Know your full potential: Quantitative Kelvin probe force microscopy on nanoscale electrical devices

• Amelie Axt,
• Ilka M. Hermes,
• Victor W. Bergmann,
• Niklas Tausendpfund and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1809–1819, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.172

• [20]. This so-called stray capacitance [35] can decrease the lateral resolution by averaging the surface potential over a larger area. To reduce the effect of the long-ranged electrostatic interaction of the cantilever, force gradient detection can be used [18][20][23]. The presence of a tip–sample

• capacitance. Thus, FM detection is more sensitive to the electrostatic interaction of the tip apex with the sample surface [20]. Originally, the peroiodic oscillations in Δf were directly detected by means of a phased-locked loop in non-contact AFM under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. An elegant way of

Interaction-tailored organization of large-area colloidal assemblies

• Silvia Rizzato,
• Elisabetta Primiceri,
• Anna Grazia Monteduro,
• Adriano Colombelli,
• Angelo Leo,
• Maria Grazia Manera,
• Roberto Rella and
• Giuseppe Maruccio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1582–1593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.150

• Avogadro’s number, kB is Boltzmann’s constant, T is the absolute temperature and is the ionic strength whereby the electrolyte solution contains ion of type i with valence zi and molar concentration ci. Therefore, the strength of electrostatic interaction between the colloidal particles on the surface can

• removal of the particles not properly absorbed to the substrate by electrostatic interaction. Immersing the still wet sample in a boiling water bath allows preservation of the electrostatically assembled, ordered structure by increasing the particle contact area (and adhesion) on the substrate surface [24

Correlative electrochemical strain and scanning electron microscopy for local characterization of the solid state electrolyte Li_1.3Al_0.3Ti_1.7(PO₄)₃

• Nino Schön,
• Deniz Cihan Gunduz,
• Shicheng Yu,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Roland Schierholz and
• Florian Hausen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1564–1572, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.148

• structure, exhibits an anisotropic reaction upon lithium intercalation; the a-axis contracts while the c-axis expands with the transformation from LiTi2(PO4)3 to Li3Ti2(PO4)3 [32]. Hence, LATP might show similar behavior upon (de)-lithiation and its electrostatic interaction can be expected to be strongly

Colorimetric detection of Cu²⁺ based on the formation of peptide–copper complexes on silver nanoparticle surfaces

• Gajanan Sampatrao Ghodake,
• Surendra Krishna Shinde,
• Rijuta Ganesh Saratale,
• Avinash Ashok Kadam,
• Ganesh Dattatraya Saratale,
• Asad Syed,
• Fuad Ameen and
• Dae-Young Kim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1414–1422, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.134

• sensitivity toward Cu2+ ions. The C 1s, O 1s, N 1s, and Ag 3d peaks originating from the AgNPs surface are shown in the XPS survey spectrum (Figure 2a). The presence of O1s and N1s peaks after centrifugation indicates that the capping with casein peptides through electrostatic interaction was stable and

Electrodeposition of reduced graphene oxide with chitosan based on the coordination deposition method

• Mingyang Liu,
• Yanjun Chen,
• Chaoran Qin,
• Zheng Zhang,
• Shuai Ma,
• Xiuru Cai,
• Xueqian Li and
• Yifeng Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1200–1210, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.111

•  1a. In this approach, the 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan-modified graphene oxide (HACC-GO) was prepared at first through the noncovalent electrostatic interaction between 2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) and graphene oxide (GO), and subsequently the HACC

Nanoscale mapping of dielectric properties based on surface adhesion force measurements

• Ying Wang,
• Yue Shen,
• Xingya Wang,
• Zhiwei Shen,
• Bin Li,
• Jun Hu and
• Yi Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 900–906, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.84

• electrostatic interaction region, but the adhesion mapping in PF-QNM mode works on the sample surface all the time, no matter if the AFM tip is biased or not. This result proves that adhesion force mapping under a biased AFM tip has the same capacity as SPFM to distinguish local dielectric distribution, but has

Kinetics of solvent supported tubule formation of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax on highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) investigated by atomic force microscopy

• Sujit Kumar Dora,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Wilhelm Barthlott and
• Klaus Wandelt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 468–481, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.45

• fluid hydrophobic surface, e.g., chloroform or hexane surfaces, by Scatena et al. [41] demonstrated a stronger electrostatic interaction between the organic surface and water than between the water molecules due to their intramolecular hydrogen-bridge bonding. This finding may also be applicable in our

Photocatalytic and adsorption properties of TiO₂-pillared montmorillonite obtained by hydrothermally activated intercalation of titanium polyhydroxo complexes

• Mikhail F. Butman,
• Nikolay L. Ovchinnikov,
• Nikita S. Karasev,
• Nataliya E. Kochkina,
• Alexander V. Agafonov and
• Alexandr V. Vinogradov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 364–378, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.36

• 100 minutes. The kinetics of dye adsorption on all pillared materials under study is amenable to the pseudo-first order kinetic model. The electrostatic interaction (negative charge of modified clay particles) was found to be related to a high adsorption capacity in removing cationic dyes as compared

• a result of the aggregation of hydroxo complexes under hydrothermal conditions. Data on the zeta potentials for the particles of all samples dispersed in double distilled water are shown in Table 3. The value of this parameter is often used as a measure of attractive/repulsive electrostatic

• interaction forces between the particles and provides information on the charge state of the surface of particles in the suspension. It is worth noting that all the samples possess negative values of the zeta potential in water. As is evident from Table 3, the zeta potential values for TiO2-PMMx ranged from

Photobleaching of YOYO-1 in super-resolution single DNA fluorescence imaging

• Joseph R. Pyle and
• Jixin Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2296–2306, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.229

• (0.4 mL/min) that is capable of stretching the DNA molecules. The DNA is negatively charged and the surface is positively charged in the buffer solution. Thus, the electrostatic interaction between them provides the immobilization force for the DNA molecules. The stretched DNA molecules are visualized

• W cm−2 slope which is consistent with the theoretical calculation. Note that this is only tested at the fixed flow rate and frame rate. This agreement suggests that under this condition, the electrostatic interaction between YOYO-1 and DNA does not provide an effective area for the YOYO-1 to bind

The effect of the electrical double layer on hydrodynamic lubrication: a non-monotonic trend with increasing zeta potential

• Dalei Jing,
• Yunlu Pan and
• Xiaoming Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1515–1522, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.152

• pairs of ceramics which have numerous applications of water as a lubricant. EDL is a physical structure spontaneously formed near the charged solid–liquid interface due to the electrostatic interaction between the charged interface and free ions within the liquid when the interface is charged due to

A biofunctionalizable ink platform composed of catechol-modified chitosan and reduced graphene oxide/platinum nanocomposite

• Peter Sobolewski,
• Agata Goszczyńska,
• Małgorzata Aleksandrzak,
• Karolina Urbaś,
• Joanna Derkowska,
• Agnieszka Bartoszewska,
• Jacek Podolski,
• Ewa Mijowska and
• Mirosława El Fray

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1508–1514, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.151

• the catechol-modified chitosan matrix (Figure 4B). Chitosan/DNA interactions are largely driven by electrostatic interaction and, as a result, solution pH value, degree of deacetylation and molecular weight all play important roles [18]. Following biofunctionalization via glutaraldehyde linker to the

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• −14 mV and the encapsulation efficacy was significantly improved for both PCL and mePEG-PCL nanoparticles by coating with the cationic polymer CS, as shown in Figure 4. This is attributed to the strong electrostatic interaction between the anionic drug docetaxel with the cationic coating. The

Uptake of the proteins HTRA1 and HTRA2 by cells mediated by calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Olga Rotan,
• Katharina N. Severin,
• Simon Pöpsel,
• Alexander Peetsch,
• Melisa Merdanovic,
• Michael Ehrmann and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 381–393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.40

• usually taken up better and faster by cells because of the electrostatic interaction of the negatively charged cell membrane and the positively charged surface of the nanoparticles [47][50][51][52][53][54][55]. This was confirmed in our experiments: The uptake of proteins with cationic nanoparticles was

Template-controlled piezoactivity of ZnO thin films grown via a bioinspired approach

• Nina J. Blumenstein,
• Fabian Streb,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Zaklina Burghard and
• Joachim Bill

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 296–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.32

• along the crystallographic (002) direction (Figure 3b). In analogy to the results of Shyue et al., the sulfonate groups should be more negatively charged compared to the carboxylate groups [40]. This can explain the observed texture formation on the PEL. The electrostatic interaction between the ZnO

Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides

• Dessislava Kostadinova,
• Ana Cenacchi Pereira,
• Muriel Lansalot,
• Franck D’Agosto,
• Elodie Bourgeat-Lami,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Christine Taviot-Guého,
• Sylvian Cadars and
• Vanessa Prevot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 2000–2012, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.191

• synthesized by RAFT (co)polymerization of AA and BA in 1,4-dioxane at 80 °C using 4-cyano-4-thiothiopropylsulfanyl pentanoic acid (CTPPA) as RAFT agent and 4,4'-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ACPA) as an initiator. These macroRAFT agent compositions were selected with AA units promoting electrostatic

• interaction with the LDH and BA units to investigate the effect of the insertion of butyl hydrophobic units on the hybrid LDH material structure (Figure 1). In using AA as hydrophilic monomer, a macroRAFT polymer containing 49 AA units was obtained (Mn = 3800 g mol−1; Ð = 1.18). During the copolymerization of

Controlled supramolecular structure of guanosine monophosphate in the interlayer space of layered double hydroxide

• Gyeong-Hyeon Gwak,
• Istvan Kocsis,
• Yves-Marie Legrand,
• Mihail Barboiu and
• Jae-Min Oh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1928–1935, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.184

• equivalent area per charge ≈25 Å2/(+) and charge compensating interlayer anions [11][12]. As it is known that interlayer anions in LDH can be easily exchanged by external anions, and that once introduced, anions are stabilized via electrostatic interaction [13][14], we utilized guanosine monophosphate (GMP

High antiviral effect of TiO₂·PL–DNA nanocomposites targeted to conservative regions of (−)RNA and (+)RNA of influenza A virus in cell culture

• Asya S. Levina,
• Marina N. Repkova,
• Elena V. Bessudnova,
• Ekaterina I. Filippova,
• Natalia A. Mazurkova and
• Valentina F. Zarytova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1166–1173, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.108

• noncovalently immobilized on TiO2 nanoparticles (≈5 nm in diameter) in the anatase form [17] due to the affinity of polylysine to the TiO2 surface. This affinity can be explained in all likelihood by the electrostatic interaction between the positively charged amino groups of PL and the negatively charged TiO2

Sandwich-like layer-by-layer assembly of gold nanoparticles with tunable SERS properties

• Zhicheng Liu,
• Lu Bai,
• Guizhe Zhao and
• Yaqing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1028–1032, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.95

• mainly driven by electrostatic interaction. Especially, multilayer thin films consisting of polymers and metal nanoparticles (NPs) have been extensively explored, and show interesting optical and SERS properties [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Wang and Dong et al. reported that polyelectrolyte–gold nanorod

The influence of phthalocyanine aggregation in complexes with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on the photophysical properties of the complexes

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov,
• Kevin Berwick and
• Alexander V. Baranov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.94

• acquire a negative charge. Therefore, mixing of aqueous solutions of DMAET QDs and PcSz leads to the formation of QD–DMAET–PcSz complexes as a result of the electrostatic interaction between phthalocyanine and positive DMAET solubilizer molecules on the surface of the QDs. Figure 1b shows the scheme of

Improved biocompatibility and efficient labeling of neural stem cells with poly(L-lysine)-coated maghemite nanoparticles

• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Marina Dobrivojević,
• Lada Brkić Ahmed,
• Michal Babič,
• Miroslav Šlouf,
• Daniel Horák and
• Srećko Gajović

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 926–936, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.84

• electrostatic interaction between negatively charged ions of the cell membrane and the surface of the culture plate. Due to the presence of NH2 groups, which promote cell adhesion, PLL is as well used as a non-viral transfection agent for gene delivery and DNA complexation [20]. Our previous studies showed that

Bacteriorhodopsin–ZnO hybrid as a potential sensing element for low-temperature detection of ethanol vapour

• Saurav Kumar,
• Sudeshna Bagchi,
• Senthil Prasad,
• Anupma Sharma,
• Ritesh Kumar,
• Rishemjit Kaur,
• Jagvir Singh and
• Amol P. Bhondekar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 501–510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.44

• of bR protein at 1528 cm−1 (C=C stretching) and fairly strong fingerprint spectra in the range of 1150–1220 cm−1 (C–C stretching) [61]. However, there is a small shift in the characteristic vibrational modes of bR, which may be due to the electrostatic interaction between the ZnO and bR protein [62

• electrostatic interaction between the bR protein and the ZnO nanostructures [68][69]. The peak at 1040 cm−1 (region 880–1050 cm−1) shows the hydrogen out-of-plane (HOOP) vibrational mode, which indicates a twist in the skeleton of the protein. The comparatively weak feature within 1150–1500 cm−1 may be

3D solid supported inter-polyelectrolyte complexes obtained by the alternate deposition of poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) and poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate)

• Eduardo Guzmán,
• Armando Maestro,
• Sara Llamas,
• Jesús Álvarez-Rodríguez,
• Francisco Ortega,
• Ángel Maroto-Valiente and
• Ramón G. Rubio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 197–208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.18

• the fact that the first layers adsorbed form an inhomogeneous film, forming isolated island that coalesce as N increases [33][44][45]. This mechanism is also supported by the theoretical considerations based on the electrostatic interaction of charged objects onto opposite charged surfaces [46]. The

Chemiresistive/SERS dual sensor based on densely packed gold nanoparticles

• Sanda Boca,
• Cosmin Leordean,
• Simion Astilean and
• Cosmin Farcau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2498–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.259

• , this stability decreases proportionally. Hence, to increase the stability of the concentrated collidal solution, the originally citrate-capped AuNPs were functionalized with folic acid molecules by electrostatic interaction between the negative surface of the particles and the positive amino groups of

Self-organization of gold nanoparticles on silanated surfaces

• Htet H. Kyaw,
• Salim H. Al-Harthi,
• Azzouz Sellai and
• Joydeep Dutta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2345–2353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.242

• are fundamentally important and also can be applied for designing and modelling of surface plasmon resonance based sensor applications. Keywords: 3-aminopropyletriethoxysilane; electrostatic interaction; functionalization; gold nanoparticles; self-assembled monolayer; self-organization; Introduction

• the orientation of APTES molecules favoring the attachment of metal nanoparticles as described in Figure 2 (type I, II). However, NH2-terminated silanized glass (Figure 2, type IV) surfaces could lead to large amount of AuNPs attached to the amine groups through electrostatic interaction as shown in

• ]. Upon the deposition of AuNPs on APTES-functionalized glass substrate, the λmax intensity shifted back to its original binding energy of pure glass surface, 7.4 eV. This suggests that electrons are donated from AuNPs to APTES molecules through an electrostatic interaction during the attachment to the

Fabrication of hybrid graphene oxide/polyelectrolyte capsules by means of layer-by-layer assembly on erythrocyte cell templates

• Joseba Irigoyen,
• Nikolaos Politakos,
• Eleftheria Diamanti,
• Elena Rojas,
• Marco Marradi,
• Raquel Ledezma,
• Layza Arizmendi,
• J. Alberto Rodríguez,
• Ronald F. Ziolo and
• Sergio E. Moya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2310–2318, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.237

• strength. The assembly of exfoliated GO was done in water at pH 10 to avoid the screening of the charges on the GO. If present, screening the GO charges could lead to a stronger interaction between GO sheets in solution leading to aggregation. Charge screening would also eventually reduce the electrostatic

• interaction between the GO and the polyelectrolyte on the cell, which would be unfavourable for assembly. Between each GO deposition, we deposited either one layer of PAH or three layers of PAH/PSS/PAH. Since the assembly of one layer of PAH between the GO layers may not be sufficient to lead to a complete