Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• such as hexagonal BN. Further, its sensitivity is enough to measure stray fields due to, for instance, the current density in graphene flakes or stray fields generated by a vortex in a 100 nm thick superconducting film. Another application of the NV ensemble magnetometer is reported in [57], where the

Improvement of the thermoelectric properties of a MoO₃ monolayer through oxygen vacancies

• Wenwen Zheng,
• Wei Cao,
• Ziyu Wang,
• Huixiong Deng,
• Jing Shi and
• Rui Xiong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2031–2038, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.199

• materials show a better thermoelectric performance than bulk materials [14]. Few-layer MoO3 nanosheets have already been experimentally synthesized by exfoliation similar to graphene [12][13][15][16]. Theoretical research has proved that few-layer MoO3 possesses a markedly high carrier mobility above 3000

Review of advanced sensor devices employing nanoarchitectonics concepts

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Tatsuyuki Makita,
• Masato Ito,
• Taizo Mori,
• Shun Watanabe and
• Jun Takeya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2014–2030, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.198

• , require consideration of bending and deformation according to typical human motions. Someya and co-workers developed transparent bending-insensitive pressure sensors [96]. They nanoengineered pressure sensor materials from composites of carbon nanotubes and graphene with a fluorinated copolymer

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• this lattice spacing as the {1120} lattice plane of graphene [55][56]. It should be noted here that when it comes to CDots, it is common to assign them as graphene rather than graphite, since typically, stacking of a few layers of graphene forms the CDots. The HRTEM micrographs obtained from a ≈9 nm

First principles modeling of pure black phosphorus devices under pressure

• Ximing Rong,
• Zhizhou Yu,
• Zewen Wu,
• Junjun Li,
• Bin Wang and
• Yin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1943–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.190

• the use as field-effect transistor [1][25][26][27][28]. Different from the planar 2D materials, such as graphene and silicene, the puckered configuration of BP makes structural deformation much easier by tension or compression along any direction. Meanwhile, large-scale bandgap modulation accompanied

Facile synthesis of carbon nanotube-supported NiO//Fe₂O₃ for all-solid-state supercapacitors

• Shengming Zhang,
• Xuhui Wang,
• Yan Li,
• Xuemei Mu,
• Yaxiong Zhang,
• Jingwei Du,
• Guo Liu,
• Xiaohui Hua,
• Yingzhuo Sheng,
• Erqing Xie and
• Zhenxing Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1923–1932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.188

• application in various energy-consuming devices. Many materials have been explored to be used in supercapacitors to increase their energy density [4][5]. Carbon materials, especially carbon nanotubes and graphene, endowed with good conductivity and high specific surface area, are ideal candidates, and they

Remarkable electronic and optical anisotropy of layered 1T’-WTe₂ 2D materials

• Qiankun Zhang,
• Rongjie Zhang,
• Jiancui Chen,
• Wanfu Shen,
• Chunhua An,
• Xiaodong Hu,
• Mingli Dong,
• Jing Liu and
• Lianqing Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1745–1753, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.170

• and the possibility to open up new ways for applications of 2D materials for light polarization detection. Keywords: 1T’-WTe2; 2D material; anisotropic; light polarization; optoelectrical; Introduction The first exfoliation of graphene [1] attracted extensive interest in 2D materials such as black

• distorted 1T’ atomic phase, and the selected area electron diffraction (SEAD) pattern illustrated in Figure 1c, which demonstrates the rectangular symmetry of 1T’-WTe2 with space group Pmn21. Furthermore, graphene diffraction spots were utilized for calibrating the SAED pattern, and we measured the lattice

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• but suffer from poor cyclic performance due to the dissolution of intermediate polysulfides. Herein, a lightweight nanoporous TiO2 and graphene oxide (GO) composite is prepared and utilized as an interlayer between a Li anode and a sulfur cathode to suppress the polysulfide migration and improve the

• . Hence, the carbon/metal-oxide hybrid interlayer combines the advantages of carbon and metal oxides and exhibits superior performance over monolithic materials. Recently, the inclusion of V2O5/CNT [29], MoO3@CNT [30], TiO2@CNF [31], TiO2/graphene [32] interlayers has been shown to suppress the shuttle

• effect and the Li/S batteries with these functional interlayers deliver high gravimetric energy density and superior cyclic performance. Two-dimensional graphene oxide (GO) has excellent thermal stability, an ultrahigh specific surface area, and good electrical conductivity. The polysulfide shuttle can

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• graphitic nature as functionalization proceeds by breaking of the C6 rings, and in many cases, with the formation of a sp3 hybridized carbon atoms (out of plane with the graphene layer). Moreover, most of these functional groups will be predominantly formed at graphite edge sites which are much more active

• of various groups on the surface of the felt are shown in Figure 2. Thus, from these results, it can be concluded that N2 plasma treatment can be applied to induce N-doping defects. Both pyrrolic as well as pyridinic N observed in the XPS spectra are incorporated into the graphene layer [19][20]. The

• doping of N as observed here differs from the functionalization by the fact that during the doping process, the N atom is directly bonded with other carbon atoms inside the graphene framework, whereas during the functionalization process, the nitrogen groups are bonded on one of the edge sites of the

Layered double hydroxide/sepiolite hybrid nanoarchitectures for the controlled release of herbicides

• Ediana Paula Rebitski,
• Margarita Darder and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1679–1690, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.163

• are arranged regularly along the structural edges of the fiber, being advantageous to produce functional nanoarchitectures. Thus, in recent years the number of publications related to the assembly of different types of nanoparticulated solids (e.g., metals, metal oxides, and graphene) and sepiolite or

Graphynes: an alternative lightweight solution for shock protection

• Kang Xia,
• Haifei Zhan,
• Aimin Ji,
• Jianli Shao,
• Yuantong Gu and
• Zhiyong Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1588–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.154

• carbon allotropes in nature. They consist of networks of sp2- and sp3-hybridized carbon atoms, respectively. Replacing a carbon–carbon bond in graphene by a acetylenic triple bond (–C≡C–), two-dimensional sp–sp2-hybridized GY is obtained [1]. Depending on the percentage of acetylenic linkages, different

• numerically on their counterpart graphene. Studies have revealed that carbon chains in graphene are surprisingly stable under electron bombardment [23][24][25]. Applying a miniaturized ballistic setup, the specific penetration energy of multilayer graphene has been reported to be more than 10 times higher

• than that of metal protection materials [26]. Based on this understanding, several in silico works followed. Axial-wave and cone-wave propagation patterns of graphene sheets under supersonic-velocity impact allows the graphene sheets to transfer more momentum per unit area and hence provide better

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• perturbations such as microwave and plasma irradiation [45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Carbon nanotubes, representative one-dimensional objects, were produced using catalysts as well [52][53][54][55]. Recently, two-dimensional materials such as graphene and MoS2 nanosheets attracted the interests of researchers

• reported. Jayavel, Shrestha, and co-workers demonstrated the enhanced performance of electrochemical supercapacitors using composites of cobalt oxide nanoparticles and reduced graphene oxide, which are zero-dimensional and two-dimensional nanomaterials, respectively [86]. Leong and co-workers reported a

• applications (by Xu, Lee, and co-workers [135]) and substrate channelling between enzymes with graphene oxide nanosheets (by Yang and co-workers [136]) can be mentioned. The nanoarchitectonics bottom-up approaches preserving the nanostructural properties are highly useful for the fabrication of low-dimensional

Synthesis of P- and N-doped carbon catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction via controlled phosphoric acid treatment of folic acid

• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1497–1510, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.148

• are donated to the π-electron system. These differences in the number of electrons supplied to the π-electron system result in differences in the N 1s peak binding energies. Strelko et al. conducted quantum chemical calculations to characterize N-doped graphene, revealing that the electronic states of

• hydrogenated pyridinic N and the three-coordinated N located in the valley at the zigzag edge of graphene are similar to that of pyrrolic N [21]. Detailed analysis of N 1s and P 2p spectra showed that the presence of N–P bonds in carbonized products can be excluded and demonstrated that P was mainly present as

Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• as amorphous carbon [8], carbon nanofibers [7], carbon nanotubes [8] and graphene [9]) has already been demonstrated to be quite attractive. Typically, the electrodes are prepared by mixing these composites as active material with a polymeric binder, conductive carbon and an organic solvent to form a

• -dimensional (2D) graphene has attained significant interest. Nevertheless, materials with higher performance are necessary [26][27]. MoS2 is seen, due its layered graphene-analogous structure, as a promising alternative providing a large surface area, which is favorable for double-layer charge storage [27][28

• . Moreover, an appropriate heat management scheme has to be taken into account in real applications as it has been already shown for other nanomaterials [30][31]. Introducing support materials, such as graphene or carbon nanotubes (CNTs) can alleviate these problems and improve the performance of the

Hierarchically structured 3D carbon nanotube electrodes for electrocatalytic applications

• Pei Wang,
• Katarzyna Kulp and
• Michael Bron

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1475–1487, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.146

• graphene oxide, etc.) have been recently studied to improve the reaction performance, enhance stability and thus reduce the cost [37][38][39][40][41]. It was reported that Pt supported on these optimized catalyst supports provides higher electrocatalytical activity towards methanol oxidation and increased

• , bottom-up synthesis approaches have been suggested, including branching or hierarchical structuring of carbon-based catalyst supports. In these approaches, one-dimensional (1D, e.g., CNTs or nano-/microfibers) or two-dimensional carbon materials (2D, e.g., graphene) are transformed into three-dimensional

• (3D) structures by attaching other nanofibers or carbon materials. Examples are nanofibers distributed on polymer-based microfibers, CNTs grown on graphene, CNT–carbon black hybrids, graphene- or polymer-coated CNTs, and so on [45][46][47][48][49][50][51]. Another approach for hierarchical structuring

Nanoscale spatial mapping of mechanical properties through dynamic atomic force microscopy

• Zahra Abooalizadeh,
• Leszek Josef Sudak and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1332–1347, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.132

• , while the CR mode better highlighted areas of reduced elastic modulus (although it was difficult to convert the data into a quantifiable modulus). In the FMM measurements, single atomic steps of graphene with uncovered step edges showed a decrease in the elastic modulus of approximately 0.5%, which is

• made about HOPG and graphene step edges to interpret friction and AFM tip-convolution measurements made previously. In this paper, CR AFM is used to clearly identify atomic-scale defects, such as atomic step edges, that show mechanical property variations on surfaces of HOPG. FMM is then used to scan

• interacts directly with the sliding AFM probe, as well as a step which is covered by one or several layers of graphene, preventing a direct interaction of the step edge with the sliding AFM tip. Figure 3b shows the simultaneously recorded lateral force map. In this case, the uncovered step was observed to

Multicomponent bionanocomposites based on clay nanoarchitectures for electrochemical devices

• Giulia Lo Dico,
• Bernd Wicklein,
• Lorenzo Lisuzzo,
• Giuseppe Lazzara,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.129

• , multicomponent conductive nanoarchitectured materials integrating halloysite nanotubes (HNTs), graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and chitosan (CHI) have been developed. The resulting nanohybrid suspensions could be easily formed into films or foams, where each individual component plays a critical role in the

• ) develops highly stable and viscous suspensions after sonomechanical treatment in water. Dispersions of disaggregated sepiolite can efficiently suspend nanoparticles of different topologies and hydrophobic nature such as graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in water [25

• , MWCNTs and poly(vinyl alcohol) [25], sepiolite, graphene nanoplatelets, and biopolymers (e.g., alginate, gelatine) [26] and cellulose or foams of microfibrillated cellulose and starch [47], which exhibit Young’s moduli in the range from 0.1 to 9 GPa. The high stiffness of these materials has been

Alloyed Pt₃M (M = Co, Ni) nanoparticles supported on S- and N-doped carbon nanotubes for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Stéphane Louisia,
• Yohann R. J. Thomas,
• Pierre Lecante,
• Marie Heitzmann,
• M. Rosa Axet,
• Pierre-André Jacques and
• Philippe Serp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1251–1269, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.125

• of Ni compared to Co for graphene [49][50] and N-doped carbon [51][52] surfaces has already been reported in the literature and could hint at the origin of our results. The annealing of the N-CNTs has also an impact, since the Pt3Ni/N-CNTHT catalyst shows a better distribution than the Pt3Ni/N-CNT

Photoactive nanoarchitectures based on clays incorporating TiO₂ and ZnO nanoparticles

• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky,
• Pilar Aranda,
• Marwa Akkari,
• Nithima Khaorapapong and
• Makoto Ogawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1140–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.114

• ), carbonaceous materials (carbon nanotubes, graphene, graphene oxide, and activated carbon), layered double hydroxides, layered polysilicates (magadiite and kenyaite), and metal organic frameworks. The role of the inorganic matrices in the assembly of the semiconductor NPs [55][56][57][58][59] is: i) to control

• electronic characteristics, or by adding conducting polymers with different degrees of transparency, or black electronic collectors such as graphene and CNT components to the nanoarchitectured clay-based materials. Photosensitization using organic components is a potential way to improve the photo-efficiency

Glucose-derived carbon materials with tailored properties as electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction

• Rafael Gomes Morais,
• Natalia Rey-Raap,
• José Luís Figueiredo and
• Manuel Fernando Ribeiro Pereira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1089–1102, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.109

• , depends on the precursors used and the method of synthesis applied. Nitrogen-doped carbon materials have been synthesized by applying different doping methods to different types of materials, such as CNTs [12][23][26], graphene [20][25][27], carbon aerogels [15][28], carbon nanofibers [29], carbon

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• InGaAs/GaAs-on-GaAs superlattice as a SA to realize 1557 nm, 1.2 ps, transformation-limited pulse generation [9]. Following this, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene, topological insulators (TIs), transition metal disulfides (TMDs) and black phosphorus (BP) were used as SAs to realize passively mode-locked

Electronic and magnetic properties of doped black phosphorene with concentration dependence

• Ke Wang,
• Hai Wang,
• Min Zhang,
• Yan Liu and
• Wei Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 993–1001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.100

• graphene has led to extensive research efforts on two-dimensional (2D) materials. Although graphene exhibits large carrier mobility and intriguing mechanical properties, its zero bandgap impedes its application in spintronic devices [1][2]. Subsequently, 2D transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) have

• and high carrier mobility [7][8]. Unlike zero-band-gap graphene, the layer-dependent bandgap of black phosphorene ranges from 0.31 to 1.9 eV [9]. The hole-dominated mobility of phosphorene is up to 1000 cm2·V−1·s−1 theoretically [10], which is much higher than that of TMDs. These properties render

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• spectroscopy. Figure 2 shows the Raman spectra of TGP and the treated samples. After the coating of TGP with CSnPc, the Am and D2 peaks appeared in addition to the G and D peaks. The peaks are ascribed to amorphous carbon, the surface graphene layers as a disordered graphitic lattice, the ideal graphitic

• lattice, and the graphene layer edges also as the disordered graphitic lattice, respectively [21][22]. The presence of the Am peak indicates that CSnPc is amorphous. The Am peak is decreased (Table 2) and the D peak is increased in the spectrum for TGP-CSnPc-550Air. The ratios between the intensities of

Direct growth of few-layer graphene on AlN-based resonators for high-sensitivity gravimetric biosensors

• Jimena Olivares,
• Teona Mirea,
• Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier,
• Bruno Marco,
• José Miguel Escolano,
• Marta Clement and
• Enrique Iborra

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 975–984, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.98

• Jimena Olivares Teona Mirea Lorena Gordillo-Dagallier Bruno Marco Jose Miguel Escolano Marta Clement Enrique Iborra GMME-CEMDATIC, ETSI de Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Spain 10.3762/bjnano.10.98 Abstract We present the successful growth of few-layer graphene on top of AlN

• reached during the CVD growth of graphene (up to 650 °C). The active AlN films, purposely grown with the c-axis tilted, effectively excite shear modes displaying excellent in-liquid performance, with electromechanical coupling and quality factors of around 3% and 150, respectively, which barely vary after

• graphene integration. Raman spectra reveal that the as-grown graphene is composed of less than five weakly coupled layers with a low density of defects. Two functionalization protocols of the graphene are proposed. The first one, based on a covalent binding approach, starts with a low-damage O2 plasma

The systemic effect of PEG-nGO-induced oxidative stress in vivo in a rodent model

• Qura Tul Ain,
• Samina Hyder Haq,
• Abeer Alshammari,
• Moudhi Abdullah Al-Mutlaq and
• Muhammad Naeem Anjum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 901–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.91

• , Kingdom of Saudi Arabia 10.3762/bjnano.10.91 Abstract Oxidative stress (OS) plays an important role in the pathology of certain human diseases. Scientists have developed great interest regarding the determination of oxidative stress caused after the administration of nano-graphene composites (PEG-nGO

• ). Graphene oxide sheets (GOS) were synthesized via a modified Hummer's method and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy (UV), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The method of Zhang was adopted for cracking of GOS. Then nano-graphene oxide was PEGylated with

• increased OS even after 4 h. In conclusion increased OS induced by PEG-nGO could be detrimental to brain, heart and kidneys. Keywords: nano-graphene oxide; nanomedicine; oxidative stress; PEGylation; Introduction The recent progress in nanoscience and nanotechnology that has facilitated the synthesis of