Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• , high-speed, and scalable computing. In these systems, the propagation of information is associated with the movement of a current wave/topological soliton, which is clearly visible in the model by a 2π jump of the so-called Josephson phase, φ. In contrast to conventional rapid single flux quantum (RSFQ

• reconfigurable routing and the WayMatrix, a versatile N × M routing matrix. These solutions establish a framework for robust, high-speed superconducting logic that addresses critical bottlenecks in this type of computing. We realize that the time required to “reprogram” kinetic inductance significantly exceeds

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• the time of flight. This architecture allows for high-speed acquisition (only limited by the speed of the readout electronics), either as continuous time-resolved data or in pump–probe mode. In continuous mode, spectra are recorded in sequence without scanning the analyzer’s retardation voltage. To

Prospects of nanotechnology and natural products for cancer and immunotherapy

• Jan Filipe Andrade Santos,
• Marcela Bernardes Brasileiro,
• Pamela Danielle Cavalcante Barreto,
• Ligiane Aranha Rocha and
• José Adão Carvalho Nascimento Júnior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1644–1667, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.116

• neutrophils or infiltration of CD4+ T cells to destroy tumors [145]. The process of nanosizing the CGCs in the patent involves shearing at high speed and ultrasonic cycles followed by freeze-drying. This resulted in a yield of 12.73% and a purity of 96.32%. The increased surface area due to the reduction in

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• ]. Figure 10a shows a photograph of a typical spin-coating setup, along with high-speed images capturing the dynamics of and film formation on a rotating substrate. Mono and bi-metallic Pt, Pd, and Pt80Pd20 NPs were synthesized using a Nd:YAG laser operating at λ = 1064 nm, a fluence of 5 J/cm2, and a

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim Norikhwan Hamzah Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop Faizuan Bin Abdullah I Putu Tedy Indrayana Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin Department of Thermo-Fluids, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia High Speed Reacting Flow

Size control of nanoparticles synthesized by pulsed laser ablation in liquids using donut-shaped beams

• Abdel Rahman Altakroury,
• Oleksandr Gatsa,
• Farbod Riahi,
• Zongwen Fu,
• Miroslava Flimelová,
• Andrei Samokhvalov,
• Stephan Barcikowski,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Alexander V. Bulgakov and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 407–417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.31

• Gaussian beam or the donut-shaped beam, shadowgraph images were taken using a high-speed camera (Andor iStar DH334T-18H-13, Oxford Instruments, England) equipped with a xenon flash lamp (L4633-01, Hamamatsu, Japan). A detailed description of the experimental setup can be found in a previous work [52]. The

ReactorAFM/STM – dynamic reactions on surfaces at elevated temperature and atmospheric pressure

• Tycho Roorda,
• Hamed Achour,
• Matthijs A. van Spronsen,
• Marta E. Cañas-Ventura,
• Sander B. Roobol,
• Willem Onderwaater,
• Mirthe Bergman,
• Peter van der Tuijn,
• Gertjan van Baarle,
• Johan W. Bakker,
• Joost W. M. Frenken and
• Irene M. N. Groot

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 397–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.30

• , and current signal. The fourth electrode (on the back) is connected to one of the AFM contacts. The sensor is glued to a ceramic block with a non-conductive glue (EpoTek H770E), which is mounted on the slider. The slider is made of a high-speed steel rod, which is partitioned in three and isolated by

Out-of-plane polarization induces a picosecond photoresponse in rhombohedral stacked bilayer WSe₂

• Guixian Liu,
• Yufan Wang,
• Zhoujuan Xu,
• Zhouxiaosong Zeng,
• Lanyu Huang,
• Cuihuan Ge and
• Xiao Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1362–1368, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.109

• power, the ultrafast response time remains consistent, highlighting the reliability of the high-speed heterojunction photodetector across different conditions, confirming its potential application in the field of optoelectronics. Our findings enhance the comprehension of the impact of polarization on

• consistent, demonstrating that the high-speed heterojunction photodetector can work under various conditions. Comparison of TRPC in the heterojunction and graphene regions We then considered the intrinsic response time of graphene within the heterojunction. Because of its high carrier mobility and broadband

• absorption, graphene has been used to prepare high-speed photodetectors with intrinsic photocurrent response times down to the picosecond level [42]. Notably, under the same excitation conditions, comparison of the TRPC curves between the heterojunction and the graphene region in the heterojunction revealed

Hymenoptera and biomimetic surfaces: insights and innovations

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Carlo Polidori and
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1333–1352, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.107

• of artificial surfaces, such as rough coatings on high-speed trains [12], dimples on golf balls [13], and shark skin denticles on aircrafts [14]. Some micromachines can also benefit from micro- and nanostructures that create roughness on surfaces and influence aerodynamics and heat transfer [15]. The

• %, with experimental measurements showing an increase of up to 433%, without altering the tool’s size [66]. Mandibles can offer structural adaptations to deliver powerful and high-speed strikes, as in trap-jaw ants (e.g., Odontomachus monticola) [67] (Figure 1B). In these species, hollow mandibles

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• -recorded using a high-speed camera DMK 37BUX287 720×540, 539 FPS, global shutter mounted on a Leica MZ6 (Leica Microsystem GmbH, Wetzlar, Germany) stereomicroscope at 500 FPS. To induce grooming behavior, the insect antennae or eyes were fully covered with pink talc powder (Holi Colors Italia, Calatafimi

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• moving animals, such as the “denticles” found on the surface of shark skin, which enable high-speed swimming [2], as well as the texture of bird feathers [3]. The phenomenon of drag reduction can also be observed on the surface of plants. For example, there is a superhydrophobic structure on the surface

• blade yields significant benefits. The DRR for a single blade reaches 1.31%, accompanied by a reduction of 1.45% in ηξ. (4) A blade cascade experiment is conducted in the high-speed wind tunnel to analyze the energy loss coefficient and wake loss distribution. The results demonstrate a reduction in

• is worth studying. Chemicals (e.g., polydimethylsiloxane) can quickly replicate biomimetic microstructures, but the operation process is complex, and the soft surfaces are not suitable for surfaces in high-speed flows. Microtextures with different sectional shapes: (a) triangles; (b) trapezoids, and

Reduced subthreshold swing in a vertical tunnel FET using a low-work-function live metal strip and a low-k material at the drain

• Kalai Selvi Kanagarajan and
• Dhanalakshmi Krishnan Sadhasivan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 713–718, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.59

• voltage are used in high-speed designs, but at the cost of higher leakage power consumption. The device previously described in the literature has a low threshold voltage of 0.15 V and a higher off-current than the design proposed here. Hence, the proposed design can be employed in low-power applications

Functional fibrillar interfaces: Biological hair as inspiration across scales

• Guillermo J. Amador,
• Brett Klaassen van Oorschot,
• Caiying Liao,
• Jianing Wu and
• Da Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.55

• animal flying or swimming at high speed suddenly freezes the motion of its body parts (wings, fins, or flukes), how long would it continue to travel through the medium? While displacement for an eagle or a whale can continue for some time and distance, typically, an Escherichia coli bacterium (3 µm long

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• unusual hydrodynamic behavior of electrons, which was observed in narrow graphene nanoconstrictions [6]. Given these unique properties, it is unsurprising that graphene became a top candidate for a broad range of applications in optoelectronics and possible future energy-efficient and high-speed

Enhanced feedback performance in off-resonance AFM modes through pulse train sampling

• Mustafa Kangül,
• Navid Asmari,
• Santiago H. Andany,
• Marcos Penedo and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 134–143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.13

• tracking compared to the conventional method, as it does not have the intrinsic delay. We observed a marginal improvement in tracking when we applied the method to high-speed photothermal ORT. Moreover, since the proposed method provides better tracking at lower ORT frequencies, it becomes possible to

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• [14]. NEs can be obtained through two general approaches, that is, high-energy methods and low-energy methods. The high-energy methods are characterized by using equipment such as sonicators, high-speed homogenizers, and high-pressure homogenizers, which provide high energy input during processing

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• single spectroscopic curve, and tens of hours to several days are needed to map a 2D matrix of data. Last, G-mode KPFM requires analysis of large datasets acquired with high-speed data capture [12]. A few years ago, Borgani and Haviland presented an interesting alternative for time-resolved SPV

• -programmed list of waveforms is played, and the triggering is done by TTL pulses generated by the AFM controller. The AWG waveform playlist is programmed by using the Keysight benchlink pro software, and the TTL pulses are generated during the course of the spectroscopic ramp by using a user-available high

• speed digital output of the Mimea unit. To measure the “dc” components of the Fourier spectrum (V0 and the reference phase Φ0), the sideband generation is switched during a dedicated time window within the spectroscopic ramps (i.e., from DHe-KPFM to standard AM-heterodyne KPFM configuration). To do so

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• three beetles with different folding ratios”, Sun et al. [8] use modern, high-precision instruments to uncover the relationship between wing morphology and flight performance of three species of beetles. They use a high-speed camera to track flapping frequency, quantify the surface geometry of the wings

Ultralow-energy amorphization of contaminated silicon samples investigated by molecular dynamics

• Grégoire R. N. Defoort-Levkov,
• Alan Bahm and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 834–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.68

• formation, we see a trend where 500 eV collisions around 60° incidence would be most suitable to mill silicon samples with high speed. When the minimization of the amorphous layer is important, the impact energy should be lowered. When approaching higher grazing incidence angles than those studied in this

Control of morphology and crystallinity of CNTs in flame synthesis with one-dimensional reaction zone

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Ni Luh Wulan Septiani and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 741–750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.61

• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim Norikhwan Hamzah Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop Ni Luh Wulan Septiani Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin Department of Thermo-Fluids, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia High Speed Reacting Flow Laboratory (HiREF), Universiti Teknologi

Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)

• Anthony J. Cobos and
• Timothy E. Higham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107

• and pes of the gecko, when pulled across a surface, do not have all of the toes aligned parallel to the direction of movement. In a study of Tokay geckos, Stewart and Higham [16] used an apparatus to pull individuals across an acrylic glass platform while obtaining high-speed video in ventral view

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• . Clearly, the deflection sensor noise does no longer limit the minimally detectable force derivative for bandwidths up to and beyond 1 kHz. Such high measurement bandwidths can for example, be used to measure with high speed a large-scale image showing atomic steps of the Au(111) surface with thin NaCl

Micro-structures, nanomechanical properties and flight performance of three beetles with different folding ratios

• Jiyu Sun,
• Pengpeng Li,
• Yongwei Yan,
• Fa Song,
• Nuo Xu and
• Zhijun Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 845–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.75

• brevitarsis) were captured during wind tunnel tests and, based on the results, bioinspired wings and a linkage-mechanism flapping system were designed [26]. The flow behavior of live rhinoceros beetle flapping hind wings was studied by using a smoke wind tunnel and a high-speed camera [30]. Combining wind

• tunnels and high-speed cameras, the relationships between wing shapes, flapping flight lift, and aerodynamic efficiency of dragonflies [31] and fruit flies [32] were examined. In addition, the influence of frequency and wind speed on the aerodynamic characteristics (such as the lift, drag, and vortex) of

• with the “Guiding Principles in the Care and Use of Animals” (China) and were approved by the ethics committee of experimental animal welfare of Jilin University. High-speed camera A high-speed camera (Phantom V711, Vision Research Inc., USA) was used to obtain the postures and flapping frequencies of

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• supercomputing, big-data processing, artificial intelligence, and neuromorphic computing [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The highlight features of superconducting data processing techniques, for example, RSFQ logic [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9], are the high speed and unprecedental energy efficiency [2][3][10][11][12][13