Comparison of fresh and aged lithium iron phosphate cathodes using a tailored electrochemical strain microscopy technique

• Matthias Simolka,
• Hanno Kaess and
• Kaspar Andreas Friedrich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 583–596, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.46

• excitation dc-voltage amplitudes, the short excitation time of only 10 ms and the inert gas atmosphere. This prevents the generation of a water droplet meniscus at the tip–sample junction, which can serve as an electrolyte for electrochemical reactions. The increase of the ESM signal intensity for the fresh

Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• system of a semiconductor. Torres et al. reported calculations of a charge-transfer complex of para-methyl red/TiO2 in the gas phase where the isomerisation is fully quenched. The photoexcited state is oxidized immediately through a charge transfer from the azobenzene to TiO2 and no conformational change

Electrochemically derived functionalized graphene for bulk production of hydrogen peroxide

• Munaiah Yeddala,
• Pallavi Thakur,
• Anugraha A and
• Tharangattu N. Narayanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 432–442, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.34

• presence of a catalyst [15] is one of the possible routes having high yield, while the direct mixing of H2 and O2 can be explosive in nature [16], and hence requires a large quantity of another gas such as N2 and CO2 to dilute the reactant gases [17]. Electrochemical synthesis methods such as the PEM fuel

• H2 gas [9]. The major roadblock in this method is the development of a sustainable electrocatalyst for the selective reduction of oxygen to H2O2 [19][20][21][22][23]. Today, most electrochemical H2O2 production methods rely on precious-metal-based materials or transition metal and/or metal oxides

• equilibrium). This indicates the presence of C=O groups and their role in electrochemical processes. The ORR activity of different EEG samples is estimated using a conventional three-electrode system. The CV profiles of EEG-modified GCE in 0.1 M KOH electrolyte saturated with N2 and O2 gas are displayed in

Nanoparticles based on the zwitterionic pillar[5]arene and Ag⁺: synthesis, self-assembly and cytotoxicity in the human lung cancer cell line A549

• Dmitriy N. Shurpik,
• Denis A. Sevastyanov,
• Pavel V. Zelenikhin,
• Pavel L. Padnya,
• Vladimir G. Evtugyn,
• Yuriy N. Osin and
• Ivan I. Stoikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 421–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.33

• ) were obtained on an AmazonX mass spectrometer (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany). The measurements were carried out in the regime of positive ions in the range of m/z from 100 to 2800. The voltage on the capillary was −4500 V. Nitrogen was used as the gas-drier with a temperature of 300 °C and a

DFT calculations of the structure and stability of copper clusters on MoS₂

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 391–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.30

• ) adsorbed on MoS2. The energy of a single gas phase Cu atom (ECu_atom) is multiplied by n, the number of Cu atoms in adsorbed Cun. 2. Binding energy with reference to a free Cun cluster: where ECu_cluster is the energy of the most favourable Cun nanocluster structure in vacuum. For two atoms, this is a Cu2

• positive binding energy when calculated with Equation 2, indicating that they are unstable. However, this is most likely due to the most favourable gas phase three-atom cluster having a different structure from that taken upon adsorption on the MoS2 ML. When calculating the stability using adsorbed Cu3

Formation of nanoripples on ZnO flat substrates and nanorods by gas cluster ion bombardment

• Xiaomei Zeng,
• Vasiliy Pelenovich,
• Bin Xing,
• Rakhim Rakhimov,
• Wenbin Zuo,
• Alexander Tolstogouzov,
• Chuansheng Liu,
• Dejun Fu and
• Xiangheng Xiao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 383–390, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.29

• parallel steps or ribs. The more ordered ripple formation on nanorods can be associated with the confinement of the nanorod facets in comparison with the quasi-infinite surface of the flat substrates. Keywords: cluster ion bombardment; gas cluster ion beam; surface ripples; ZnO nanorods; Introduction The

• surface by the ion beam and thermal diffusion of the target atoms. Recently, the gas cluster ion beams (GCIB) technique has been introduced as a mask-free method to produce nanostructures on solid surfaces [11][12]. Among its advantages are the lack of chemical contamination and the low damage to the

• subsurface layer. A gas cluster is a relatively stable particle, which consists of about a thousand atoms or molecules bound by van der Waals interactions. Cluster beams have attracted great attention because of their unusual properties, such as, the high mass–charge ratio, the ability to transport more

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• mesoporosity of these monolithic carbon materials was studied by the sorption behavior of a relatively large organic molecule (p-xylene) in comparison to typical gas adsorbates (Ar). In addition, to obtain a detailed view on the nanopore space small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) combined with in situ

• lead to unfavorable bottlenecks. These narrow bottlenecks can act as a barrier for larger molecules, which block the pore access and lower the pore connectivity. Therefore, we want to investigate the adsorption behavior of monolithic carbon materials for larger molecules in comparison to typical gas

Nonequilibrium Kondo effect in a graphene-coupled quantum dot in the presence of a magnetic field

• Levente Máthé and
• Ioan Grosu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 225–239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.17

• heterostructure consisting of a two dimensional electron gas. The energy of the confined electrons can be changed using a gate electrode [30]. The Coulomb repulsion energy in the QD is assumed to be U ≈ 480 meV, i.e., U/D = 0.069, an acceptable value for magnetic impurities in graphene [56][57][58]. To estimate

• gas [55][93][94]. The Bohr magneton is μB = 58 μeV/T [55]. For the applied magnetic field we choose values close to B ≈ 5 T, which is preferable for experimental measurements [55][93][94]. Thus, the Zeeman splitting becomes Δεd ≈ 125 μeV, which corresponds to Δεd/D ≈ 17 × 10−6. The values of the

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• by increasing the content of all three GnPs. This was attributed to the high thermal stability of the GnPs, the GnPs’ shielding effect on the combustion gas diffusion into and out of the polymer during its thermal decomposition [18], the barrier effect of the GnPs, the removal of free radicals, which

Simple synthesis of nanosheets of rGO and nitrogenated rGO

• Pallellappa Chithaiah,
• Madhan Mohan Raju,
• Giridhar U. Kulkarni and
• C. N. R. Rao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 68–75, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.7

• oxide (H-rGO) was obtained as follows. 0.5 g of the rGO sample was taken in a ceramic boat and placed in a tube furnace. The sample was heated at 700 °C for 1 h in a continuous flow of H2/Ar gas (5% hydrogen gas with Argon). After the reaction, the temperature was allowed to cool down to room

Recent progress in perovskite solar cells: the perovskite layer

• Xianfeng Dai,
• Ke Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 51–60, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.5

• , Kim et al. [50] introduced an external air-blowing system to the slot-die coating apparatus. The external air-blowing system is made up of a slot-die head releasing high-pressure nitrogen gas. Air-blowing simulates the effect of gas quenching encountered in the spin coating method. During the slot-die

• -coating step, gas quenching and substrate heating were combined to control the drying rate of the perovskite precursor solution, resulting in a uniform and compact high-quality perovskite layer. A PCE of 12.7% was achieved when a print friendly hole transport layer was introduced. Recently, several

Influence of the epitaxial composition on N-face GaN KOH etch kinetics determined by ICP-OES

• Markus Tautz,
• Maren T. Kuchenbrod,
• Joachim Hertkorn,
• Robert Weinberger,
• Martin Welzel,
• Arno Pfitzner and
• David Díaz Díaz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 41–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.4

• microscopy (SEM) images were recorded on a Zeiss Gemini Leo 1530 microscope with an acceleration voltage of 2 keV and SE2 detection. For ICP-OES determination of the etch rate, a Thermo Fisher iCAP 6500 device was used. Plasma conditions were 1150 W power, 1.5 L min−1 support gas stream, 0.5 L min−1 spray

• gas stream and 12 L min−1 cooling gas stream. The Ga concentration obtained was averaged from three separate subsequent measurements of the identical dilution. The maximum integration time was set to 15 s. Both low and high standard solutions were prepared with identical concentrations of pure KOH and

An investigation on the drag reduction performance of bioinspired pipeline surfaces with transverse microgrooves

• Weili Liu,
• Hongjian Ni,
• Peng Wang and
• Yi Zhou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 24–40, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.3

• Weili Liu Hongjian Ni Peng Wang Yi Zhou School of Petroleum Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China Key Laboratory of Unconventional Oil & Gas Development (China University of Petroleum (East China)), Ministry of Education, Qingdao 266580, China Department of

• severely hinders the exploration of oil and gas resources in deep wells [4][5][6]; therefore, it is necessary to put additional effort into reducing the skin friction drag. Conventional hydraulic drag reduction methods include the development of high-performance polymer additives to reduce fluid viscosity

• [7][8][9], the injection of gas to modify the turbulent boundary characteristics [10], and the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces to reduce the adhesion [11]. However, the application of polymer additives is not economic and the antidrag performance of additives is also instable under some

Fully amino acid-based hydrogel as potential scaffold for cell culturing and drug delivery

• Dávid Juriga,
• Evelin Sipos,
• Orsolya Hegedűs,
• Gábor Varga,
• Miklós Zrínyi,
• Krisztina S. Nagy and
• Angéla Jedlovszky-Hajdú

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2579–2593, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.249

• stress and λ is the deformation ratio, which can be calculated as the ratio of the actual height and the initial height of the cylinder. G can be expressed as: where R is the gas constant, T is the temperature, Φ represents the polymer volume fraction of the gel, v* is the concentration of the

• study the effect of the DTT concentration on the swelling degree of the gels, PASP-20CYS-LYS gels were immersed in DTT solutions of pH 8 at different DTT concentrations (0.001−1.6 mmol/mL). In order to avoid the oxidation of DTT, the samples were rinsed with nitrogen gas. The weight of the gel disks was

Advanced hybrid nanomaterials

• Andreas Taubert,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pierre Rabu and
• Verónica de Zea Bermudez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2563–2567, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.247

• fire retardancy and gas permeation in a low molecular weight epoxy resin [28]. Regarding specific applications, the dielectric properties were investigated by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS) in “Nanocomposite–parylene C thin films with high dielectric constant and low losses for future organic

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• cystabn (13.3 μmol in 2 mL methanol) and stirred for 24 h at RT under nitrogen gas. After confirmation of successful conjugation by MALDI–TOF mass spectrometry analysis the solvent was evaporated and the reaction mixture re-dissolved in milli-Q water. Unreacted peptide was removed by dialysis against

Antimony deposition onto Au(111) and insertion of Mg

• Lingxing Zan,
• Da Xing,
• Abdelaziz Ali Abd-El-Latif and
• Helmut Baltruschat

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2541–2552, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.245

• voltammogram of Au(111) in 0.1 M H2SO4 is shown in the inset of Figure 1. The interpretation of the voltammetric feature of Au(111) has been previously reported [21][22][23]. All aqueous electrolytes were prepared using 18.2 MΩ Milli-Q water and deaerated with high purity argon gas for at least 15 min before

• also employed. All aqueous electrolytes were prepared by 18.2 MΩ Milli-Q water and deaerated with high purity argon gas for at least 15 min before use. Electrochemical measurements in 0.1 M H2SO4 (spectro pure grade) were carried out in a conventional three electrode glass H-cell consisting of three

Synthesis and acetone sensing properties of ZnFe₂O₄/rGO gas sensors

• Kaidi Wu,
• Yifan Luo,
• Ying Li and
• Chao Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2516–2526, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.242

• about 600–1000 nm. The gas sensing test revealed that the introduction of rGO improved the performance of the sensing of acetone to low concentration, and the ZnFe2O4/rGO composite gas sensor containing 0.5 wt % of rGO exhibited a high sensitivity in sensing test using 0.8–100 ppm acetone at 200 °C. The

• ; composites; gas sensor; reduced graphene oxide (rGO); ZnFe2O4 hollow spheres; Introduction As a synthetic raw material in industrial production, acetone is chemically active and extremely flammable. It is toxic if its concentration exceeds 173 ppm, and long-term exposure to acetone poses a serious threat to

• human health [1][2]. Furthermore, acetone is also a fat metabolite in the human body. According to the related literature, the concentration of acetone in the exhaled gas of healthy people is less than 0.8 ppm, while that in exhaled gas of diabetic patients is higher than 1.8 ppm [3][4]. In this view

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• content of 50 atom %. Additionally, an estimation of the effective experimental cooling rate was made. Keywords: composite nanoparticle; gas-phase synthesis; molecular dynamics modelling; Introduction In recent years, due to the development of various methods of synthesis, it has become possible to

• they are immiscible in the bulk state. In addition to chemical techniques [9][10][11][12], physical methods such as gas-phase methods [5][6][15], laser ablation [7][8][16], and magnetron-sputter gas-phase condensation [17] have been developed. When these methods are combined with the possibility of

• 20 mA, and the mix begins to evaporate from the surface. The transport gas comes through the nozzle (5), enters into the evaporation chamber (2), and cools the vapours of two substances and transfers them into the intermediate chamber (7) through a nozzle (6) for cooling the vapours and partial

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• food are detected by using many methods including gas chromatography, gas chromatography mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography. These methods suffer from the need of preprocessing and long analysis time. However, SERS technology is a new option to detect pesticide residues in a fast, simple, and

Self-assembly of a terbium(III) 1D coordination polymer on mica

• Quentin Evrard,
• Giuseppe Cucinotta,
• Felix Houard,
• Guillaume Calvez,
• Yan Suffren,
• Carole Daiguebonne,
• Olivier Guillou,
• Andrea Caneschi,
• Matteo Mannini and
• Kevin Bernot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2440–2448, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.234

• . After drying of the cyclohexane under a gentle flux of nitrogen gas, the samples were maintained at 300 K and a relative humidity of 90% for 24 h. Atomic force microscopy measurements. AFM imaging was performed with a P47-PRO instrument (NT-MDT co. Zelenograd, Moscow, Russia) using a NSC-36 silicon tip

pH-Controlled fluorescence switching in water-dispersed polymer brushes grafted to modified boron nitride nanotubes for cellular imaging

• Saban Kalay,
• Yurij Stetsyshyn,
• Volodymyr Donchak,
• Khrystyna Harhay,
• Ostap Lishchynskyi,
• Halyna Ohar,
• Yuriy Panchenko,
• Stanislav Voronov and
• Mustafa Çulha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2428–2439, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.233

• fluorescein acrylate were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. Colemanite (Ca2B6O11·5H2O) was obtained from ETI Mine Works General Management (Turkey). Iron(III) oxide, hydrochloric acid, and nitric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Highly pure NH3 gas (99.98%) was provided by Schick GmbH & Co. KG. All solutions

• BNNTs were dried and stored as a powder. Characterization of BNNTs Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) TGA analysis was performed using a Perkin Elmer Pyris 1 TGA instrument with Thermal Analysis Gas Station and Pyris Version 11.1.1.0497 software. The samples were analyzed under N2 gas flow, which was

Air oxidation of sulfur mustard gas simulants using a pyrene-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst

• Ghada Ayoub,
• Mihails Arhangelskis,
• Xuan Zhang,
• Florencia Son,
• Timur Islamoglu,
• Tomislav Friščić and
• Omar K. Farha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2422–2427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.232

• photosensitizer for generating singlet oxygen and subsequent oxidative degradation of chemical warfare agents (CWAs). The high activity of NU-400 permits photocatalytic conversion of the 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) mustard gas simulant into a benign sulfoxide derivative, in air, with less than 15 minutes

• ; photocatalysis; singlet oxygen; sulfur mustard gas; Introduction Sulfur mustard gas also known as mustard gas, HD, or Yperite belongs to a class of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) known as vesicants, which have detrimental effects on humans, including the blistering of skin upon contact [1]. Even at a low dosage

• [2], this chemical can be fatal. Although in 1993 at the Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC) 192 nations signed an agreement to outlaw the production, stockpiling, and deployment of chemical weapons, sulfur mustard gas has continuously been used against civilians and soldiers over the past several

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• lower assessment thresholds for benzene are limited to 0.6 ppb and 1.05 ppb, respectively. The monitoring method required by the European directive is complex, expensive and time consuming. It is carried out through active/online sampling, using desorption and gas chromatography, which are hardly

• prevention of indoor exposure to harmful aromatic VOCs, a new application has arisen recently for the development of such gas sensors. In fact, recent scientific evidence has shown a correlation between the presence of some VOCs in exhaled human breath and the presence of disease. For instance, the presence

• of trace concentrations of toluene in exhaled breath is associated with lung cancer and can therefore be considered as a biomarker for this pathology [2][3][4]. A gas sensor is generally composed of an active sensing film or material deposited on an electrode. The sensing performance is strongly

Adsorption and desorption of self-assembled L-cysteine monolayers on nanoporous gold monitored by in situ resistometry

• Elisabeth Hengge,
• Eva-Maria Steyskal,
• Rupert Bachler,
• Alexander Dennig,
• Bernd Nidetzky and
• Roland Würschum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2275–2279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.219

• capacitance of 48 μF/cm2 under cysteine-free conditions (Figure 2a,b, black curve) and 8 μF/cm2 after cysteine assembly (Figure 2b, solid green curve) can be estimated. When the lower limit of the CV is extended to −900 mV (limited by gas evolution that might cause sample damage), a desorption peak in the