Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• from STS experiments [49][50][51], it is lower than the energy observed in photoemission experiments [52]. A possible rationale is the locally lifted graphene in the presence of the tip [53], which in turn decreases the charge transfer from graphene to the metal and reduces the p-doping [52] and

• ], hybridization of the graphene defect with the metal possibly induces electron transfer into graphene giving rise to local n-doping and the Dirac cone below EF. In addition, the distortion of the graphene lattice that accompanies the increased hybridization with the surface may explain the dim rim of the vacancy

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• , and parameters were extracted. While the paper offers an overview of piezoresistance in NCG, a more in-depth study is imperative for a complete comprehension of the system’s complexity. In situ FTIR measurements could provide additional insights into changes in doping and defects with strain

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

• of MoS2 flakes produced by different methods. Among these techniques, Raman spectroscopy is widely used thanks to its convenience, non-destructiveness, and sensitivity to materials change, including strain, temperature, doping, and defects [26]. Concerning the characterization of MoS2 flakes

• factors (e.g., stacking, strain, doping, and defects), the Raman intensities measured with a single laser wavelength close to exciton energies can be affected by external factors and differ for samples elaborated by different methods. For these reasons and in the aim to use Raman spectroscopy to count the

• reported (i) as functions of a pure thermal effect (Figure 2c, red line) [43] and (ii) as functions of the doping state (Figure 2c, magenta curve) [44]. Clearly the relative shift of the A′1 mode frequency versus that of the E′ mode frequency as a function of Pλ significantly differs from the behavior

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• results due to dot doping align with the results presented in the work of Cha et al. [46], Lewińska et al. [47], and Ohring [48]. By design, quantum dots are supposed to play a different role as transport enhancers with their properties. Raman spectroscopy Raman measurements for P3HT and PCBM were

• the mechanisms and improving the cells still requires extensive research. Summary This study aimed to find out how doping active layers with a third component, specifically quantum dots, affects the properties of the layer applied in photovoltaic cells. Spectroscopic studies have been performed to

• obtained by conducting UPS analysis, and then the energy graph of the solar cell was built. Impedance spectroscopy results showed increased conductivity of the active layer upon doping with quantum dots. Current–voltage characteristics and standard parameters of photovoltaic cells were simulated for two

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• the visible range is still a challenge regarding the widespread use of this nanomaterial. Traditional methods to modify ZnO, such as doping with transition metals [24] and decorating with noble metals [25], offer additional flexibility. Doping can significantly influence the optical and electrical

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• precursor for diffusion doping of wafers and as anode material for Li-ion batteries. A similar method with a hydrogenation step offers the possibility to obtain other compounds, such as silicon selenides, arsenides, and sulfides. Keywords: ampoule annealing; defective zinc blende structure; DFT

• microcircuits through the introduction of P donors by diffusion doping of wafers with an efficiency comparable to monolayer doping [18] or ion implantation [19]. This paper outlines the successful formation of the cubic Si3P4 phase under mild conditions. The technique developed for this investigation requires

• penetration into Si NPs, in which the process was modeled as diffusion doping, samples consisted primarily of the new compound of cubic Si3P4. This fact revealed that the mechanism of Si3P4 formation may differ. For example, one might suppose that the amorphous Si layer, present in the nanocrystalline

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• metal ion doping in ZIF-8, aiming to enhance the performance of CO2 conversion, as recently reported (Figure 4a). Cho et al. revealed that Cu-doped ZIF-8 exhibited the highest catalytic activity, surpassing both Fe- and Ni-doped ZIF-8 [44]. Specifically, Cu0.5Zn0.5/ZIF-8 yielded a large FECO of 88.5% at

• /by/4.0/). (a) A graphic representation of the preparation of MzZny/ZIF-8, (b) Faradaic efficiency for the CO production using different materials, (c) diagram of free energy for CO2RR. Figure 4 was adapted from [44], J. H. Cho et al., “Transition Metal Ion Doping on ZIF-8 Enhances the Electrochemical

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• technique for the analysis of an InP/GaInAs(P) multilayer stack. KPFM reveals a strong dependence on the local doping concentration, allowing for the detection of the surface potential of layers with a resolution as low as 20 nm. The analysis of the surface potential allowed for the identification of space

• a study about the capability of cross-sectional KPFM for the study of a III–V multilayer stack under ambient conditions. In particular, we have investigated an InP/GaInAs(P) multilayer structure with layers of different widths and doping concentrations. The first objective of this analysis is the

• process in an AIXTRON “Close Coupled Showerhead” reactor (6″ × 2″) at three different surface temperatures (580/600/640 °C). The n-type AXT substrate doping was typically in the range of 3 × 1018 to 5 × 1018 cm−3 with a thickness of 500 μm. Trimethylindium (TMIn), trimethylgallium (TMGa), phosphine (PH3

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• levels of stability due to the rapid degradation of the biomolecules. Extensive research has been focused on the development of different high-performance electrode materials via modification of the materials’ surface with functional groups or doping with various metals or via the formation of

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• approaches were tried to reduce the bandgap [24] by doping with, for example, nitrogen [17]. Recent investigations have shown a possible application of TiO2 for the photocatalytic production of hydrogen from water with the aid of sacrificial agents, such as methanol, ethanol, or glycols [21][22]. There are

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• parameters of SiC can be effectively adjusted by means of morphology design [9][10][11], doping [12][13][14], and surface modification [15][16][17], thereby improving their EM absorption properties. However, the design of SiC-based absorbers with relatively high reflection loss (RLmin < −60 dB) and, at the

On the use of Raman spectroscopy to characterize mass-produced graphene nanoplatelets

• Keith R. Paton,
• Konstantinos Despotelis,
• Naresh Kumar,
• Piers Turner and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 509–521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.42

• . For example, information on flake size, extent of structural defects, chemical or electronic doping, and strain and layer number can all be extracted from one spectrum [13][14][15][16][17][18]. As such, Raman spectroscopy is widely used by producers to assess the quality of their material, in

Evaluation of electrosynthesized reduced graphene oxide–Ni/Fe/Co-based (oxy)hydroxide catalysts towards the oxygen evolution reaction

• Karolina Cysewska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Marcin Zając,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 420–433, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.34

• nanoplate network typical for CoNiFe (Figure 1). The increase in the surface area of the catalyst after mild doping of NiFe with cobalt has also been described in the literature [39]. The addition of GO to CoNiFe left the value of Cdl/ECSA of the material virtually unchanged (slightly lowered) compared to

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• engineering, doping, incorporation, and modification of suitable matrix materials. Plasmonic nanomaterials offer an alternative and attractive approach in this regard, through the flexibility in the excitation of surface plasmons. Specific advantages are the considerable improved bandwidth of the absorption

• curvature [35]. Finally, changes to the material composition, such as through doping or vacancy processing, can affect the LSPR because of changes in the free electron density, the electron effective mass, and the electronic band structure in general [36][37]. An understanding of the changes in absorbance

• lack of the required free carrier concentration. Similar to how the free carrier density of metals can be tuned by size, morphology, and refractive index of the nanomaterial, the free carrier density of semiconductors can be easily tuned by doping, temperature variations, or by phase transitions. LSPR

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• covered. The creation of Z-schemes, Schottky junctions, and heterojunctions, as well as morphological modifications, doping, and other processes are highlighted regarding the fabrication of bismuth-based photocatalysts with improved photocatalytic capabilities. A discussion of general photocatalytic

• techniques, metal/non-metal doping, introducing heterojunctions, and combining them with other materials. Synthesis approaches and performance enhancement The majority of the reported photocatalysts have been used in laboratory settings. Several fundamental requirements must be met to produce an efficient

• light absorption, weaker charge separation, and poor charge carrier mobility. Researchers are concentrating on several strategies, such as doping, heterojunction formation, induction of the surface plasmon resonance effect, and the formation of Z-schemes, Schottky junctions, and engineered composites

Structural, optical, and bioimaging characterization of carbon quantum dots solvothermally synthesized from o-phenylenediamine

• Zoran M. Marković,
• Milica D. Budimir,
• Martin Danko,
• Dušan D. Milivojević,
• Pavel Kubat,
• Danica Z. Zmejkoski,
• Vladimir B. Pavlović,
• Marija M. Mojsin,
• Milena J. Stevanović and
• Biljana M. Todorović Marković

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 165–174, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.17

• significantly, especially, by the presence and distribution of various functional groups on the basal plane and edges of carbon network, affecting, in turn, the CQD properties. Doping of CQDs with nitrogen, chlorine, or fluorine heteroatoms induces larger a transport bandgap, increased charge transfer

• surface states, precursors, preparation methods, and heteroatom doping [9]. Previous investigations showed that possible mechanisms of the CQD photoluminescence are radiative recombination of electron–hole pairs in the sp2 domains inside the sp3 matrix as well as the effect of zig-zag edges [6][18]. Apart

• graphene, depending on the doping procedure, the nitrogen moieties include graphitic N together with pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen and amino groups [37][38][39]. Bianco et al. reported recently that pyridine nitrogen can be a reactive center and activates other reactive centers at the adjacent carbon

From a free electron gas to confined states: A mixed island of PTCDA and copper phthalocyanine on Ag(111)

• Alfred J. Weymouth,
• Emily Roche and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1572–1577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.131

• consider the possibility of locally “tuning” the strength of the interface state by doping a PTCDA island with a diminishing amount of CuPc molecules and observing the interface state around them. However, at lower concentrations, CuPc does not integrate into PTCDA islands, but rather only decorates their

• borders. Therefore a gradual tuning is not possible; adding CuPc at a great enough concentration only presents the ability to form a proper mixed layer where the interface state is no longer present. Instead of doping with CuPc, another possibility to tune the interface state would be to investigate a

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• the photocatalytic performance [4][5]. Because TiO2 only exhibits photochemical activity under UV excitation, which accounts for a small fraction (ca. 4%) of the solar energy, numerous modification methods such as doping with nonmetals, coupling with other catalysts, and attaching to supports have

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• HA inhibits the thermal decomposition of HA and significantly enhances bending strength and fracture toughness [30]. It was shown as well that B2O3 in the phosphate glass composition increases its hardness and fracture toughness [31]. The doping of bioglasses with Zn and Ce has two effects. On the

Coherent amplification of radiation from two phase-locked Josephson junction arrays

• Mikhail A. Galin,
• Vladimir M. Krasnov,
• Ilya A. Shereshevsky,
• Nadezhda K. Vdovicheva and
• Vladislav V. Kurin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1445–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.119

• –120 GHz. Figure 2b shows similar data for sample-2. Here, for both arrays, Ic ≈ 2.9 mA and fc ∼ 80–100 GHz. Although the area of junctions in sample-2 is smaller, the critical current is slightly larger than in sample-1 due to higher doping of the NbSi interlayers. Note that the abrupt transition from

• a superconductive to a resistive state observed in all IVCs is typical for niobium junctions with medium doping Si interlayer 11% [18]. Resonant steps at similar voltages are observed for both pairs of arrays. As shown earlier [9][13], they are caused by standing wave (cavity mode) resonances in the

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• approaches to make it as a light-driven nanomaterial owing to its potential capabilities. The light-driven ability of HBN can be achieved through multiple strategies. These include varying the structural morphology, heterojunction formation with a suitable photocatalyst, and doping with heteroatoms. The

• carriers due to appropriate positioning of edge potentials with respect to the synergised photocatalyst [11][12][13]. The process of doping includes introduction of heteroatoms such as sulphur, oxygen, and carbon into the HBN lattice. The doping of oxygen into the HBN lattice results in the generation of

Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

• Roopakala Kottayi,
• Ilangovan Veerappan and
• Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

• al. doped Zn into AgInS2 and obtained Zn-Ag-In-S QDs. The QDSCs assembled by using these QDs exhibited a PCE of 4.50% [15]. The authors reported that the incorporation of zinc improved the optical properties and the PCE of AgInS2 QDs. Halder et al. reported the effect of doping Zn into a AgInSe2 host

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• photocatalytic effectiveness of those semiconductors is inadequate for practical environmental and energy conservation applications because of substantial electron–hole recombination and a low capacity for the absorption of visible light. Numerous attempts have been made, with an emphasis on doping, the creation

• . This gap is essential for improving the material’s light-harvesting capabilities [78][79]. Consequently, in an attempt to improve the photocatalytic efficiency for water purification and other environmental applications, a variety of techniques, such as defect formation, metal/non-metal doping

• photocatalytic processes. The absence of a metal atom would considerably affect the amount of absorbed light, the rate of charge transfer, and the number of reactive surface sites. Metal/non-metal doping Photocatalysts based on bivalent cations may be enhanced by doping them with additional elements. Self-doping

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• 77 K, a power-law dependence of µ ~ T−1.5 [37] or weaker was described in the literature [34][40]. The power law strongly depends on the doping level of the t-Te crystals [34]. In our case, a weaker dependency with α = (1.420 ± 0.001) and (1.280 ± 0.001), see Equation 2, for NW-1 and NW-2

• ionization energy of the defects found on these nanostructures also favors the control of doping and, consequently, the electrical properties of the nanowires. These superior quality transport properties demonstrate the potential use of t-Te roll-like nanostructures for electronic device applications. (a–c

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• + doping. The fluorescence was restored after further adding ascorbic acid (AA) based on a redox reaction. A rapid detection method for Fe3+ and AA was established and successfully used to detect Fe3+ and AA in human serum. The DMT-AuAgNCs were successfully prepared using 4,6-diaminopyrimidine-2-thiol (DMT