Modeling adsorption of brominated, chlorinated and mixed bromo/chloro-dibenzo-p-dioxins on C₆₀ fullerene using Nano-QSPR

• Piotr Urbaszek,
• Agnieszka Gajewicz,
• Celina Sikorska,
• Maciej Haranczyk and
• Tomasz Puzyn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 752–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.78

• , 80-308 Gdańsk, Poland IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.8.78 Abstract Many technological implementations in the field of nanotechnology have involved carbon nanomaterials, including fullerenes such as the buckminsterfullerene, C60. The

• (AhR) toxicity mechanism. Therefore, the effectiveness of fullerenes as sorbent agents may be underestimated as sorption could be less effective for toxic congeners than previously believed. Keywords: brominated; chlorinated; dioxins; fullerenes; QSPR; sorption; Introduction Dioxin congeners are

• concentrations. Aromatic structures render fullerenes as good acceptors of π-electrons. On the other hand, aromatic systems like halogenated dioxins are classified as π-donors [20]. Recent studies have proved that halogens, such as bromine or chlorine, have a more positive region on the surface opposite to the X

Analysis and modification of defective surface aggregates on PCDTBT:PCBM solar cell blends using combined Kelvin probe, conductive and bimodal atomic force microscopy

• Hanaul Noh,
• Alfredo J. Diaz and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 579–589, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.62

• made of acceptor molecules, hole conduction would be deficient (see Figure 5) and localization of electrons would cause negative potential changes [40]. Furthermore, the measured thickness of the cluster layer is similar to the diameter of fullerenes if we consider partially buried PCBM molecules or

Selective photodissociation of tailored molecular tags as a tool for quantum optics

• Ugur Sezer,
• Philipp Geyer,
• Moritz Kriegleder,
• Maxime Debiossac,
• Armin Shayeghi,
• Markus Arndt,
• Lukas Felix and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 325–333, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.35

• the idea of Young’s double slit experiment and demonstrated diffraction of fullerenes [1] and functionalized phthalocyanines [9] at nanomechanical gratings. Later studies used variants of Talbot–Lau interferometry to demonstrate the quantum wave nature of more than a dozen of different molecules and

Zigzag phosphorene nanoribbons: one-dimensional resonant channels in two-dimensional atomic crystals

• Carlos. J. Páez,
• Dario. A. Bahamon,
• Ana L. C. Pereira and
• Peter. A. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1983–1990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.189

• , showing stable structures either in 0D (fullerenes), 1D (carbon nanotubes) and 2D (graphene) consolidated this scenario in an exciting research field [4]. The isolation of strictly one atom thick layers in the first years of the present century opened a wider window for both basic physics and device

The effect of dry shear aligning of nanotube thin films on the photovoltaic performance of carbon nanotube–silicon solar cells

• Benedikt W. Stolz,
• Daniel D. Tune and
• Benjamin S. Flavel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1486–1491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.141

• acceptors such as fullerenes [9][10][11][12]. Carbon nanotube–silicon heterojunctions can also function as solar cells [13][14] and over the last few years of development the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of these devices has been steadily increasing [15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22], with the most

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• in various applications, was previously considered only a research material and a theoretical model to describe the properties of other carbonaceous materials such as fullerenes, graphite, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNT) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). It was believed that stand-alone

Multiwalled carbon nanotube hybrids as MRI contrast agents

• Nikodem Kuźnik and
• Mateusz M. Tomczyk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1086–1103, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.102

• investigations on applications of carbon nanomaterials in bioimaging [4][5][6][7][8][9], e.g., graphene, graphite oxide with manganese residues [10], gadolinium anchored on fullerenes [11], and nanodiamonds [12]. Sitharaman’s and Wilson’s discoveries of gadonanotubes, such as ultrashort single-wall carbon

High-resolution noncontact AFM and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of self-assembled photovoltaic donor–acceptor dyads

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Pierre-Olivier Schwartz,
• Laure Biniek,
• Martin Brinkmann,
• Nicolas Leclerc,
• Elena Zaborova and
• Stéphane Méry

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 799–808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.71

• to elaborate well-defined, nanostructured D–A interfaces. Most of these supramolecular architectures rely on the use of fullerenes [13][14][15] or perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide (PDI) [16][17][18][19][20] as the acceptor components. However, to date, very few KPFM studies have focused

Facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon nano-onions under alkaline conditions

• Gaber Hashem Gaber Ahmed,
• Rosana Badía Laíño,
• Josefa Angela García Calzón and
• Marta Elena Díaz García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 758–766, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.67

• sensors. The more popular and extensively investigated carbon-based nanomaterials include carbon dots (C-dots), fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene, while others, such as nanodiamonds and carbon onions, stayed forgotten for a long time, in spite of the fact that these carbon nanoparticles (C-NPs) were

• -onions (C-onions) are another kind of carbon nanoparticles that exhibit outstanding chemical and physical properties. C-onions are spherical carbon shells enclosed within one another (multi-layered fullerenes) with diameters ranging from 3 to 50 nm [9], depending on the method of synthesis. C-onions have

• electronic structures of fullerenes and carbon onions [33][34], the atomic arrangements inducing curvature are still not fully understood. In the case of carrots and tree leaves, the reorganization into onions was not so clear as in the case of tomatoes, although it may be related to the low content of

Rigid multipodal platforms for metal surfaces

• Michal Valášek,
• Marcin Lindner and
• Marcel Mayor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 374–405, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.34

• ], selenols (–SeH) [36][37][38][39], fullerenes [40][41][42], isocyanides (–NC) [30][43][44], nitriles (–CN) [45][46], nitro (–NO2) [46], isothiocyanides (–NCS) [47], methyl sulfide (–SCH3) [31], dithiocarbamates (–NCS2) [48], carbodithiolates (–CS2H) [49][50], hydroxyl (–OH) [51], N-heterocyclic carbenes [52

• scanning probe microscopy [75][81][91], a crosslinker for the creation of arrays of gold nanoparticles, and to anchor several active tail molecules as complex ligands [79][80], fullerenes [77][78][92], rotaxanes [93], pseudorotaxanes and artificial molecular rotors [94][95][96][97] to the surface. Although

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• , and its allotrope forms such as fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene have been proposed as sources of energy generation and storage because of their extraordinary properties and ease of production. Various approaches for the synthesis and incorporation of carbon nanomaterials in organic

• photovoltaics and supercapacitors have been reviewed and discussed in this work, highlighting their benefits as compared to other materials commonly used in these devices. The use of fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene in organic photovoltaics and supercapacitors is described in detail, explaining how

• their remarkable properties can enhance the efficiency of solar cells and energy storage in supercapacitors. Fullerenes, carbon nanotubes and graphene have all been included in solar cells with interesting results, although a number of problems are still to be overcome in order to achieve high

Negative differential electrical resistance of a rotational organic nanomotor

• Hatef Sadeghi,
• Sara Sangtarash,
• Qusiy Al-Galiby,
• Rachel Sparks,
• Steven Bailey and
• Colin J. Lambert

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2332–2337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.240

• pendant moiety anchored to an organic backbone between two C60 fullerenes, which in turn are connected to gold electrodes. Ab initio density functional calculations are used to demonstrate that an electric field induces rotation of the pendant group, leading to a nonlinear current–voltage relation. The

NanoE-Tox: New and in-depth database concerning ecotoxicity of nanomaterials

• Katre Juganson,
• Angela Ivask,
• Irina Blinova,
• Monika Mortimer and
• Anne Kahru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1788–1804, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.183

• database NanoE-Tox that is available as Supporting Information File 2. The database is based on existing literature on ecotoxicology of eight ENMs with different chemical composition: carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium dioxide (CeO2), copper

• ENMs were TiO2 (550–5,500 t/year), SiO2 (55–55,000 t/year), AlOx (55–5,500 t/year), ZnO (55–550 t/year), carbon nanotubes (CNT; 55–550 t/year), FeOx (5.5–5,500 t/year), CeOx and Ag (both 5.5–550 t/year), fullerenes and quantum dots (both 0.6-5.5 t/year) [5]. Warningly, the increasing production and use

• : carbon nanotubes (CNTs), fullerenes, silver (Ag), titanium dioxide (TiO2), zinc oxide (ZnO), cerium dioxide (CeO2), copper oxide (CuO), and iron oxide (FeOx; Fe2O3, Fe3O4). Furthermore, all these ENMs, except CuO, are listed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Working

Nanotechnology in the real world: Redeveloping the nanomaterial consumer products inventory

• Marina E. Vance,
• Todd Kuiken,
• Eric P. Vejerano,
• Sean P. McGinnis,
• Michael F. Hochella Jr.,
• David Rejeski and
• Matthew S. Hull

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1769–1780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.181

• category and in the Health and Fitness subcategories. (a) Claimed composition of nanomaterials listed in the CPI, grouped into five major categories: not advertised, metal (including metals and metal oxides), carbonaceous nanomaterials (carbon black, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene), silicon-based

• nanomaterials (CNT = carbon nanotubes). Major nanomaterial composition groups over time. Carbon = carbonaceous nanomaterials (carbon black, carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, graphene). Other = organics, ceramics, polymers, clays, nanocellulose, liposomes, nano micelles, carnauba wax, etc. Note the difference in

Current–voltage characteristics of manganite–titanite perovskite junctions

• Benedikt Ifland,
• Patrick Peretzki,
• Birte Kressdorf,
• Philipp Saring,
• Andreas Kelling,
• Michael Seibt and
• Christian Jooss

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1467–1484, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.152

• The J–V characteristics of organic solar cells formed by junctions of conjugated polymers and fullerenes are commonly described in the framework of the Shockley model [43] in combination with either one or two diode electrical circuits [44]. Since the nature of the charge carriers is fundamentally

Enhanced fullerene–Au(111) coupling in (2√3 × 2√3)R30° superstructures with intermolecular interactions

• Michael Paßens,
• Rainer Waser and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1421–1431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.147

• )R30° superstructures of fullerenes on the Au(111) surface have been studied using scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. It is shown that the deposition and growth process of a fullerene monolayer on the Au(111) surface determine the resulting superstructure. The supply of thermal energy is

• addition, hybrid fullerene–Au(111) surface states suggest partly covalent interactions. Keywords: adatom–vacancy mechanism; differential conductance; fullerene; Ising model; scanning tunnelling microscopy; Introduction Monolayers of close-packed fullerenes on metal surfaces belong to one of the most

• groups to bind functional molecules to electrodes and thus, to construct electronic circuits. In this case, charge transport takes place through the fullerenes and crucially depends on the electrode coupling of C60 [5][6][7]. Therefore, it is essential to understand in detail the interactions at the C60

Improved optical limiting performance of laser-ablation-generated metal nanoparticles due to silica-microsphere-induced local field enhancement

• Zheren Du,
• Lianwei Chen,
• Tsung-Sheng Kao,
• Mengxue Wu and
• Minghui Hong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1199–1204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.122

• fullerenes, metallophthalocyanines, carbon black suspension and nanoscale metallic materials [13][14][15]. For the practical use of the optical limiting materials, it is important to improve their optical limiting performance, including a lower optical limiting threshold and the ability to efficiently

Electrical characterization of single molecule and Langmuir–Blodgett monomolecular films of a pyridine-terminated oligo(phenylene-ethynylene) derivative

• Henrry M. Osorio,
• Santiago Martín,
• María Carmen López,
• Santiago Marqués-González,
• Simon J. Higgins,
• Richard J. Nichols,
• Paul J. Low and
• Pilar Cea

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1145–1157, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.116

• groups [67][68][69] and fullerenes [60][70][71]. However, many of these groups have significant limitations including chemical degradation at working temperatures [72][73], associated polymerization phenomena [74], small binding energies [74], unexpectedly high contact resistance [75][76][77][78][79][80

Fulleropeptide esters as potential self-assembled antioxidants

• Mira S. Bjelaković,
• Tatjana J. Kop,
• Jelena Đorđević and
• Dragana R. Milić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1065–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.107

• voltammetry; FOX assay; fulleropeptide esters; scanning electron microscopy; Introduction Their highly π-conjugated, spherically shaped, hydrophobic character and their unique physicochemical, electronic and magnetic properties make fullerenes attractive building blocks for chemical modifications, providing

• functionalized fullerenes are able to self-assemble into a plethora of supramolecular structures, such as spheres, nanotubes, vesicles, rods, nanowires, and nanofibers [9][10][11]. Also, formation of diverse morphologies of self-assembled fullerene derivatives under different external conditions has also been

• tested fullerene esters expressed five- to twelve-fold higher antioxidant capacity compared to vitamin C, and similarly to C60 (compound 6) with an up to two-fold better performance. It was shown that derivatization of fullerenes with peptide units enhances their solubility [27] and, consequently, their

A versatile strategy towards non-covalent functionalization of graphene by surface-confined supramolecular self-assembly of Janus tectons

• Ping Du,
• David Bléger,
• Fabrice Charra,
• Vincent Bouchiat,
• David Kreher,
• Fabrice Mathevet and
• André-Jean Attias

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 632–639, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.64

• , molecular, in-plane confined, self-assembly studies to graphene substrates. However, to date, the majority of the investigations deal with only a few of molecules: 3,4,9,10-perylenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (PTCDA), phthalocyanine (and its metal coordination complexes), and C60 fullerenes [20]. Moreover

Chains of carbon atoms: A vision or a new nanomaterial?

• Florian Banhart

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 559–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.58

• rings might be the ground state for carbon clusters with less than 20 atoms or precursors for the formation of more complex structures such as carbon nanotubes or fullerenes [18]. The rings might also consist of equal aromatic or alternated antiaromatic bonds. Of current interest are also chemically

Raman spectroscopy as a tool to investigate the structure and electronic properties of carbon-atom wires

• Alberto Milani,
• Matteo Tommasini,
• Valeria Russo,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Andrea Lucotti,
• Franco Cataldo and
• Carlo S. Casari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 480–491, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.49

• [16][17]. Criticism on the interpretation of these results was raised in the eighties by Smith and Buseck and were the objects of debate [18][19][20]. In the same period the search for linear carbon in interstellar medium for astrophysics studies drove the discovery of fullerenes by Kroto, Smalley and

• forms of carbon (e.g., fullerenes, nanotubes, graphene), the Raman spectra of sp-carbon chains has been only recently investigated in detail, and a consistent description has just begun to emerge. The Raman spectrum of polyynes shows a similar behavior to polyenes with a very intense feature named the

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of graphitic carbon nanomaterials doped with heteroatoms

• Toma Susi,
• Thomas Pichler and
• Paola Ayala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 177–192, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.17

• have received major attention, starting with the discovery of fullerenes in the late 1980s [1][2], followed by the proliferation of carbon nanotube research from the early 1990s [3][4][5], and coming finally to the latest stage when graphene rose into prominence in the mid-2000s [6][7][8]. Due to the

• unique nature of sp2 hybridization [9], strong σ bonds are formed between carbon atoms in fullerenes, nanotubes and graphene (Figure 1), along with delocalized π orbitals [10]. These materials each have superb intrinsic properties. Fullerenes are very stable nanocontainers [11], exhibiting interesting

• overlooked starting point for interpreting the N 1s core level are fullerenes containing a single nitrogen substitution, which are called azafullerenes (C59N). These are one of the only systems where there is no ambiguity about the underlying atomic structure. Thus even though curvature, the influence of the

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• such as fullerenes and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [23][24][25]. Using these solvents, it is possible to exfoliate graphite, resulting in defect-free graphene layers of high concentration. One limitation of this methodology is its inability to completely eliminate the absorbed solvent from the graphene

• edge carbon atoms. Rolling and sealing graphene An important potential application of exfoliated graphene is the tailored production of other carbon nanostructures such as fullerenes [29] and CNTs. To this effect, we have demonstrated the longstanding visualised strategy of rolling and sealing a

• -resolution techniques such as X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (HR-XPS) and HR-TEM are very useful for the identification of functional groups. A common organic reaction used for the functionalization of carbon nanostructures such as fullerenes, nanotubes, nano onions, nano horns and currently graphene, is

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• Juergen Bartelmess Silvia Giordani Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Nano Carbon Materials, Via Morego 30, 16163 Genova, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.5.207 Abstract This review focuses on the development of multi-layer fullerenes, known as carbon nano-onions (CNOs). First, it briefly summarizes the most

• applications and addressing drawbacks for possible applications, such as poor solubility in common solvents. Finally, it gives an overview over the fields of application, in which CNO materials were successfully implemented. Keywords: carbon nanomaterials; carbon nano-onions; fullerenes; functionalization

• ], carbon nanohorns [5], nanodiamonds [6] and graphene [7]. Multi-shell fullerenes, known as carbon nano-onions (CNOs) and discovered by Ugarte in 1992 [8], are structured by concentric shells of carbon atoms. Over the last years, different methods for their synthesis have been developed and their