Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• branches of science and engineering. Importantly, all of these studies are directly related to the creation of nanomaterials aimed at delivering much higher efficiency for specific applications compared to their conventional counterparts. In this way, progress in nanomaterial research has seen a remarkable

• the form of publications and patents, but when it comes to translating that research into real-world products, they often withdraw support. This is not necessarily due to a lack of interest in innovation and efficiency, but rather because they are reluctant to engage in the rigorous and often

• , and manufacturing tools. Of course, the goal such tech companies are to continue to profit from legacy systems, especially since most of their competitors are not yet adopting nanomaterials, although these could offer considerably better performance, sustainability, longevity, and efficiency. The

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• methods are easy to implement and scalable but lack efficiency in open, natural environments such as Himalayan lakes and often require energy-consuming setups [43]. Research also indicates that sophisticated filtering systems, including granular activated carbon (GAC) filters, effectively capture small

• environmental factors like pH, temperature, and the availability of nutrients [50]. There has been promising development within the field of genetic engineering in relation to the creation of microbial consortiums optimized for high-efficiency degradation [46]. As reported by Rizvi et al., some fungi, such as

• them are new electrochemical technologies, membrane separation technologies, microbial technologies, and AOPs. The efficiency, mechanism, strengths, weaknesses, and applications of each technology are utilized to assess each technology. These technologies are indicative of the multidimensional

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• biological models. Determining the appropriate dosage is another crucial factor as therapeutic performance is influenced by drug loading capacity, drug release kinetics, and loading efficiency. Careful optimisation of these parameters is required to achieve effective drug delivery while minimising harm to

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• while avoiding unnecessary computational cost. We note that the substrate model is an idealized approximation chosen for consistency with our prior work [10][12] and computational efficiency. Modeling biologically realistic interfaces will require extending the present model to include stratification

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• learn about the factors determining efficiency in chiral chromatography. Obviously, a selectivity factor of more than 1.5 combined with a fraction of molecular species interacting with the surfaces of the stationary phase of the order of 20% is sufficient to reach satisfactory separation results

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• –shell nanofibers can enhance the system in various scenarios (e.g., improving formulation stability, increasing the encapsulation efficiency, and tailoring the controlled release of therapeutically active molecules [39][40]). This approach has demonstrated promising results, especially for topical drug

• specific interactions is essential for precise modulation of encapsulation efficiency, ensuring system stability and achieving tailored kinetic release. Therefore, the primary objective of this study was to thoroughly investigate lipid–polymer interactions within coaxially electrospun PLA nanofibers

• surface distribution may compromise encapsulation efficiency and alter release kinetics [76]. Surface hydrophilicity The hydrophilicity of the membranes was evaluated through contact angle measurements. Figure 10 shows photographs of a water droplet in contact with the surface of the samples: (a

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• film composition, metal oxidation states, or actual deposition efficiency. Results are also sensitive to sample purity and ionization conditions, and the method does not replicate the real gas-phase or ion-beam environments encountered in FIBID [27]. One has to mention that testing new metal-organic

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• thermodynamic temperature of Jupiter at 100 GHz is 172.6 K; the angular diameter of Jupiter is 41.68 arcsec; the BTA main mirror diameter is 6 m, and the aperture efficiency of 0.8 gives an effective area of Aeff = 22.6 m2. The solid angle occupied by Jupiter is of the order of Ω = 3.20 × 10−8 sr. The spectral

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• properties of LNPs including particle size, surface charge, and encapsulation efficiency. Subsequent sections explore the roles of PEG lipids in modulating protein corona formation and cellular uptake. The latter parts highlight the potential of functionalized PEG lipids for targeted delivery and the

• -based LNPs formulated with varying DMPE-PEG2k content from 1 to 5 mol %, changes were observed in nanoparticle diameter, polydispersity index (PDI), surface charge, and payload encapsulation efficiency (EE%). Increasing the PEG lipid content led to a reduction in the hydrodynamic diameter of LNPs, with

• fraction of PEG lipids can affect LNP characterizations. In DMPE-PEG5k LNPs, increasing the PEG lipid fraction from 1.5 mol % to 5 mol % resulted in no significant change in particle size but led to a substantial encapsulation efficiency drop from over 90% to below 80%. While in LNPs incorporating Chol-PEG

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• with complex chemical composition extracted from different parts of plants [23]. They stand out for their efficiency in combating the vector at different stages of the evolutionary cycle, especially as larvicides, wherein the mosquito is at its most vulnerable stage [24]. In addition, they can act as

• efficiency reached 85.4%, according to gas chromatography analysis. In the tests, Sprague Dawley rats received the formulation applied to their backs before being exposed to 50 female Ae. aegypti for 8 hours. The average protection was 87.81%, surpassing the pure oil (54.57%) and falling below DEET (100

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• capacitance matrix), which is defined by the capacitive coupling coefficients from Equation 6. A key property of is its sparsity, which arises directly from the local connectivity of the circuit topology; each node is connected to a small subset of other nodes. To increase computational efficiency, we

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• requirement for achieving SQL is the same as for any dispersively coupled optomechanical system, that is, operating the cavity at the optimal intracavity photon number and maximizing the measurement efficiency (κex ≈ κ, nadd ≈ 0). Operating the sensor near the optimal point requires . For a given g0 and Γ we

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• -mediated AgNPs and ZnO-NPs demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans biofilms [8][9][43], whereas in endodontics, their integration into irrigants and sealers improved disinfection efficiency against Enterococcus faecalis [44]. These findings underscore the translational

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• supply systems is a global concern due to their persistence and ability to adsorb toxic pollutants. Despite having effectiveness, conventional water treatment processes still have limited efficiency in removing MPs, especially smaller particles. Thus, it requires researchers to develop effective and

• efficiency of MPs in water supply systems, as well as the mechanisms and performance when applying these materials for treatment. In addition, the related risk of adsorbent nanomaterials is also considered. Microplastics from land-based sources and wastewater plants persist in water supplies, with

• daily life, and the potential application of adsorbent nanomaterials for MP removal. Sajid et al. provided an overview of various adsorbent materials and their efficiency [24]. However, the authors do not deeply explore the potential challenges related to large-scale applications or the integration of

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• pharmaceutical application by reducing bioavailability [18]. To overcome these limitations, the incorporation of phytol into nanostructured delivery systems, has been proposed to improve its solubility, stability, and intracellular delivery efficiency [19]. Nanotechnology-based drug delivery systems that

• formulation parameters – such as drug miscibility with the oil phase, droplet size, and size uniformity – have been directly correlated with permeation efficiency across the skin barrier [32][33]. Specifically, the encapsulation of lipophilic compounds like phytol in finely dispersed droplets within oil-in

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• phonons, and gain and loss of energy of carriers [1][2][10][17][24][25][26][27][28]. The phonon lifetime as well as the selection rules behind ph–ph and e–ph interactions determine the efficiency of such phonon emission and absorption [1][2][10][17][24][25][26][27][28]. Phonons need to be in an excited

Piezoelectricity of layered double hydroxides: perspectives regarding piezocatalysis and nanogenerators

• Evgeniy S. Seliverstov,
• Evgeniya A. Tarasenko and
• Olga E. Lebedeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1812–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.124

• different thicknesses were investigated for the piezo-photocatalytic degradation of carbamazepine [6]. The ultrathin samples achieved an efficiency of 95.8% with a reaction rate constant of 0.148 min−1. This effect was attributed to the higher sensitivity of ultrathin LDH sheets to both light irradiation

• for activating peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to degrade norfloxacin [9]. The obtained catalyst demonstrated effective degradation within 15 min, achieving a degradation efficiency of 91.50% and a rate constant of 0.1644 min−1. In this study, the main PMS activation mechanism was non-radical. The

• -LDH alone. The authors proposed that the enhanced efficiency was due to the interaction between the lamellar structure of Zn/Al-LDH and the piezoelectric attributes of BaTiO3, along with heterojunctions within the BaTiO3/LDH composite. However, this study raises doubts concerning the successful

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• spectral range, enhancing light absorption and enabling the utilization of a broader portion of the solar spectrum [19]. These combined effects result in a significantly higher photocatalytic efficiency of implanted samples compared to their non-implanted samples, both in terms of reaction rate and quantum

• × 1012 cm−2, there is a slight increase in photocatalytic activity, but the value is significantly lower than at the same fluence with an energy of 20 keV. A similar decrease in efficiency was observed at higher fluences. It is evident that roughness can affect the photocatalytic properties of GO as seen

• implantation energy. A comparison of these morphological characteristics with the photocatalytic results shows that the highest efficiency is achieved using samples with moderate nanoscale roughness, that is, GO implanted with 20 keV at a fluence of 3.75 × 1012 cm−2 (RMS = 102 nm, k ≈ 0.0033 min−1) and PI

Exploring the potential of polymers: advancements in oral nanocarrier technology

• Rousilândia de Araujo Silva,
• Igor Eduardo Silva Arruda,
• Luise Lopes Chaves,
• Mônica Felts de La Roca Soares and
• Jose Lamartine Soares Sobrinho

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1751–1793, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.122

• biodistribution while preventing undesirable interactions and degradation before reaching target tissues and cells [10]. Moreover, by overcoming the biological and chemical barriers of the body, nanotechnology increases the efficiency and effectiveness of therapeutic and diagnostic regimens, offering less

• adjustments in the disassembly pH can optimize this mechanism, which must occur during the endo/lysosomal pathway to minimize cytotoxic effects. This highlights the significance of polymeric chemical functionality as a key factor for escape efficiency [85]. Once endocytosis followed by endosomal escape occurs

• these mechanisms and developing optimized nanocarrier systems are essential to enhance therapeutic efficiency, minimize adverse effects, and expand the potential for oral administration of PNs. 4 Polymer based nanoparticles for oral administration 4.1 Nanoparticles: oral administration based on natural

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• efficiency. However, only a small fraction of nucleotides of the full-length aptamers obtained by SELEX are critical for interacting with the target protein. Given the propensity of non-essential nucleotide regions to induce steric constraints and nonspecific binding, systematic bioinformatic analysis

• drug loading and release efficiency with nanomaterials as carriers, significantly optimizing the treatment mode of EC. 2 Searching core literature In order to better summarize the application of aptamers in the diagnosis, treatment, and drug delivery of EC, we searched for keywords in the PubMed and

• drug delivery system may be an important means to treat EC and other diseases in the future. To enhance delivery efficiency and therapeutic outcomes, researchers have developed various aptamer–drug conjugation strategies, primarily including: (1) covalent conjugation of aptamers with siRNA for precise

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• direction, the imaged sample area is not exactly the same in both scans. Therefore, the images were cropped to the same sample region for comparability. Additionally, the bit type of the images was reduced to 8-bit for computational efficiency, which reduced the computational time with negligible loss of

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• and mechanisms in single-atom catalysis. 2D confined catalysis Confined catalysis is an emerging field that investigates how spatial constraints can influence the efficiency, selectivity, and performance of catalytic reactions. This approach leverages the principles of confinement within various

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• ]. Additionally, the use of biomimetic nanoparticles, including exosome-based delivery systems and cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, has shown promise in improving targeting efficiency and immune evasion [18][19]. Despite these advances, significant challenges remain, including nanoparticle stability in

• absence of a carrier substance [104][106][107]. In short, this technology reduces adverse effects and environmental risks, mainly due to the greater use of natural products over synthetic ones, and promotes increased stability and drug load efficiency [104][108]. For example, patent CN114129571 (2022

• editing efficiency, MTT assay, and flow cytometry tests were carried out to observe the therapeutic activity of the technology. The results demonstrated that the nanoparticles increased targeting and internalization, had a knockout rate of 80%, and exhibited better inhibition of HepG2 cell proliferation

Venom-loaded cationic-functionalized poly(lactic acid) nanoparticles for serum production against Tityus serrulatus scorpion

• Philippe de Castro Mesquita,
• Karla Samara Rocha Soares,
• Manoela Torres-Rêgo,
• Emanuell dos Santos-Silva,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva-Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1633–1643, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.115

• polyethylenimine for loading peptides and proteins of T. serrulatus venom, and their use as a potential immunoadjuvant was evaluated. The protein loading efficiency of about 100% and the polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assay confirmed the success of venom loading. Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential

• aim to evaluate the effectiveness of biodegradable PLA polymeric nanoparticles functionalized with PEI as an adjuvant and potential candidate for vaccine delivery against T. serrulatus venom. Results Protein loading efficiency of the Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom The T. serrulatus venom protein

• (*p < 0.05), without significantly altering the zeta potential (Table 1). A polydispersity index (PDI) smaller than 0.3 was required for all the analyses. The quantification of proteins by the bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay showed an encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 100% for all samples containing T