Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• . Scanning electron microscopy was used to compare the morphology between untreated and delignified fibers and tracheids. X-ray tomography enabled us to reconstruct high-resolution 3D models of delignified single tracheids or fibers, providing information on the pit arrangements. Moreover, delignification

• connections between neighboring cells. This knowledge is valuable for optimizing wood processing techniques, developing new wood-based materials and improving the understanding of wood anatomy and its biological function. By removing lignin, it is now possible to obtain high-resolution 3D models of separated

• largely absent from scientific literature. Although previous studies have examined wood anatomy using various imaging techniques, such as X-ray micro-computed tomography in addition to scanning and transmission electron microscopy [22][23][24][25][26][27], high-resolution 3D reconstructions of single

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• a pass energy of 40 eV for high resolution, narrow scan window spectra (100 meV step size, 500 ms dwell time), and 160 eV for wide scans (1000 meV step size, 200 ms dwell time), using a monochromated Al Kα X-ray source, with a photon energy of 1486.7 eV. Spectral peak fitting was carried out using

• CasaXPS (version 2.3.26PR1.0) with Shirley-type backgrounds for the high-resolution spectra, and elemental composition was calculated from the wide scans using the NPL transmission functions and average matrix relative sensitivity factors after removal of a Tougaard or linear background [45]. Results and

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• set to 1.38 and 0.010, respectively. Water was set as the dispersant, the temperature was set to 25 °C, while the attenuation was set to 11. The 'general purpose (normal distribution)' was chosen as the analysis model. High-resolution automated electrophoresis of the adsorbed proteins onto

• at the initial time points of incubation) contains more proteins than the hard corona formed at later time intervals, resulting in a larger particle diameter at early incubation periods. High-resolution automated electrophoresis of adsorbed proteins onto the nanoliposomal surface In the next step

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• demonstrations, recent reviews [48][49] emphasize that achieving true 3D luminescence thermometry remains a major challenge as most implementations rely on complex instrumentation and confined imaging volumes. Therefore, extending nanothermometry toward fast, high-resolution volumetric mapping represents an

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• while expecting good biocompatibility. The use of size-controlled synthesis enables the exploration of size-dependent magnetic properties, while the direct characterization of the core–shell structure using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and high-resolution transmission electron

• evaluation of the Mössbauer spectra was performed by least-square fitting of lines using the Winnormos (Wissel) program. The error on all Fe Mössbauer spectra was ±0.1 mm·s−1. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) images were performed

• focused on precise control of shape and size, critical factors for tuning magnetic behavior. By employing thermal decomposition, Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 NPs were synthesized with a well-defined polyhedral morphology, as confirmed by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) (Figure 1). This morphology

Visualizing nanostructures in supramolecular hydrogels: a correlative study using confocal and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy

• Shaun M. Smith,
• Ferdinando Malagreca,
• Jacqueline Hicks,
• Giuseppe Mantovani,
• David B. Amabilino,
• Christopher Parmenter and
• Lluïsa Pérez-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2274–2284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.156

• features were visible but appeared diffuse and poorly resolved, indicating that the low fluorescence quantum yield of ZnPc (see Supporting Information File 1) did not allow CLSM to provide high-contrast, high-resolution imaging of the gel’s internal superstructure. The intrinsic weak emission of ZnPc not

• crystals form, the presence of the ethanol and/or the mechanical strength of the gel are believed to obviate the problem here). The subsequent sublimation of surface ice exposes the underlying fibres. This allows for high-resolution imaging without the extensive drying that can collapse fibrous networks

• may be structurally perturbed. In contrast, DPP-BC enables high-resolution imaging across both techniques with minimal structural disruption. This divergence underscores the importance of selecting fluorophores not merely for brightness, but also for compatibility with the gel matrix and the imaging

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light

• Tian Qiao and
• Ming Lee Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154

• optical spectroscopy, such as CD. However, characterizing local chiral domains can be more challenging. References [21][22] have offered valuable insights through simulations, crystallographic analysis, and high-resolution TEM. A more general model would be desirable through further in-depth studies. 4.2

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

Electromagnetic study of a split-ring resonator metamaterial with cold-electron bolometers

• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Leonid S. Revin and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2199–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.152

• achieve an optimal balance between power load, responsivity, and total noise [17][22]. This capability is particularly critical for applications like cosmic microwave background polarimetry or high-resolution spectroscopy, where the detector must operate photon-noise-limited under a specific background

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• microscopy (SEM) produces high-resolution images of particle shapes. It also indicates surface wear and tear patterns that reflect how old the MP is and how long it has been in the environment [38]. Ease of operation and minimal cost of optical microscopy make it widely used, despite being less sophisticated

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• ) technique that synergistically integrates PeakForce tapping mode with higher eigenmode vibrations to achieve simultaneous high-resolution topographical imaging and to access additional contrast channels for distinguishing material regions or compositions. Unlike conventional multimodal AFM, our method

• traditional dynamic modes, PFT eliminates the need for intricate cantilever tuning by real-time regulation of the interaction force at each scan point. This innovation not only simplifies operation but also enables high-resolution topographic imaging with exceptional stability, even in challenging

• , establishing a novel multifrequency AFM technique. This method synergizes quasi-static force control with dynamic vibrational signals, enabling simultaneous high-resolution topography and mechanical mapping, as well as enhanced material contrast through eigenmode-derived phase imaging. Experimental results

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• . Transverse sections through the tubes could be imaged with high resolution in SEM (JEOL JSM-7200F), showing the arrangement of cement spots binding mineral particles together. The epoxy resin embedding technique provided excellent preservation of the cement spot structure. Honeycomb worms embedded in Spurr

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• deposition, chemical mechanical polishing, and laser nanopatterning, enable the creation of nanostructures and nanoscale devices. However, a major limitation of these methods is their inability to effectively produce high-resolution three-dimensional nanostructures [1][2][3][4]. In contrast, focused electron

• adsorbed on the surface, such as electron-stimulated desorption, high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy, and focused electron beam secondary ion mass spectrometry [5]. To characterize compounds in terms of their applicability in the FIBID process, comparisons are made with the FEBID process, and

• technique, which is a high-resolution analytical method that can provide elemental information at the nanoscale. This step ensures precise identification and quantification of all elements present in the grown structures. (7) The final step involves examining the chemical composition of the resulted

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• ]. The challenge for high-resolution AFM is designing such a detector for a test mass hosting a sharp tip that is scanned over a surface in ultrahigh vacuum and at ultralow temperature. In this paper, we report on an AFM cantilever force sensor with an integrated detector consisting of a compact

• have demonstrated ultralow-temperature AFM operation with a kinetic-inductive electromechanical (KIMEC) force sensor. In comparison with state-of-the-art low-temperature AFM, these initial AFM images are not of particularly high resolution. However, our AFM was built into a standard pulse-tube dilution

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• thin surface layer with a depth of a few nanometers. The deconvolution of the high-resolution C 1s peak of XPS spectra is illustrated in Figure 5 for GO and in Figure 6 for PI. Spectra are shown for unmodified samples and for samples exposed to the highest ion fluence (1 × 1016 cm−2). More detailed

• implantation energy. The deconvolution of the C 1s region in high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of pristine PI is depicted in Figure 6a, illustrating four distinct carbon components. These components include C–C carbons originating from the aromatic rings of the oxydianiline portion

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• integrate high-resolution computed tomography-based geometries to further elucidate the mechanisms underlying hygroscopic actuation. This integrative approach will bridge experimental findings with computational modeling and advance plant biomechanics and biomimetic transfer. Keywords: digital volume

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

•  11 shows high-resolution photoelectron spectra of As 3d, In 4d, and Hf 4f core levels before and after the first TDMAHf half-cycle on the four samples. The oxide peaks of As and In disappear for all the thermal oxide (samples A–C), and HfOx peaks emerge consistently across samples with differing

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• drying. The P25 loading was ca. 50.0 mg (≈1.0 mg/cm2), nearly the same as that of the TiO2 nanowires on carbon cloth. Characterizations The morphologies were analyzed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM, Zeiss Germany Sigma 300) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• ,5H)-trione pentenoic anhydride (PBTPA), Mo-polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), W-beeswax, and Mo-polycaprolactone [65][66][67][68][69][70][71]. However, in the case of high-performance devices that require high-resolution micropatterning, the application of conventional silicon

• electronic devices on a large-area substrate, such as a silicon wafer, followed by backside etching to remove the handle or box layers, thereby isolating the functional thin film for transfer onto a biodegradable substrate. This wafer-level technique offers a promising route to large-area, high-resolution

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, and Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopies, and the correlation of the NP properties with the laser beam profile was studied. Three different beam profiles were selected, namely, a Bessel beam produced using an axicon, an

• structure of the formed NPs were analyzed by means of ultraviolet–visible (UV–vis) spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Raman and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopies. Particle size and morphology

Cross-reactivities in conjugation reactions involving iron oxide nanoparticles

• Shoronia N. Cross,
• Katalin V. Korpany,
• Hanine Zakaria and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1504–1521, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.106

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• , and enhanced signal-to-noise ratio besides high-resolution scanning applications [4][5]. These properties have made nanoscale electrodes the preferred choice in the biosensing industry, particularly for point-of-care applications. As this market continues to expand, there is a growing demand for more

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• states of the Ag@PCTA membrane. In the high-resolution Ag 3d spectrum of Figure 3b, the characteristic BEs of Ag 3d5/2 and Ag 3d3/2 are observed at around 368.5 and 374.3 eV, respectively. These values are indicative of the presence of Ag0, which was also well established in the literature [29][30][31

• , PCTA, and Ag@PCTA. High-resolution XPS spectra of Ag in (b) CTA, (c) PCTA, and (d) Ag@PCTA. (a, c, e) Top-view and (b, d, f) cross-sectional SEM images of (a, c) CTA, (c, d) PCTA, and (e, f) Ag@PCTA membrane surfaces. The inset (top right) provides a higher magnification view of the selected region

Automated collection and categorisation of STM images and STS spectra with and without machine learning

• Dylan Stewart Barker and
• Adam Sweetman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1367–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.99

• spectroscopic measurements. The ability to automate this process is a key aim in development of high resolution scanning probe materials characterisation. In this paper, we assess the feasibility of automating the assessment of imaging quality, and spectroscopic tip quality, via both machine learning (ML) and

• statistical analysis. Deterministic methods can be easily implemented to classify the imaging and spectroscopic quality of a STM tip for the purposes of high-resolution STM and STS on small organic molecules. Via automated classification of the tip state, we demonstrate an automated experiment that can

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• parallel to the incident beam polarization. In all FESEM images, the incident polarization direction is represented by a violet arrow at the top left corner. High-resolution images of the embedded HSFL ladder-like structure is shown in Figure 5 for two wavelengths for better understanding. The aspect ratio

• . Surface patterns of the optimized ladder structures on a stainless steel surface at various incidence wavelengths. High-resolution images of ladder-like LIPSS formed at two incident wavelengths: 900 and 2200 nm. The violet arrows show the polarization direction. Variations of spatial periodicity of (A

• voltage of 10 kV. In this procedure, a steel plate served as the cathode and was submerged in the oxalic acid solution, while the steel sample acted as the anode and was also immersed in the solution. Etching was carried out for 80 s to unveil the microstructure. Characterization and measurements High