Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• in Figure 1b are high-resolution AFM images of CuPc/MoSe2. The upper inset exhibits a step from the SiO2/Si substrate to the border of the MoSe2 flake, and the lower inset shows a distinct transition from the border to the center of the MoSe2 flake. The MoSe2 flake is fully covered by CuPc molecule

• of 5 nm of CuPc. (a) Bright-field optical image of CuPc/MoSe2. (b) AFM topographic image of CuPc/MoSe2. The upper and lower insets show high-resolution AFM images (2 × 2 μm) scanned from the SiO2/Si substrate to the border of MoSe2 flake and from the border to the center of MoSe2 flake, respectively

Effects of substrate stiffness on the viscoelasticity and migration of prostate cancer cells examined by atomic force microscopy

• Xiaoqiong Tang,
• Yan Zhang,
• Jiangbing Mao,
• Yuhua Wang,
• Zhenghong Zhang,
• Zhengchao Wang and
• Hongqin Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 560–569, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.47

• with 2 mL of PBS. Then, the cells were observed in QI working mode with Setpoint 1 nN, Z length of 2000 nm, and pixel time of 50 ms. The topography scanning at each pixel position (128 × 128) of the selected area (50 μm × 50 μm) was done to obtain high-resolution surface topography features of cells

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• high-resolution mass spectrometer. Synthesis of GSH-Rh6G and GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2 GNPs with a concentration of about 2.5 × 10−4 M were synthesized using a citrate reduction method [38]. 100 mL of HAuCl4 solution (0.24 mM) was boiled and stirred vigorously. To the mixture was swiftly added 3.5 mL of sodium

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

Investigation of electron-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers by scanning tunneling microscopy

• Patrick Stohmann,
• Sascha Koch,
• Yang Yang,
• Christopher David Kaiser,
• Julian Ehrens,
• Jürgen Schnack,
• Niklas Biere,
• Dario Anselmetti,
• Armin Gölzhäuser and
• Xianghui Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 462–471, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.39

• separation [36][37][38][39][40][41][42]. The interactions between aromatic SAMs and electrons have been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), near-edge X-ray-absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS) technique [43][44][45][46][47][48][49], infrared spectroscopy [43][50][51][52], high-resolution

• to the surface normal [65]. Figure 2b (bottom panel) shows a high-resolution image of the β-phase, which is characterized by rows of oval spots aligned at an angle of ≈60° with respect to the stripe direction. Each oval spot contains two TPT molecules. Such superstructure is caused by point-on-line

• well as gold monolayer islands. Domain boundaries are marked by black solid lines. (b) Top panel: high-resolution image of the α-phase (+0.4 V, 100 pA); bottom panel: high-resolution image of the β-phase (+0.4 V, 70 pA). (c) Low-magnification STM image (+1.0 V, 30 pA) of monolayers prepared from the

Thermal oxidation process on Si(113)-(3 × 2) investigated using high-temperature scanning tunneling microscopy

• Hiroya Tanaka,
• Shinya Ohno,
• Kazushi Miki and
• Masatoshi Tanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 172–181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.12

• the literature. Initial oxidation processes were identified based on high-resolution STM images. Keywords: high-index Si surface; in situ measurement; oxidation; scanning tunneling microscopy (STM); Introduction High-index silicon surfaces have drawn considerable interest for their usefulness in

• the Si 2p and O 1s core levels in detail during thermal oxidation using high-resolution X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy with synchrotron radiation [7][8][9]. Using a state-of-the-art wet oxidation procedure, we also reduced the interface trap density (Dit) at the SiO2/Si interface on the Si(113

• ]. Structure model of oxidized Si(113)-(3 × 2) A high-resolution STM image obtained for the oxidation regime is shown in Figure 7a. Here, the total oxygen exposure is 30 L. We found that the oxidized parts exhibit well-resolved bright protrusions. There are three patterns with reference to the (3 × 1) lattice

Theranostic potential of self-luminescent branched polyethyleneimine-coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

• Rouhollah Khodadust,
• Ozlem Unal and
• Havva Yagci Acar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 82–95, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.6

• capping layer from the nanocrystal and perform image processing on a squire containing two particles protruding under vacuum using a high-resolution transmission electron microscope. For this purpose, a reduced fast Fourier transform (FFT) of a region containing two SPION@bPEI crystal particles protrude

Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

• Carl Drechsel,
• Philipp D’Astolfo,
• Jung-Ching Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Rémy Pawlak and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

• demonstrated. We show a general propensity of these adsorbates to diffuse at low temperature under gentle scanning conditions. Our findings provide new insights into high-resolution probe microscopy imaging with terminated tips, decoupling atoms and molecules by NaCl islands or tip-induced lateral manipulation

• enable the development of functionalized tips, obtained by picking up a single molecule from a surface. This has been an important milestone for low-temperature STM/AFM techniques since the CO tip nowadays enables systematic high-resolution measurements of surfaces, molecules and atoms [33][34][35]. It

• believe that our results help to identify these adsorbates and constitute an important step for future experiments to perform high-resolution STM/AFM imaging with CO-terminated tips or in the electronic decoupling of atoms and molecules from the prototypical Pb(111) superconducting surface. Experimental

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• and cleaning were performed with an Ar ion beam in a Fischione Nanomill 1040 at 900 eV and 500 eV beam energy, respectively. TEM and energy-filtered TEM (EFTEM) imaging were performed with a FEI Tecnai F20 at 200 kV. High-resolution HAADF imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) chemical mapping were

Chemical vapor deposition of germanium-rich CrGe_x nanowires

• Vladislav Dřínek,
• Stanislav Tiagulskyi,
• Roman Yatskiv,
• Jan Grym,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Věra Jandová,
• Martin Koštejn and
• Jaroslav Kupčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1365–1371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.100

• Sciences, Chaberská 1014/57, 182 51 Prague 8, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.12.100 Abstract Chemical vapor deposition was applied to synthetize nanostructured deposits containing several sorts of nanoobjects (i.e., nanoballs, irregular particles, and nanowires). Analytical techniques, that is, high

• -resolution transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, electron dispersive X-ray analysis, selected area electron diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, showed that unlike nanoballs and particles composed of crystalline germanium, the layer was made of chromium germanide CrGex

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• phase of the samples is consistent with the XRD results. The formation of spherical NPs was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (Figure 2a). The nanospheres are uniformally distributed throughout the surface of the samples. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images

• of the (311) plane [30]: where D is the average crystallite size, K = 0.94, λ = 1.54 Å is the X-ray wavelength, β represents the full width at half maximum (FWHM), and θ represents the Bragg's diffraction angle. The surface morphology and major elemental composition were obtained by high-resolution

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• CrossBeam 540 scanning electron microscope (SEM) operated at 2 kV was used. For microstructure analysis of the plasmonic structures, a TALOS F200X high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) was used. The chemical composition of the luminescent layers was investigated by X-ray photoelectron

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• other properties with a high resolution [43]. Finally, when the flow systems are under extreme conditions, such as at high shear rates, it has also been proven that numerical simulations are more efficient than experimental methods [45]. Therefore, in this review we mainly focus on the numerical

Two dynamic modes to streamline challenging atomic force microscopy measurements

• Alexei G. Temiryazev,
• Andrey V. Krayev and
• Marina P. Temiryazeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1226–1236, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.90

• for scanning a large rough area with a probe oscillating at a low amplitude. In contrast, the use of ultrasharp probes allows for performing extremely high-resolution imaging (down to molecular resolution) when scanning small and relatively flat areas. Thus, with the same probe, we can pre-scan a

• large area, find specific locations and perform high-resolution scans. The technique of high-resolution imaging will be discussed in the next section. The VM avoids image artifacts associated with a sticking probe. In some cases, a sticking effect can be observed, when in the process of AFM imaging the

• frequency is used as the set point. Historically, FM-AFM is commonly called non-contact atomic force microscopy [33]. However, repulsive forces are required to obtain high resolution, which implies some level of contact [34]. Qualitatively, this is easy to understand from the following reasoning. If a probe

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• -assisted chemical etching was used by Qin et al. [79] to prepare a dendritic array of Si/WO3 NW composites, which was tested for the detection of NO2 gas at room temperature. Figure 17a–e SEM and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images of Si/WO3 NWs. Figure 17f shows the XRD

A Au/CuNiCoS₄/p-Si photodiode: electrical and morphological characterization

• Adem Koçyiğit,
• Adem Sarılmaz,
• Teoman Öztürk,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Murat Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 984–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.74

• University, 70200, Karaman, Turkey Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey 10.3762/bjnano.12.74 Abstract In this present work, CuNiCoS4 thiospinel nanocrystals were synthesized by hot injection and characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), high-resolution

Self-assembly of Eucalyptus gunnii wax tubules and pure ß-diketone on HOPG and glass

• Miriam Anna Huth,
• Axel Huth and
• Kerstin Koch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 939–949, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.70

• formed tubules similar to those on E. gunnii leaves. Deviating platelet-shaped and layered structures not found on leaves were also formed, especially on areas with high mass accumulation. High-resolution AFM images of recrystallized ß-diketone tubules are presented for the first time. The data showed

The role of convolutional neural networks in scanning probe microscopy: a review

• Ido Azuri,
• Irit Rosenhek-Goldian,
• Neta Regev-Rudzki,
• Georg Fantner and
• Sidney R. Cohen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 878–901, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.66

• experimentally record the necessary sets of both high- and low-quality images, depending on the application. For example, de Haan et al. obtained pairs of low-and high-resolution SEM images by changing the magnification of the images [96]. Weigert et al. acquired pairs of low- and high-quality images by varying

• computation to circumvent difficulties in sufficient data acquisition is to train deep convolutional neural networks on simulated data. Deep STORM is a deep convolutional neural network that achieves high-resolution images from images recorded by a standard inverted microscope under bad imaging conditions

• learning was also applied to reduce noise and increase the resolution in scanning electron microscopy images. An approach for creating a training dataset of low- and high-resolution image pairs from a single image, was developed by using deep learning to up-sample scanning transmission electron microscopy

Reducing molecular simulation time for AFM images based on super-resolution methods

• Zhipeng Dou,
• Jianqiang Qian,
• Yingzi Li,
• Rui Lin,
• Jianhai Wang,
• Peng Cheng and
• Zeyu Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 775–785, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.61

• the molecular structure [26], recognizing and classifying surface features [27][28][29], and fast scanning [30][31]. The main problem in training models of machine learning is providing sufficiently labeled training data. High-resolution AFM experiments are time consuming and experimental data are, a

• in computer vision. Super-resolution methods could be used to reconstruct a high-resolution image from a low-resolution image. There are a variety of methods in the field of super resolution. Compressed sensing (CS) and deep learning methods are two typical methods with excellent imaging performance

• three-layer convolutional neural network which directly learns an end-to-end mapping between low- and high-resolution images, making the reconstructed image as close to the original image as possible. Generally, increasing the network depth could improve the reconstruction accuracy. With the development

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• area of the beam. These characteristics, together with a low yield of backscattered ions and therefore a very small amount of second-generation secondary electrons, enable high-resolution resist-based lithography and high-resolution ion beam-induced deposition with dramatically reduced proximity

• function [30]. In several of these works, high-resolution scanning TEM (STEM) imaging has been performed to enable the analysis of the defects created on the atomic scale [26][29][30] (see, e.g., Figure 2c). Apart from 2D materials, thin-film samples have also been the subject of electronic property tuning

• was first demonstrated by Cybart et al. for the cuprate superconductor YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO), by scanning the helium ion beam in line mode across 4 μm wide strips of YBCO that had been locally pre-thinned to a thickness of 30 nm using argon ion milling [31]. Due to the high-resolution writing capability

Stability and activity of platinum nanoparticles in the oxygen electroreduction reaction: is size or uniformity of primary importance?

• Kirill O. Paperzh,
• Anastasia A. Alekseenko,
• Vadim A. Volochaev,
• Ilya V. Pankov,
• Olga A. Safronenko and
• Vladimir E. Guterman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 593–606, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.49

• University, "High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy” Shared Use Center, 344090, 194/2 Stachki st., Rostov-on-Don, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.12.49 Abstract Platinum–carbon catalysts are widely used in the manufacturing of proton-exchange membrane fuel cells. Increasing Pt/C activity and stability is an

• assignment in the field of scientific activity No 0852-2020-0019). Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Mr. Nikulin A.Yu. for assistance in the XRD pattern registration and to the “Shared Use Center High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy” (SFedU) for conducting the TEM studies.

Local stiffness and work function variations of hexagonal boron nitride on Cu(111)

• Abhishek Grewal,
• Yuqi Wang,
• Matthias Münks,
• Klaus Kern and
• Markus Ternes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 559–565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.46

• et al. used high-resolution low-energy electron diffraction and normal incidence X-ray standing wave techniques to detect the large separation of 3.24 Å between the h-BN sheet and the topmost Cu(111) layer [29]. They found almost no height difference between B and N atoms and excluded significant

Influence of electrospray deposition on C₆₀ molecular assemblies

• Antoine Hinaut,
• Sebastian Scherb,
• Sara Freund,
• Zhao Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 552–558, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.45

• the sample. Nevertheless, the contamination from solvent introduction can be reduced down to conditions compatible with high-resolution scanning probe microscopy (SPM) techniques [10][12]. Buckminsterfullerene C60, scheme in Figure 1b, is among the most extensively studied molecules in surface science

• nanometers in size are observed, suggesting a limited influence of the HV-ESD method. The C60 molecules cover step edges and form monolayer islands, similar to TE. High-resolution imaging of the islands, shown in Figure 2c, confirms the hexagonal lattice arrangement of C60 with a lattice parameter close to 1

Determining amplitude and tilt of a lateral force microscopy sensor

• Oliver Gretz,
• Alfred J. Weymouth,
• Thomas Holzmann,
• Korbinian Pürckhauer and
• Franz J. Giessibl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 517–524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.42

• amplitudes of the order of 1 nm is also valid for amplitudes under 100 pm, where we typically acquire high-resolution data. To demonstrate that this method can be applied to more complex systems, calibration data was taken of a CO molecule on Cu(111) with a CO tip. When lateral forces act on the CO molecules

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering of water in aqueous dispersions of silver nanoparticles

• Paulina Filipczak,
• Krzysztof Hałagan,
• Jacek Ulański and
• Marcin Kozanecki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 497–506, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.40

• as the reference sample. The TEM images were obtained by using a Jeol ARM 200F high-resolution transmission electron microscope. The silver concentration in the AgNP dispersion was determined by FAAS using the GBC 932 plus instrument. The calibration was made using the silver standard solution

• dispersions of AgNPs. The AgNPs were synthesized according to the protocol proposed by Frank et al. [36]. Two types of nanoparticles were obtained: AgNPs blue and AgNPs yellow, which were labelled according to the colour (compare the UV–vis spectra shown in Figure S1 in Supporting Information File 1). High

• -resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis was performed to estimate the size and identify the shape of the nanoparticles (see Figure 1). The nanoparticles in the AgNPs blue sample had a triangular prism shape with an estimated average size of 34 ± 14 nm, while in the AgNPs yellow sample, the