.1 g of KF in 2.5 mL of DDW, resulting in a 0.0011 g mL−1 concentration. The prepared amount of a KF

Preservation of rutin nanosuspensions without the use of preservatives

• Pascal L. Stahr and
• Cornelia M. Keck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1902–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.185

• the early 1990s [1][2][3][4]. They are composed of 100% substance, are stabilized with only small amounts of surfactants, and possess particle sizes below 1 µm. According to the Ostwald–Freundlich equation nanocrystals possess a higher curvature leading to an enhanced dissolution pressure and thus to

• an enhanced kinetic saturation solubility [5]. Due to their small size they possess an increased surface area, resulting in an increased dissolution rate expressed by the Noyes–Whitney equation. In addition, they also possess an increased adhesiveness and thus, represent a universal, powerful and

• active ingredient occurs, changes in the IC50 value during storage can be observed [35]. As methanol is a good solvent for rutin, the addition of the nanocrystals to the methanolic DPPH solution led to a complete dissolution of the rutin nanocrystals. Hence, all rutin remaining in the formulations was

Processing nanoporous organic polymers in liquid amines

• Jeehye Byun,
• Damien Thirion and
• Cafer T. Yavuz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1844–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.179

• responsible for the dissolution of polymers. The obtained polymer film exhibited high CO2-philicity by having nitrogen-rich surfaces. The film could be also turned into a fine carbon film by heat treatment in inert atmosphere. Results and Discussion Processing COP-100 in liquid amines COP-100 is a network

• film itself was thin and brittle, it was easily cracked, but the film did not show any polymeric granules exposed on the surface. The dissolution of polymer chains in a solvent is known to involve two transport processes; (i) solvent diffusion and (ii) chain disentanglement [22]. When the COP-100 was

• the dissolution in the liquid amine took much longer compared to COP-100 due to the slower penetration of EDA. The rigid backbone of COP-600 with the triphenylbenzene core also contributed to the slower dissolution of polymer in EDA. As shown in Figure 5b, a red polymer solution of COP-600 could be

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• silver [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. The dissolution of AgNPs in both biological and in different environmental media has been proven, although the rate and amount varies depending on the AgNP characteristics determined by the size, stabilization and the presence of other molecules [17]. Still, some

• circulation via different routes [40][41][42][43]. Absorbed or intravenously applied NPs will accumulate in different body compartments [44][45][46]. AgNPs are prone to oxidative dissolution in biological media and the released Ag+ reacts with thiolate groups of sulfur-containing biomolecules [47], which may

• NPs (Figure 3). As the biological effect resulting from interaction with metallic NPs may originate from the release of metallic ions in the biological environment, it was important to evaluate the dissolution behavior of the NPs. The release of Ag+ and Au3+ ions from AgNPs and AuNPs surfaces was

Growth dynamics and light scattering of gold nanoparticles in situ synthesized at high concentration in thin polymer films

• Corentin Guyot,
• Philippe Vandestrick,
• Ingrid Marenne,
• Olivier Deparis and
• Michel Voué

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1768–1777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.172

• times). All these changes resulted in the deposition of thinner films doped with Au+3 ions. Briefly, in a typical synthesis, a 10 wt % PVA stock solution was prepared by heating the required amount of PVA at 85 °C under reflux till complete dissolution of the polymer. After cooling the solution to room

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• but suffer from poor cyclic performance due to the dissolution of intermediate polysulfides. Herein, a lightweight nanoporous TiO2 and graphene oxide (GO) composite is prepared and utilized as an interlayer between a Li anode and a sulfur cathode to suppress the polysulfide migration and improve the

• ]. However, the development and widespread utilization of Li/S batteries is hindered by (i) the poor electronic/ionic conductivity of sulfur, causing a low reaction rate and electrochemical polarization, (ii) dissolution and the shuttle effect of intermediate polysulfides, resulting in the deposition of Li2S

• typical amorphous state with two weak diffraction peaks at about 25° and 48°, and the peaks of the Al3Ti and Al phases were absent, indicating almost complete dissolution of Al and the formation of amorphous TiO2. Figure 2b shows the Raman spectra of TiO2, GO and the TiO2/GO composite. The Raman spectrum

Nanoporous smartPearls for dermal application – Identification of optimal silica types and a scalable production process as prerequisites for marketed products

• David Hespeler,
• Sanaa El Nomeiri,
• Jonas Kaltenbach and
• Rainer H. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1666–1678, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.162

• curves). Apart from the nanometer-sized material, the general high values reported in the literature can be attributed to dissolution in a higher pH (6.8) and at a higher temperature (37 °C) than that used in this study (pH 5.5 for skin products and 25 °C). Additionally, the in situ measurement with

• the skin. The dissolution kinetics of rutin from the smartPearls is much faster than from the raw rutin powder. With smartPearls, the solubility saturation is reached after almost 1 min, for the raw rutin powder, it takes 5–10 min. For the dermal formulation the kinetics is not relevant, only the

• if the diffused rutin molecules are replaced in the dermal formulation by faster or slower dissolution. In vitro skin penetration studies showed an even higher increase in penetration when a gel with smartPearls was compared to a gel with rutin powder (pig skin penetration test, tape stripping [24

High-temperature resistive gas sensors based on ZnO/SiC nanocomposites

• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Marina N. Rumyantseva,
• Alexander S. Frolov,
• Alexey D. Yapryntsev and
• Alexander M. Gaskov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1537–1547, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.151

• precursor. In a typical procedure, 200 mg of zinc acetate was dissolved in 10 mL of mixed (1:1) solvent composed of 2-methoxyethanol and isopropanol. After complete dissolution of zinc acetate, 900 mg of PVP was added and the mixture was actively stirred for 5 h at 40 °C. The electrospinning of the polymer

Gas sensing properties of individual SnO₂ nanowires and SnO₂ sol–gel nanocomposites

• Alexey V. Shaposhnik,
• Dmitry A. Shaposhnik,
• Sergey Yu. Turishchev,
• Olga A. Chuvenkova,
• Stanislav V. Ryabtsev,
• Alexey A. Vasiliev,
• Xavier Vilanova,
• Francisco Hernandez-Ramirez and
• Joan R. Morante

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1380–1390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.136

• reaction as Metallic tin forms on the surface nanodrops, dissolving tin dioxide and the products of the incomplete oxidation of tin (SnO, Sn2O3, Sn3O4) from the argon flow. This dissolution leads finally to the saturation of tin with tin dioxide that is stable at high temperature. After this saturation

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• be done without compromise to the catalyst layer performance and durability. It is known that catalyst degradation via platinum dissolution and carbon corrosion plays an important role in the voltage degradation of PEMFCs [6][7][8]. CB, which is widely used, particularly for its low cost, suffers

• dispersing the Pt3Co/N-CNT or Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT in a 0.1 M EDTA solution and using ultrasonication. For the Pt3Co/N-CNT catalyst, the solution become purple in a few seconds, indicating the fast and easy dissolution of the Co; while for Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT, the solution become blue after a few hours. One can suppose

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• the particle size and the size distribution of the growing NPs; ii) to immobilize the NPs either on the external surface or within nanoscale spaces, e.g., pores and intracrystalline cavities; iii) to diminish/to avoid NPs aggregation; iv) to suppress the NPs dissolution; v) to yield stable suspensions

• than bare ZnO. This was attributed to the dissolution of ZnO in acidic solution, which is suppressed by the hybridization with smectites [46][92][93]. CTA-smectites treated with a hydrothermal solution intercalation method at 70 °C for 10 h lead to ZnO@CTA-montmorillonite where the ZnO NPs are either

Enhanced inhibition of influenza virus infection by peptide–noble-metal nanoparticle conjugates

• Zaid K. Alghrair,
• David G. Fernig and
• Bahram Ebrahimi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1038–1047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.104

• be determined experimentally, it would seem that the FluPep-functionalised nanoparticles may well be safe to deliver to target organs such the upper respiratory tract, a primary target for respiratory viruses including influenza. Although the mixed-matrix ligand shell largely prevents the dissolution

• of the silver, there are examples of ligand shells that allow solvent access to the silver and so the dissolution of the silver, at least under laboratory conditions [17]. Thus, it would be possible to design silver nanoparticles that act through FluPep ligand and released Ag+ ions. This would also

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• the slightly retained amorphous carbon might prevent potential dislocation and dissolution of the SnO2 particles. Conclusion The thermal oxidation of Sn-containing carbonaceous thin films on a carbon fiber surface, which was formed by sublimation, deposition, and pyrolysis of SnPc during a single-step

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• scanned on the glassy carbon surface, vivid information about the dynamics of deposit formation during discharge and dissolution during recharge is visualized in Movie 2 (Supporting Information File 3). Each of the nine areas scanned in a spiral pattern shows the similar behavior of the sudden appearance

Trapping polysulfide on two-dimensional molybdenum disulfide for Li–S batteries through phase selection with optimized binding

• Sha Dong,
• Xiaoli Sun and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 774–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.77

• ≤ 6), the final product of Li2S is formed upon discharging; and the charging process occurs through the reverse reactions [40]. The insulating nature of sulfur and the lithiation products (Li2S2 and Li2S), and the dissolution of higher-order Li2Sx (x = 4–8) are the main challenges in the application

Towards rare-earth-free white light-emitting diode devices based on the combination of dicyanomethylene and pyranine as organic dyes supported on zinc single-layered hydroxide

• Jeff L. Nyalosaso,
• Rachod Boonsin,
• Pierre Vialat,
• Damien Boyer,
• Geneviève Chadeyron,
• Rachid Mahiou and
• Fabrice Leroux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 760–770, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.75

• -Aldrich. The two-components BluesilTM RTV 141 A&B as silicon film precursors was purchased from Bluestar Silicones (Elkem France). Synthesis procedures Preparation of the zinc single-layered hydroxide (Zn-SLH) The general procedure involves the dissolution of 50 mmol ZnAc2 in 0.5 L absolute EtOH at 85 °C

Deposition of metal particles onto semiconductor nanorods using an ionic liquid

• Michael D. Ballentine,
• Elizabeth G. Embry,
• Marco A. Garcia and
• Lawrence J. Hill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 718–724, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.71

• afforded a mixture of platinum-decorated nanorods and additional platinum nanoparticles that were not attached to CdSe@CdS nanorods. For the platinum deposition conducted in toluene, the unattached platinum particles were removed by several dissolution and precipitation cycles using toluene and ethanol

Ultrasonication-assisted synthesis of CsPbBr₃ and Cs₄PbBr₆ perovskite nanocrystals and their reversible transformation

• Longshi Rao,
• Xinrui Ding,
• Xuewei Du,
• Guanwei Liang,
• Yong Tang,
• Kairui Tang and
• Jin Z. Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 666–676, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.66

• ultrasound power, corresponding to the red-shift of the PL emission peak, which is similar to the findings we recently reported [30]. While higher ultrasound power supports faster dissolution, it has also a strong impact on the homogeneity of the PNCs. For example, when the ultrasound power is 210 W, the UV

• be proven by the reduction of crystal size from 65 to 11.7 nm (Figure 1 and Figure 4). This is consistent with the findings reported by Wu and co-workers [20]. As the solubility of liquid paraffin or capping ligands in water is very low, further dissolution of CsPbBr3 PNCs is inhibited, which is

Ultrathin hydrophobic films based on the metal organic framework UiO-66-COOH(Zr)

• Miguel A. Andrés,
• Clemence Sicard,
• Christian Serre,
• Olivier Roubeau and
• Ignacio Gascón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 654–665, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.65

• the MOF dispersions and the spreading process. However, bare MOF films do not completely cover the water surface, probably due to the dissolution of MOF sMPs into the aqueous subphase. As an alternative, the fabrication of mixed MOF/surfactant films has been optimized by using octadecylphosphonic acid