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Search for "film" in Full Text gives 1051 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology. Showing first 200.
Selected properties of AlxZnyO thin films prepared by reactive pulsed magnetron sputtering using a two-element Zn/Al target
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 344–354, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.29
- = 400 W, which corresponded to a power density on the target surface of approximately 5 W/cm2. The films were deposited on glass strip substrates, placed symmetrically over the target, making it possible to obtain films with different composition and thickness. The film sheet resistance was measured as
- : aluminium zinc oxide; magnetron sputtering; thin film; transparent conducting oxide; transparent electronics; Introduction Aluminium-doped zinc oxide (AZO) is a potential alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO) for transparent conducting oxide (TCO) electrodes in transparent electronic and photovoltaic
- interaction of charged particles (mainly electrons that escape from the magnetic trap directly over pole pieces) with the growing film. Using on-axis geometry, it was found that secondary electrons emitted from the target and negative oxygen ions influence the texture of the growing AZO film and decrease its
Controllable two- and three-state magnetization switching in single-layer epitaxial Pd1−xFex films and an epitaxial Pd0.92Fe0.08/Ag/Pd0.96Fe0.04 heterostructure
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 334–343, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.28
- .13.28 Abstract We have investigated the low-temperature magnetoresistive properties of a thin epitaxial Pd0.92Fe0.08 film at different directions of the current and the applied magnetic field. The obtained experimental results are well described within an assumption of a single-domain magnetic state of
- the film. In a wide range of the appled field directions, the magnetization reversal proceeds in two steps via the intermediate easy axis. An epitaxial heterostructure of two magnetically separated ferromagnetic layers, Pd0.92Fe0.08/Ag/Pd0.96Fe0.04, was synthesized and studied with dc magnetometry
- alloy; thin epitaxial film; Introduction The generation of the long-range triplet component of the superconducting pairing at noncollinear orientations of magnetization in ferromagnetic layered systems is extensively studied in the framework of magnetic Josephson junctions (MJJs) ([1][2][3] for early
A broadband detector based on series YBCO grain boundary Josephson junctions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.27
- use of a meander-type microstrip since, for the formation of a weak link, it is necessary for the superconducting film to cross the grain boundary. In the first case implemented in [3], the length of the meander is minimal (Figure 3a). To minimize this length, the two parts of the antenna are
Interfacial nanoarchitectonics for ZIF-8 membranes with enhanced gas separation
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.26
- MOF [36]. However, the presence of defects can hamper the structural stability of MOFs [35]. Therefore, characterization of defects in MOF-based membranes and the correlation to the preparation methods with membrane properties are critical in MOF film development. Among the various synthesis schemes
- , the interfacial synthesis method confines the coordination of the MOF to the solvent interface, which ensures good control over MOF nucleation and growth processes [37][38]. Consequently, it is a promising approach to synthesize a defect-free MOF film. In comparison, the counter-diffusion method
- order to understand (a) the relationship between synthesis method and intercrystalline structure, (b) the relationship between ZIF-8 crystal structural in the film and the associated gas separation performance, and (c) the effect of α-Al2O3 support on membrane separation performance, free-standing ZIF-8
The effect of metal surface nanomorphology on the output performance of a TENG
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 298–312, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.25
- 500 A/m2, and the pH value was set between 1 and 4. When copper and PTFE film are in contact, the surfaces of the two materials are charged. When the two materials are separated, the surfaces of the two materials will maintain the charge, and a potential difference will occur between the two materials
Investigation of a memory effect in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox-gradient thin film/TiAlV structure
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 265–273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.21
- analysis of resistive switching properties observed in a Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox/TiAlV structure with a gradient distribution of Cu and Ti along the (Ti–Cu)Ox thin film thickness. Thin films were prepared via multisource reactive magnetron co-sputtering. The programmed profile of the pulse width modulation
- coefficient during sputtering of the Cu target allowed us to obtain the designed gradient U-shape profile of the Cu concentration in the deposited thin film. Electrical measurements of the Au/(Ti–Cu)Ox/TiAlV structure showed the presence of nonpinched hysteresis loops in the voltage–current plane testifying a
- investigations allowed us to conclude about the possible mechanism for the observed resistive switching mechanism. Keywords: gradient thin film; magnetron sputtering; memory effect; resistive switching; Introduction In recent years, significant development has been observed in design, simulation, manufacturing
Relationship between corrosion and nanoscale friction on a metallic glass
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 236–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.18
- corrosion on nanoscale friction. The evolution of friction upon repeated scanning cycles on the corroded surfaces reveals a bilayer surface oxide film, of which the outer layer is removed by the scanning tip. The measurement of friction and adhesion allows one to compare the physicochemical processes of
- ); corrosion; friction; metallic glass; passive film; Introduction Metallic glasses (MGs) exhibit excellent mechanical properties including extraordinary hardness and strength [1][2]. Thus, MGs have emerged as novel wear-resistant materials with high potential in tribological applications [3][4][5][6][7][8
- buffering capacity, which impedes acidification inside the pits and promotes the repassivation of initially metastable pits [28]. The stability and protection effect of the surface film is also improved when phosphates are involved in the film formation [29]. Nanoscale friction after immersion The
Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15
- of a protective oxide film. These properties makes it a material of choice for implants. Additionally, a thin calcium phosphate coating has been shown to improve the biocompatibility and osteoconductivity of implants [56]. To augment osseointegration and tissue generation, as well as to reduce
Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14
- development. Subsequently, conductive tape was attached to both sides of the film in a way that it covered the maximum area of the sheet (Figure 1). The developed piezoelectric sensor was tested in knee angle measurements using a digital oscilloscope. The sensor was exposed to low and high dynamic strains
Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12
- towards a thin film regime. Conclusion We investigated three oxidation growth modes – oxidation, etching, and transition modes – in the third of which both oxidation and etching occur. Reaction dynamics in the oxidation of Si(113)-(3 × 2) was observed in real time using VT-STM. Nucleation of the oxide and
A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10
Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7
- increasing film thickness [45]. Zhou et al. indicated that the direct bandgap transition of SnO2 has an absorption coefficient α and the optical bandgap (Eg) can be determined by the calculation of α(hν)2 ∝ (hν − Eg)1/2/hν, and the plot of α(hν)2 vs photon energy hν, respectively. For example, the bandgap of
- a SnO2 thin film with a thickness of about 130 nm is 3.597 eV [42]. The reported bandgap of bulk SnO2 is 3.6 eV. Changing the morphology, particle size, or the formation of OVs or defects narrow the bandgap. In the study of Babu et al., a redshift of the absorption edge was observed when SnO2
- thin film materials that can replace powder materials, (5) adhering the catalyst materials on commercial films such as polypropylene, polytetrafluorethylene, or PM2.5 films for real-life applications, such as air filters and NOx gas treatment membranes; and (6) applying the materials in biological
Influence of magnetic domain walls on all-optical magnetic toggle switching in a ferrimagnetic GdFe film
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 74–81, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.5
- film with out-of-plane easy axis of magnetization by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism photoelectron emission microscopy. Individual linearly polarized laser pulses of 800 nm wavelength and 100 fs duration above a certain threshold fluence reverse the sample magnetization, independent of the
- individual ultrashort focused laser pulses has been reported [21]. In this paper, we investigate nondeterministic all-optical toggle switching of a Gd26Fe74 film with out-of-plane easy axis of magnetization by magnetic imaging using photoemission electron microscopy (PEEM) with X-ray magnetic circular
- compensation temperature, a different Walker breakdown, or less uniaxial anisotropy. Conclusion XMCD-PEEM imaging of the deviation from deterministic all-optical toggle switching of a Gd26Fe74 film by single ultrashort laser pulses showed that the factors that cause this deviation can be distinguished as
Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4
- layers of graphene oxide and polyethylenimine. The authors showed that a transfer film of graphene on the polymer leads to lower friction. While to our knowledge there have been no numerical studies of friction on graphene-coated polymers, the graphene–polymer interface has been studied. Rissanou et al
Effect of lubricants on the rotational transmission between solid-state gears
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 54–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.3
- are taken into account due to high pressure at intermediate sliding velocities. On the macroscopic scale, the hydrodynamics of the fluid can be analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) [6][7], which is based on solving the Navier–Stokes equation [8][9] or Reynold equation [10] for the thin-film
- ]. To proceed further, one may ask if lubricants can provide the same functionality as in the macroscopic case and are able to improve the transmission efficiency. Consider the case where the lubricant film within the contact area consists only of a small number of molecules. In this case, the pressure
Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2
- designed to coat objects with thin film materials. Sputtering is the physical phenomenon describing the ejection of atoms from a surface bombarded by fast particles such as noble gas cations. These ions can be produced in a low-pressure plasma and accelerated towards a negatively biased surface, that is
- from the plasma to the film during growth through heating of the substrate and/or via bombardment by energetic particles or post-deposition annealing of the film can be envisaged. More information on thin film deposition (onto solid substrates) by sputtering-based processes can be found in books such
- as gas-phase scattering is minimized. The film deposition rate, lying typically in the range of several nanometers per minute, is therefore higher compared to non-magnetized sputtering discharges. Here a remark should be made: While the film growth rate is usually expressed in units of thickness per
Design aspects of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103
- of the other two materials, namely Bi-2212 and polycrystalline gold electrodes. At low T both have linear κ(T). For Bi-2212 we assume κab(T) = 0.1 T(K) W·K−1·m−1 [45] with an anisotropy κab/κc = 8 [46]. For a polycrystalline gold thin film we use κ(T) = 3 T(K) W·K−1·m−1 [32]. The heat is produced in
Nonmonotonous temperature dependence of Shapiro steps in YBCO grain boundary junctions
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1279–1285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.95
- YBaCuO film deposition on an yttria-stabilized zirconia bicrystal substrate. Non-monotonic dependences of step heights for different external signal frequencies were found in the limit of a weak driving signal, with the maxima occurring at different points as function of the temperature. The step heights
- discussed, and the measurement results are compared with the results of numerical calculations. Experimental Setup and Numerical Model The samples of grain boundary Josephson junctions were fabricated by on-axis dc magnetron sputtering [28][29][30][31] of YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) film on the surface of 24°[001
Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO2 and TeO2 thin films doped by Eu3+ for optoelectronic applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94
- luminescence properties of europium-doped titanium dioxide and tellurium oxide thin films enhanced by gold plasmonic nanostructures. We propose a new type of plasmon structure with an ultrathin dielectric film between plasmonic platform and luminescent material. Plasmonic platforms were manufactured through
- thermal annealing of the gold thin film. Thermal dewetting of gold film results in spherical gold nanostructures with average dimensions of 50 nm. Both, luminescent TiO2:Eu and TeO2:Eu films were deposited by RF magnetron sputtering from mosaic targets. The morphology of the gold nanostructures was
- investigated by SEM and TEM, while the composition of oxides film was analyzed by XPS. Luminescence properties were studied on the basis of excitation and emission spectra. The experiments show that the additional dielectric layer enhances the luminescence intensity. Such structures could be potential
Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe2O4 nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93
- signals, as reported in the chemical maps shown in Figure 7, indicating the presence of clusters of CoFe2O4 nanoparticles. Despite the presence of these agglomerates Fe and Co appear to be uniformly distributed in the nanocomposite film, confirming that the nanoparticles are well dispersed in the
- for 30 min and then spin coated (30 s with a spin speed of 2000 rpm) onto polyethylene terephthalate/indium tin oxide (PET/ITO, Sigma-Aldrich, Rs = 60 Ω/sq). The obtained melt was cured in the oven at 120 °C for 2 h. After curing, the nanostructured thin film was placed over a heated mat reaching 65
Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92
- electrolyte film which contains 30 wt % of the ionic liquid. The optimized films have good potential to be used as electrolyte materials for energy storage applications. Keywords: ionic liquid; polymer gel electrolytes; solution casting technique; transference number; Introduction For the past two decades
- surface morphology of a pure PVdF-HFP film, {(PVdF-HFP)-[BDiMIM][Cl]} (4:6), and ({(PVdF-HFP)-[BDiMIM][Cl]} (4:6)) (20 wt %) + [PC-Mg(ClO4)2 (0.3 M)] (80 wt %), where PC is the plasticizer propylene carbonate, was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and is depicted in Figure 1a–c
- . Figure 1a shows the surface morphology of a pure PVdF-HFP film, indicating an uneven and rough surface of the crystalline polymer. Upon the addition of the ionic liquid [BDiMIM][Cl] on PVdF-HFP, the sizes of the grains start decreasing and the membrane becomes flexible and appears as a swollen structure
A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91
- essentially sliding along the solid surfaces at a molecular level, as illustrated in Figure 1b. Its value cannot be negative. On the other hand, apparent slip means that the liquid slips at the surface of a thin fluid film of a different phase near the solid wall. That is, the liquid slippage occurs at the
- corrugated distribution of water molecules on the surface of boron nitride [69]. 2.1.2 Variation of negative slip length. As stated in Section 1.2, the negative slip length means that there is a static liquid film near solid surfaces. It was shown by many previous studies that a negative slip length may
Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90
- and sharp probes in the attraction regime means that the contact area is small and the tip–sample interaction is negligible. On the one hand, this allows for high-quality imaging of loosely attached and soft objects, even if they have a high aspect ratio. For example, Figure 2d shows a film of single
- broken micropipette (a) and an intact micropipette (b); AFM image of the tip of the probe (c), the surface of a SWCNT film (d); AFM image (without processing) of the surface of bismuth telluride (e). Scanning parameters for (a): 256 by 256 points, A0 = 12 nm, Tline = 2 s, Tdir =1.8 s, Vup = 20 µm/s
- experimental results. Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to P.I. Kuznetsov for the bismuth telluride samples provided. We acknowledge Artem K. Grebenko (LNM Skoltech) for the SWCNT film sample, and Vasilii Kolmogorov for micropipettes. Funding The work was partially supported by the Russian Foundation
Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88
- pits. The self-organization of structures was attributed to tin chloride, which led to a larger size of the pits, while copper oxide led to the formation of hillocks in the film. The D values of the samples were in the range of 2.00–2.24. For the Sn/Cu = 6 ratio, the fractal dimension was 2.0, and the
- heights across the film surface with few locations having a small barrier height depending upon fractal dimension and geometry. Such locations serve as sites with improved sensitivity and respond to the gas faster than other locations that have higher Schottky barrier heights. The gas sensing measurements
- performed by Kante et al. were in the temperature range of 200–300 °C. For CO, the response was observed to be about 2.5 at 250 °C with a response time of 70 s and a recovery time of 30 s. When exposed to ethanol vapor, the resulting film exhibited a higher sensitivity (400% at 227 °C) towards ethanol with
Irradiation-driven molecular dynamics simulation of the FEBID process for Pt(PF3)4
Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1151–1172, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.86
- chamber. Depending on the experimental conditions (temperature, precursor gas pressure, geometry, and position of the gas inlet), precursor molecules adsorb on the substrate surface and form a thin (from sub-monolayer to several monolayer thickness) film. An explicit evaluation of adsorption and
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