Improving the catalytic activity for hydrogen evolution of monolayered SnSe_2(1−x)S_2x by mechanical strain

• Sha Dong and
• Zhiguo Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1820–1827, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.173

• between 1.85 and 1.99 eV by varying x from 0 to 1. Other 2D-TMDs alloy nanosheets, such as Mo1−xWxSe2 [39] and WS2(1−x)Se2x [40][41], have also shown tuneable bandgaps and different electrical properties by varying the value of x. Monolayer SnS2 and SnSe2 have indirect bandgaps of 2.1 and 1.1 eV

Nanoscale electrochemical response of lithium-ion cathodes: a combined study using C-AFM and SIMS

• Jonathan Op de Beeck,
• Nouha Labyedh,
• Alfonso Sepúlveda,
• Valentina Spampinato,
• Alexis Franquet,
• Thierry Conard,
• Philippe M. Vereecken,
• Wilfried Vandervorst and
• Umberto Celano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1623–1628, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.154

•  1a. The three samples mentioned above are all deposited on a metallic current collector (Ni or Pt) on top of a silicon wafer. Spatially resolved electrical properties are observed with nanometer resolution by scanning a biased conductive AFM tip across the top surface. Unless specified otherwise, we

• utilization. The latter could be representative of the known fact that lithium shows a strong tendency to be localized and often is trapped at grain boundaries [13]. However, while C-AFM proves to be very useful to sense the electrical properties of the cathode materials, including the areal distribution and

• Li-rich and Li-deficient areas. A striking correspondence (for example in Figure 2a, boxes 1–3) between the highly conductive regions and the high Li-concentration regions can be observed indicating the relation between electrical properties the chemical composition of that area. In other words, our

Absence of free carriers in silicon nanocrystals grown from phosphorus- and boron-doped silicon-rich oxide and oxynitride

• Daniel Hiller,
• Julian López-Vidrier,
• Keita Nomoto,
• Michael Wahl,
• Wolfgang Bock,
• Tomáš Chlouba,
• František Trojánek,
• Sebastian Gutsch,
• Margit Zacharias,
• Dirk König,
• Petr Malý and
• Michael Kopnarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1501–1511, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.141

• , optical and electrical properties of P- and B-incorporating Si NCs in both embedding dielectrics. We will show that, despite some minor differences in the four different sample configurations, no free carriers associated to a doping behaviour of P or B are observed. Experimental Superlattices of SiO2 and

• used at H2 anneals to passivate Si-DBs (450–500 °C). Such a H-passivation mechanism of dopants requires their substitutional incorporation, which occurs apparently only in very small fractions for dopants in Si NCs (see section Electrical properties below). Therefore, neither from experimental evidence

• nor from fundamental considerations, it can be argued that the doping effect of P or B in Si NCs is obscured by H2-passivation. In contrast, the passivation of DB-defects at the Si/SiO2 interface often improves the interpretability of the measured data. Electrical properties If free charge carriers

Tailoring polarization and magnetization of absorbing terahertz metamaterials using a cut-wire sandwich structure

• Hadi Teguh Yudistira,
• Shuo Liu,
• Tie Jun Cui and
• Han Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1437–1447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.136

• . Equation 3 can be simplified as Equation 4 shows that a high imaginary refractive index is required to achieve zero transmittance. To achieve high absorbance, the impedance of the metamaterial should match the air impedance and the imaginary part of the refractive index value should be high. The electrical

• properties of the thin metallic bar deposited on the substrate strongly deviated from that of the bulk metallic [37]. The Drude model [38] was used for calculating the permittivity of thin gold metallic bars in the software CST microwave studio [39], where with ωp,Au = 1.38 × 1016 rad/s and ΓAu = 0.11

A novel copper precursor for electron beam induced deposition

• Caspar Haverkamp,
• George Sarau,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Ivo Utke,
• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Silke Christiansen and
• Katja Höflich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1220–1227, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.113

• investigated concerning their morphology, composition and electrical properties. Transmission and reflection spectra of planar deposits of various heights served as input for the retrieval of the complex permittivity of the copper-containing material. The obtained values were used to numerically model the

Electrostatic force spectroscopy revealing the degree of reduction of individual graphene oxide sheets

• Yue Shen,
• Ying Wang,
• Yuan Zhou,
• Chunxi Hai,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1146–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.106

• microscopy (TEM) [14] has shown color changes and atomic scale feature changes, respectively, in GO sheets after reduction. However, any changes in performance are not identified, and differentiating rGO sheets with a similar degree of reduction is difficult. Based on the changes in the electrical properties

Electro-optical interfacial effects on a graphene/π-conjugated organic semiconductor hybrid system

• Karolline A. S. Araujo,
• Luiz A. Cury,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Thales F. D. Fernandes,
• Luiz G. Cançado and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 963–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.90

• optical response, interface-induced modulation of the electrical properties of the RA–graphene hybrid system were investigated in a series of photo-assisted electric force microscopy (EFM) and scanning Kelvin probe microscopy (SKPM) measurements. Figure 4 shows a scheme of the photo-assisted EFM

Effect of annealing treatments on CeO₂ grown on TiN and Si substrates by atomic layer deposition

• Silvia Vangelista,
• Rossella Piagge,
• Satu Ek and
• Alessio Lamperti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 890–899, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.83

• growth and the oxygen vacancies, while preserving the cubic fluorite structure [12][13][14]. The electrical properties of CeO2 have been improved by performing post-deposition annealing at various temperatures [15]. In light of these previous studies, the interaction between substrate and annealing is

Synthesis and characterization of two new TiO₂-containing benzothiazole-based imine composites for organic device applications

• Anna Różycka,
• Agnieszka Iwan,
• Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz,
• Michal Filapek,
• Natalia Górska,
• Damian Pociecha,
• Marek Malinowski,
• Patryk Fryń,
• Agnieszka Hreniak,
• Jakub Rysz,
• Paweł Dąbczyński and
• Monika Marzec

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 721–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.67

• architecture of the device is more likely to be used as a photodiode (I–V characteristics at first (I) and third (III) part of spectrum) than for solar cells (small effect under illumination at fourth (IV) part of current–voltage characteristics). However, additional work is required to improve the electrical

• properties of the investigated devices. Conclusion In this work we characterize of the interaction between TiO2 in anatase form and new symmetrical and asymmetrical imines. The structural, thermal and electrochemical properties of new synthesized imines, (E,E)-(butane-1,4-diyl)bis(oxybutane-4,1-diyl) bis(4

Single-step process to improve the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube yarn

• Maria Cecilia Evora,
• Xinyi Lu,
• Nitilaksha Hiremath,
• Nam-Goo Kang,
• Kunlun Hong,
• Roberto Uribe,
• Gajanan Bhat and
• Jimmy Mays

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 545–554, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.52

• electrical properties (Young’s modulus of 1 TPa, tensile strength above 100 GPa), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials for various advanced technologies, including CNT-reinforced polymer composites [1][2]. Although many investigations have been carried out with these materials, it still remains a

Colloidal solution of silver nanoparticles for label-free colorimetric sensing of ammonia in aqueous solutions

• Alessandro Buccolieri,
• Antonio Serra,
• Gabriele Giancane and
• Daniela Manno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 499–507, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.48

• particular silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), are often considered for analytical application because of their peculiar optical and electrical properties [13]. The surface plasmon resonance (SPR) properties of metal nanoparticles are considered very useful for the use of colloidal solutions in the field of

Engineering of oriented carbon nanotubes in composite materials

• Razieh Beigmoradi,
• Abdolreza Samimi and
• Davod Mohebbi-Kalhori

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 415–435, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.41

• the CNT diameter and length are critical parameters in protein corona formation and biocompatibility [11][12]. In another research investigating the effect of aligning CNTs in composite material structures, a remarkable improvement in the electrical properties of CNT composites was observed, as

• , van der Waals) also plays a decisive role to enhance the uniformity of the CNT dispersion into the polymer matrix [136]. Therefore, to obtain the desired properties of CNT/polymer composites, such as the thermal, mechanical and electrical properties [8][10][137], the characterization of surface

Review: Electrostatically actuated nanobeam-based nanoelectromechanical switches – materials solutions and operational conditions

• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Jana Andzane and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 271–300, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.29

• electrical properties of the contact area between the NEM switching element and electrode. It should be noted that the true contact area does not need to be continuous, which becomes relevant when contact areas approach the size of the mean free path length of the electrons (e.g., for gold nanocontacts – 3.8

• 5 V [123]. Here, the switching to the off state is achieved by applying a voltage pulse, presumably causing a phonon heating driven repulsion force [123]. However, practical challenges for the use of CNTs in NEM contact switches still remain, such as dependence of electrical properties of CNTs on

Gas-assisted silver deposition with a focused electron beam

• Luisa Berger,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Iwona B. Szymanska,
• Katja Höflich,
• Mikhail N. Polyakov,
• Jakub Jurczyk,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 224–232, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.24

• the first time in FEBID and resulted in deposits with high silver content of up to 76 atom %. As verified by TEM investigations, the deposited material is composed of pure silver crystallites in a carbon matrix. It showed good electrical properties and a strong Raman signal enhancement. Interestingly

• approximately fits the edge of the respective areas of different crystallinity in both deposits, emphasizing the importance of varying electron flux within and outside the PE beam area. After confirming that the deposit consists of pure silver particles in a carbonaceous matrix its electrical properties were

Electrical properties of a liquid crystal dispersed in an electrospun cellulose acetate network

• Doina Manaila Maximean,
• Octavian Danila,
• Pedro L. Almeida and
• Constantin Paul Ganea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 155–163, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.18

• investigations of the electrical properties of an electrospun CA network with dispersed liquid crystals. Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) was performed over wide ranges of frequency and temperature to determine physical properties such as activation energy and characteristic time. The experimental results of DS were

Combined scanning probe electronic and thermal characterization of an indium arsenide nanowire

• Tino Wagner,
• Fabian Menges,
• Heike Riel,
• Bernd Gotsmann and
• Andreas Stemmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 129–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.15

• curves of the wire resistivity ρ′(x) and to avoid overfitting, we add total variation regularization terms for ρ′ and its gradient. (A complete description of the reconstruction method is given in Supporting Information File 1.) In Figure 3 we show electrical properties of the nanowire extracted through

Atomic layer deposition and properties of ZrO₂/Fe₂O₃ thin films

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Helina Seemen,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Mihkel Rähn,
• Aile Tamm,
• Kaupo Kukli,
• Aarne Kasikov,
• Joosep Link,
• Raivo Stern,
• Salvador Dueñas,
• Helena Castán and
• Héctor García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 119–128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.14

• from zirconium chloride and ferrocene precursors. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the Zr/Fe cation ratio on the film structure as well as on the magnetic and electrical properties, and to examine whether alternately deposited iron and zirconium oxides form dilute solids or

Comparative study of post-growth annealing of Cu(hfac)₂, Co₂(CO)₈ and Me₂Au(acac) metal precursors deposited by FEBID

• Marcos V. Puydinger dos Santos,
• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Artur Rydosz,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Fanny Béron,
• Kleber R. Pirota,
• Stanislav Moshkalev,
• José Alexandre Diniz and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 91–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.11

• relatively simple vacuum-based post-growth annealing protocol may be useful for other precursors as it proved to be efficient in reliably tuning the electrical properties of as-deposited FEBID materials. Finally, a H2-assisted gold purification protocol is demonstrated at temperatures around 300 °C by fully

Thermo- and electro-optical properties of photonic liquid crystal fibers doped with gold nanoparticles

• Agata Siarkowska,
• Miłosz Chychłowski,
• Daniel Budaszewski,
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Tomasz R. Woliński

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2790–2801, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.278

• this behavior to one of two explanations presented in literature. In some of the papers [26][37], this is due to the intrinsic electrical properties of NPs, which after coupling with an LC director, pass their strong reaction to external stimulation onto the host material. On the other hand, in [38

The role of ligands in coinage-metal nanoparticles for electronics

• Ioannis Kanelidis and
• Tobias Kraus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2625–2639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.263

• , and during deposition, where they may affect self-assembly, cross-linking, or sintering. The effects of ligands at all stages have implications on the electrical properties of the final particle-based materials. Finally, we review first reports on ligands in electrically conductive composites of

• in oleylamine coverage decreased the temperature required to establish physical contact between particles in dry films. Silver nanoparticles with reduced ligand coverage began to connect at approximately 100 °C and formed films with electrical properties that were superior to films of fully

• shapes; they also affect size and colloidal stability. Particle shapes can be tuned via the ligand choice while ligand length, size, ω-functionalities, and chemical nature influence shelf-life and stability of nanoparticles in dispersions. When particles are deposited, ligands affect the electrical

PTFE-based microreactor system for the continuous synthesis of full-visible-spectrum emitting cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

• Chengxi Zhang,
• Weiling Luan,
• Yuhang Yin and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2521–2529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.252

• , including displays, solar cells, lasers, light-emitting diodes and white-light generation [1][2][3][4][5][6] due to their size-tunable optical and electrical properties and excellent ability to be processed in solution. Quantum dots have gained much attention due to their promising applications. There are

Au nanostructure fabrication by pulsed laser deposition in open air: Influence of the deposition geometry

• Rumen G. Nikov,
• Anna Og. Dikovska,
• Nikolay N. Nedyalkov,
• Georgi V. Avdeev and
• Petar A. Atanasov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2438–2445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.242

• accumulation of ablated material on the substrate. The modification of the electrical properties of the nanostructures was demonstrated by irradiation by infrared light. The Au nanostructures fabricated by the proposed technology are difficult to prepare by other methods, which makes the simple implementation

• of nanoparticles, structures that have not been previously fabricated. The optical, electrical and hydrophobic properties of the samples produced were studied and discussed in relation to their morphology. The modulation of the electrical properties of the Au nanostructures by irradiation by infrared

• measured in the range from a few ohms to several kΩ. It was found that the electrical properties of nanostructures produced by PLD in open air strongly depend on the density and morphology of the structure. The columnar structure presented in Figure 4c demonstrates an electrical resistance twice as a high

Substrate and Mg doping effects in GaAs nanowires

• Perumal Kannappan,
• Nabiha Ben Sedrine,
• Jennifer P. Teixeira,
• Maria R. Soares,
• Bruno P. Falcão,
• Maria R. Correia,
• Nestor Cifuentes,
• Emilson R. Viana,
• Marcus V. B. Moreira,
• Geraldo M. Ribeiro,
• Alfredo G. de Oliveira,
• Juan C. González and
• Joaquim P. Leitão

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2126–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.212

• phase is favored [2]. In general, GaAs nanowires show a polytypic structure along the gowth axis that is characterized by the occurrence of a mixture of WZ and ZB phases [12][13][14]. This fact creates an unintentional bandgap that critically influences the optical and electrical properties of the

• Mg atom occupies cationic sites in GaAs and creates an acceptor level in bulk GaAs with an ionization energy of 28 meV [33][35][36][39][40][41]. Only a few studies have focused on the optical and electrical properties of Mg-doped GaAs nanowires. So far, reports on the influence on the physical

• electrical properties of the nanowires. For a free-charge carrier density of p ≈ 1016 cm−3 in p-type bulk GaAs [65], mobilities in the order of 300–350 cm2/Vs are expected. These values are one to three orders of magnitude higher than those obtained here for Mg-doped p-type GaAs nanowires (μ ≈ 0.3–39 cm2/Vs

High-stress study of bioinspired multifunctional PEDOT:PSS/nanoclay nanocomposites using AFM, SEM and numerical simulation

• Alfredo J. Diaz,
• Hanaul Noh,
• Tobias Meier and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2069–2082, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.207

• blue end of the spectrum and decreases when moving into the red, which is the typical behavior for PEDOT:PSS films [30]. The most relevant feature of PEDOT:PSS is its high electrical conductivity. Localized electrical properties of nanocomposites have been widely studied using C-AFM [32][33]. In C-AFM

• [34], a conductive nanoscale probe is scanned in continuous contact (static mode) with the sample while obtaining the topography. The local current is mapped by applying a bias voltage. The electrical properties of the nanocomposites were investigated using C-AFM and compared to the bare polymer. In C

• improves the mechanical properties without considerably affecting the electrical properties or the distribution of the conducting paths. For these reasons, the rest of this thin film investigation is focused on thin and transparent Laponite RD nanocomposites, which may have greater applicability as stiffer

A comparative study of the nanoscale and macroscale tribological attributes of alumina and stainless steel surfaces immersed in aqueous suspensions of positively or negatively charged nanodiamonds

• Colin K. Curtis,
• Antonin Marek,
• Alex I. Smirnov and
• Jacqueline Krim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2045–2059, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.205

• negatively charged (carboxylated) NDs for the surfaces with contrasting electrical properties, namely insulating ceramic (alumina) and electrically conducting (stainless steel) surfaces immersed in suspensions of either positively (hydroxylated) or negatively charged (carboxylated) NDs (Figure 2). The QCM

• materials with contrasting electrical properties, namely alumina and stainless steel. Adapted with permission from [9], copyright 2015, Royal Society of Chemistry. Representative friction coefficient versus time plots for alumina (left) and stainless steel (right) contacts lubricated with pure DI water