Polymer nanoparticles from low-energy nanoemulsions for biomedical applications

• Santiago Grijalvo and
• Carlos Rodriguez-Abreu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 339–350, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.29

• targeting Renilla luciferase mRNA. Gene inhibition showed an optimum efficiency (40%) at a given nanoparticle/antisense oligonucleotide ratio, which is promising for in vitro cell transfection. When water was replaced with PBS (0.16 M) for the PIC preparation of nanoemulsions starting from

• were obtained upon solvent removal. High colloidal stability (longer than three months without sedimentation), high encapsulation efficiency (>99%), slow drug release (only 15% of the drug after five days), and low cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (cell viability > 80%) were observed. In vivo tests

Overview of mechanism and consequences of endothelial leakiness caused by metal and polymeric nanoparticles

• Magdalena Lasak and
• Karol Ciepluch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 329–338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.28

• vascular endothelial dysfunction include physiological processes (e.g., aging) or environmental factors such as a high-fat diet. These conditions are accompanied by an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which, combined with impaired efficiency of antioxidant systems are one of the most

Quasi-guided modes resulting from the band folding effect in a photonic crystal slab for enhanced interactions of matters with free-space radiations

• Kaili Sun,
• Yangjian Cai,
• Uriel Levy and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 322–328, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.27

• all GMs are infinite since we ignore the material absorption in the lossless dielectrics. When the period-doubling perturbation is applied and the new QGMs are formed because of the folding of the FBZ, the coupling efficiency between free-space radiation and the QGMs is still very low, leading to the

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• mechanical stability against photocorrosion; (c) high efficiency in quantum conversion; (d) fast generation and efficient transfer of photocarriers (e− and h+); and (e) slow recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers. The nanopowder photocatalysts must also exhibit easy and rapid recovery from the

• solution with adequate reusability, that is, without noticeable loss of efficiency. Several strategies are currently used to achieve the listed features, including tuning of size, morphology, and particle dimensions. Also, the composition of the photocatalyst is varied yielding core–shell structures

• : Heterojunctions, which are the interfaces between two different semiconductors, increase the charge carrier separation efficiency with increased kinetics and strong redox ability. This enhances the photocatalytic capabilities of photocatalysts [101][119][156][157][158][159][160][161]. Depending on how the

Biocatalytic synthesis and ordered self-assembly of silica nanoparticles via a silica-binding peptide

• Mustafa Gungormus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 280–290, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.25

• achieve ordered nanostructures [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Although these methods can increase the efficiency of the self-assembly, they can also complicate the fabrication process further, sometimes even more than the top-down approaches. Therefore, there is still a need for simple methods to synthesize

• the particles through a capping agent-like effect. (3) The SiBP can increase the efficiency of the self-assembly by modifying the net surface charge of the particle. To test these hypotheses, we have synthesized SiO2 particles with the Stöber method using the SiBP as the only catalyst or in

• scattering (DLS). The efficiency of the self-assembly was evaluated with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–vis spectroscopy, and qualitative visual demonstration. Results and Discussion SiBP alone as catalyst Reaction kinetics were studied via OD measurements of the particles and GC analysis of

Recent progress in cancer cell membrane-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications

• Qixiong Lin,
• Yueyou Peng,
• Yanyan Wen,
• Xiaoqiong Li,
• Donglian Du,
• Weibin Dai,
• Wei Tian and
• Yanfeng Meng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 262–279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.24

• diseases, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, cancer cell membrane-encapsulated nanoparticles show improved effectiveness and efficiency in combination with current diagnostic and therapeutic methods, which will contribute to the development of individualized treatments. This strategy has promising

• disciplines, such as nanomaterials science, mechanical engineering, pharmacology, and clinical medicine. Nanoparticle (NP)-based therapeutics are uniquely able to improve drug loading efficiency, control drug release, and protect drug molecules against undesired degradation [1][2]. NPs are widely used in

• of safety and efficiency. However, there are still many inadequacies that limit the application of nanoformulations in biomedicine, including limited tumor penetration and insufficient specificity. Furthermore, nanoformulations are often recognized as foreign materials by the reticuloendothelial

Nanotechnology – a robust tool for fighting the challenges of drug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer

• Filip Gorachinov,
• Fatima Mraiche,
• Diala Alhaj Moustafa,
• Ola Hishari,
• Yomna Ismail,
• Jensa Joseph,
• Maja Simonoska Crcarevska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Nikola Geskovski and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 240–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.23

Cyclodextrins as eminent constituents in nanoarchitectonics for drug delivery systems

• Makoto Komiyama

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 218–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.21

• charges of high density can damage the membranes and organelles of normal cells. With the use of CyD-based DDSs, however, high transfection efficiency and low cytotoxicity have been accomplished with minimal immune stimulation. The preorganized three-dimensional molecular structure of CyD as well as the

• efficiency of ROS production is reduced through self-quenching. In order to solve this problem, CyDs are very useful. In Figure 7A, two permethylated β-CyD molecules were connected by a linker to form a β-CyD dimer (CD2), whereas a porphyrin was conjugated with two adamantine molecules (TPP-Ad2) [74]. From

• hindrance between the β-CyD units. Accordingly, 1O2 was efficiently generated by irradiation with 660 nm light since self-quenching of the photosensitizers was minimized. By using a photochromic switch moiety (two CyDs bridged with diarylethene), the efficiency of PDT was photo-regulated [75]. In order to

Concentration-dependent photothermal conversion efficiency of gold nanoparticles under near-infrared laser and broadband irradiation

• Vikas,
• Raj Kumar and
• Sanjeev Soni

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 205–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.20

• Organisation, Sector-30C, Chandigarh-160030, India 10.3762/bjnano.14.20 Abstract The photothermal conversion efficiency of gold different nanoparticles (GNPs) in different concentrations (1.25–20 µg/mL) and at different irradiation intensities of near-infrared (NIR) broadband and NIR laser irradiation is

• evaluated. Results show that for a concentration of 20.0 µg/mL, 40 nm gold nanospheres, 25 × 47 nm gold nanorods (GNRs), and 10 × 41 nm GNRs show a 4–110% higher photothermal conversion efficiency under NIR broadband irradiation than under NIR laser irradiation. Broadband irradiation seems suitable to

• attain higher efficiencies for the nanoparticles whose absorption wavelength is different from the irradiation wavelength. Lower concentrations (1.25–5 µg/mL) of such nanoparticles show 2–3 times higher efficiency under NIR broadband irradiation. For GNRs of sizes 10 × 38 nm and 10 × 41 nm, the different

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• electrode. The oxygen reduction efficiency of both commercial catalysts is similar (Figure 5a, Table 2), but the catalyst HiSpec 3000 has a small advantage due to the lower percentage of hydrogen peroxide in the oxygen reduction products (Figure 5d). The fabricated catalysts of series A, B, C, and D also

• . The durability of fabricated catalysts in RRDE tests is, after all, proportional to the amount of deposited platinum. Efficiency of manufactured catalysts in a fuel cell system Fabricated materials A, B, C, and D were used to make electrodes to investigate the efficiency of the fabricated Pt-based

• , and the current increase when the water leaves the cell. Considering the polarization curves and the maximum power density of the cells (Table 2, Figure 7), material B shows the highest efficiency in the cell, while material A is slightly behind it. The open-circuit voltage of the cell, corresponding

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• explains the origin of the low radiative power efficiency. Finally, I discuss the design of an optimized Josephson patch oscillator capable of reaching high efficiency and radiation power for emission into free space. Keywords: antenna theory; cavity modes; Josephson effect; terahertz radiation

• , developed by Koshelets and co-workers show a remarkable performance in terms of tunability and linewidth [6][9][12]. However, they emit very little power into free space [11][13][15][16]. The low radiation power efficiency, that is, the ratio of radiated to dissipated power, is commonly attributed to a

• , and power efficiency. The model explains the origin of the low power efficiency for emission in free space and clarifies which parameters can be changed to improve the FFO characteristics. Finally, I discuss the design of a Josephson patch oscillator that can reach high power for emission in free

Batch preparation of nanofibers containing nanoparticles by an electrospinning device with multiple air inlets

• Dong Wei,
• Chengwei Ye,
• Adnan Ahmed and
• Lan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 141–150, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.15

• . It was found that, when the applied voltage was 40 kV (Figure 2e), less jet formation and low spinning efficiency were achieved. When the voltage was 60 kV (Figure 2f), more but unstable jets were formed due to too high electric field intensity, which would result in coarser fibers and fiber bundles

Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• efficiency compared to that of Au, Ag nanoparticles (NPs) are prone to oxidation. Moreover, they are less thermodynamically stable leading to morphology variation and ultimately to deterioration of their SERS efficiency [13][14]. Besides that, most studies report on the high SERS properties for NPs in

• Influence of the initial Ag content and dealloying time The nanoporous structure was tailored to obtain the best SERS efficiency for the detection of rhodamine B (RhB). First, the influence of the dealloying time on the morphology was evaluated. Samples with 30 atom % of Ag were synthesized and the

• samples dealloyed for 60 min in HCl and that for three selected Ag compositions is reported in Table 1. The sample showing the best SERS efficiency (i.e., AlAg30) is also the one with the highest concentration of Ag (54 atom %) and the lowest carbon concentration (9.1 atom %) on the surface. Besides the

Frontiers of nanoelectronics: intrinsic Josephson effect and prospects of superconducting spintronics

• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Horst Hahn and
• Vladimir Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 79–82, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.9

• , which is now showing slowing-down and failure signs [2]. It is evident that a radical reduction in energy consumption through efficiency improvement is needed and has become one of the main goals in the development of new supercomputers. For example, the powerful modern supercomputer TIANHE-2, a massive

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

• Samuel M. Sousa,
• Helane L. O. Morais,
• Joyce C. C. Santos,
• Ana Paula M. Barboza,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Elisângela S. Pinto and
• Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

• -layer-to-bulk mass ratio, and 1D/2D/3D shape characteristics also varied. Table 3 gives a summary of the efficiency of each medium in producing flakes with the listed size and shape features. Our procedure puts to use previously published flake analysis methodology, highlighting the importance of

Atmospheric water harvesting using functionalized carbon nanocones

• Fernanda R. Leivas and
• Marcia C. Barbosa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1–10, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.1

• [17]. This beetle has hydrophilic spots on its back, which transform vapor into liquid water. For the collection to be efficient, below the hydrophilic spots, its wings are hydrophobic, and the captured water moves from hydrophilic to hydrophobic parts driven by gravity. The efficiency of this process

Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• 17.6 × 10−3 Ω−1 of the the annealed structure. The results indicate that the laser annealing could improve the efficiency of the transparent conductive layer, which can be potentially applied in optoelectronic devices. Keywords: indium tin oxide (ITO); laser annealing; molybdenum (Mo); Nd:YAG

• figure of merit of the ITO/Mo structure showed a significant enhancement from 6.63 × 10−4 to 17.6 × 10−3 Ω−1. The results prove that laser annealing enhances the optoelectronic efficiency properties of the thin film. This can be applied to many applications, including solar cells, flat panels, LEDs, and

Observation of collective excitation of surface plasmon resonances in large Josephson junction arrays

• Roger Cattaneo,
• Mikhail A. Galin and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1578–1588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.132

• range of 0.1–10 THz are characterized by a low power efficiency [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Josephson junctions (JJs) can generate tunable terahertz radiation in a broad frequency range, from sub-terahertz in low-Tc superconductors [7][8][9], to tens of terahertz in high-Tc superconductors [10][11][12][13][14

• matching with free space and improves the radiation power efficiency. The cavity modes in the electrodes are excited collectively by the JJs, which are, in turn, mutually phase-locked by the modes. This provides a positive feedback mechanism allowing for the synchronization of large arrays without direct

• suppression of Is corresponds to the absorbed MW power, Pa ≃ ≃ 30 nW. Thus, we can perform an absolute calibration of the absorbed power as a function of the detector resistance, as shown in Figure 6f. The absorbed power depends on the absorption efficiency, γ, the antenna area, Aa, and the power density

From a free electron gas to confined states: A mixed island of PTCDA and copper phthalocyanine on Ag(111)

• Alfred J. Weymouth,
• Emily Roche and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1572–1577, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.131

• include a metal–organic interface. At this interface, it is important to be able to modify the band structure to optimize the efficiency of a device [1]. One of the most successful methods to change the electronic structure of a molecular semiconductor device is to add a second molecular species either at

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• efficiency. Through a comparison of MoS2/TNAs and g-C3N4/TNAs, it was found that TNAs modified with MoS2 and g-C3N4 exhibited a current density of, respectively, 210.6 and 139.6 μA·cm−2 at an overpotential of 1.23 V vs RHE, which is 18.2 and 12 times higher than that of pure TNAs under the same conditions

• , which can improve the charge transfer states [33][34]. These two low-bandgap semiconductors improved considerably the PEC water splitting efficiency [35][36]. However, the fabrication of MoS2/TNAs and g-C3N4/TNAs has many disadvantages such as high synthesis temperatures, the requirement of a binder, or

• expensive synthesis equipment [29][36][37][38]. In this study, we compare properties and PEC water splitting efficiency of TNAs combined with the typical 2D materials MoS2 and g-C3N4 obtained with the same synthesis procedure. Insightful studies about optical and electronic properties have been conducted to

Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• the organic compounds are discussed, as well as their influence on the degradation reaction rates. The degradation efficiency in photocatalytic processes was higher for DBMP (98%) than for phenol (approximately 50%). This proves the high efficiency of magnetite in the photocatalytic degradation of

• halogenated aromatic pollutants. The particularly high degradation efficiency regarding halogen-containing DBMP molecules and the yield of bromide ions indicate that DBMP degradation follows a mixed reduction–oxidation mechanism. DBMP molecules interact with the magnetite surface, enabling them to react with

• designing an effective photocatalytic process. The factors that influence photocatalytic efficiency include the photocatalyst bandwidth, the recombination rate of photogenerated electron–hole pairs, the use of solar energy, and problems with catalyst degradation. Magnetite is a common auxiliary mineral in

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• irradiation is significantly higher than that prepared by TiO2 (vs Ag/AgCl). The low charge capacity of the TiO2@MWCNTs electrode–electrolyte interface hinders the recombination of the photogenerated electrons and holes, which contributes to the enhancement of the solar-to-hydrogen (STH) conversion efficiency

• . The average STH conversion efficiency of the TiO2@MWCNTs electrode under solar exposure from 6 AM to 5 PM is 11.1%, 8.88 times higher than that of a TiO2 electrode. The findings suggested TiO2@MWCNTs is a feasible nanomaterial to fabricate the photoanode using photoelectrochemical water splitting

• mesoscale TiO2 [2][3]. This results in an improvement of the photon efficiency of TiO2 nanoparticles. Reducing the dimension of the photocatalyst favors not only a bandgap shift to the visible-light region but, unfortunately, also the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes (e−/h+), which limits

Rapid and sensitive detection of box turtles using an electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a gold/graphene nanocomposite

• Abu Hashem,
• M. A. Motalib Hossain,
• Ab Rahman Marlinda,
• Mohammad Al Mamun,
• Khanom Simarani and
• Mohd Rafie Johan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1458–1472, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.120

• large surface area, high electrical conductivity and electron transfer rate, and it can immobilise diverse molecules, which is ideal for biosensor design [37][38][42]. On the other hand, AuNPs offer outstanding characteristics such as biocompatibility, conductivity, catalytic efficiency, density, and

• when different electrodes are modified [57][58][59]. Optimisation of experimental parameters The hybridisation efficiency has a significant impact on the selectivity and sensitivity of biosensors. In order to enhance the hybridisation efficiency, hybridisation conditions of the DNA probe with the

• hybridisation state remained stable, and this time was chosen for the subsequent investigations. The hybridisation efficiency linearly increases from 10 to 30 min, following a small increase between 30 and 40 min, and remains almost constant after 40 min until the end (70 min). This indicates that no more

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• could be associated stably to Au-LNPs, and the release of BODIPY from AB-LNPs could be accelerated by laser irradiation. AB-LNPs are scalable and showed excellent photothermal effects. AB-LNPs showed enhanced cellular uptake efficiency compared to free BODIPY in 4T1 breast cancer cells. Under laser

• organic PTAs, boron dipyrromethenes (BODIPYs) have attracted increasing attention because of high molar absorption coefficient and photochemical stability [11]. Besides, fabricating BODIPYs with halogenated substituents can improve the photothermal conversion efficiency during PTT [12]. However, BODIPYs

• -LNPs with optimized particle size and polydispersity index (PDI), and then mixed BDP with Au-LNPs to obtain both Au- and BDP-grafted LNPs (AB-LNPs). The physiochemical characteristics, the photothermal properties, and the stabilities of AB-LNPs were studied in detail. The cellular uptake efficiency and

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• affect the efficiency of NPs in the treatment of diseases. Therefore, a reliable and optimized encapsulation is crucial for drug delivery systems. Determining the encapsulation efficiency (EE) and drug loading (DL) is also the basic method to measure the number of drug molecules entrapped in the

• nanoparticles for experimental studies and dose calculations [45]. EE and DL of DCX-loaded nanoparticle formulations are documented in Table 2. The EE values of DCX-PLGA and CS/DCX-PLGA were 46.18% and 69.04%, respectively (p < 0.05). CS as a coating material led to an increase in encapsulation efficiency of

• the NPs. In the literature, there are several studies claiming that CS enhances the entrapment efficiency of NP systems [46][47][48]. While CS coats the surface of the NP, it also allows for the adsorption of the drug molecules on the NP surface [49]. Thus, NPs can entrap more drug molecules. Our