Electrical and optical enhancement of ITO/Mo bilayer thin films via laser annealing

• Abdelbaki Hacini,
• Ahmad Hadi Ali,
• Nurul Nadia Adnan and
• Nafarizal Nayan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1589–1595, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.133

• Abdelbaki Hacini Ahmad Hadi Ali Nurul Nadia Adnan Nafarizal Nayan Laser and Semiconductor Technology Research Group, COR PDSR, Department of Physics and Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology, Pagoh Educational Hub, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 84600 Pagoh, Johor, Malaysia

• Microelectronic and Nanotechnology Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor, Malaysia 10.3762/bjnano.13.133 Abstract ITO/Mo bilayer thin films were sputtered on n-type silicon and glass substrates and annealed with a Nd:YAG pulsed laser. The

• AFM analysis shows that grain size and RMS roughness increased from 16.02 to 36.19 nm and 0.4 to 2.6 nm, respectively, when the laser energy was increased to 120 mJ. The as-deposited sample has an optical transmittance of nearly 80% in the 300–800 nm range. The laser annealing yielded a higher

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• the E22 transitions of SWCNTs. Photoluminescence measurements were performed with a Horiba Jobin Yvon NanoLog-4 spectrofluorometer with a nitrogen-cooled InGaAs detector. A Spectra-physics 3900s Ti:sapphire laser was used for excitation at 725 nm. The measurements were performed with the slit bandpass

Hydroxyapatite–bioglass nanocomposites: Structural, mechanical, and biological aspects

• Olga Shikimaka,
• Mihaela Bivol,
• Bogdan A. Sava,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Christu Tardei,
• Beatrice G. Sbarcea,
• Daria Grabco,
• Constantin Pyrtsac,
• Daria Topal,
• Andrian Prisacaru,
• Vitalie Cobzac and
• Viorel Nacu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1490–1504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.123

• Olga Shikimaka Mihaela Bivol Bogdan A. Sava Marius Dumitru Christu Tardei Beatrice G. Sbarcea Daria Grabco Constantin Pyrtsac Daria Topal Andrian Prisacaru Vitalie Cobzac Viorel Nacu Institute of Applied Physics, 5 Academiei str., MD-2028, Chisinau, Republic of Moldova National Institute for Laser

• , Plasma and Radiation Physics, Laser Department, 409th Atomistilor str., RO-77125, Magurele, Bucharest, Romania University Politehnica Bucharest, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Bucharest, 060042, Romania National Institute for R&D in Electrical Engineering ICPE-CA, 313 Splaiul Unirii, 031066, Bucharest

Coherent amplification of radiation from two phase-locked Josephson junction arrays

• Mikhail A. Galin,
• Vladimir M. Krasnov,
• Ilya A. Shereshevsky,
• Nadezhda K. Vdovicheva and
• Vladislav V. Kurin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1445–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.119

• effects become dominant for synchronization. To reach the radiation power maximum, JJs should be synchronized with the EM mode excited within the resonator. Such large JJ arrays become similar to a laser where the junctions play the role of atoms in an active medium. The advantage of large JJ arrays

• straight electrodes with niobium JJs have been directly visualized recently using low-temperature scanning laser microscopy [13]. The scans revealed that the standing waves can provide the global coupling of all junctions in the array, that is, extended parts of the array can interact with each other. This

Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• could be associated stably to Au-LNPs, and the release of BODIPY from AB-LNPs could be accelerated by laser irradiation. AB-LNPs are scalable and showed excellent photothermal effects. AB-LNPs showed enhanced cellular uptake efficiency compared to free BODIPY in 4T1 breast cancer cells. Under laser

• release properties were evaluated in PBS with different pH values (pH 7.4 and 5.5). AB-LNPs dispersion (2 mL) in a dialysis bag was placed in 20 mL release medium. After 2 h and after 6 h, the sample was irradiated with a 680 nm laser (0.5 W/cm2, 60 s). At predetermined time points, 1 mL of solution was

• concentrations of 25, 50, and 100 μM were irradiated with laser irradiation (680 nm, 0.5 W/cm2) for different time intervals. The temperature changes of AB-LNPs with BDP concentration of 100 μM were also measured under laser irradiation with different power densities (0.25, 0.4, and 0.5 W/cm2). The temperature

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

• Matthias Mail,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Wilhelm Barthlott,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

• cm2 sample was placed in a Petri dish filled with deionized water. In this first experiment, the air layer of the sample immersed at 0.5 cm depth, i.e., smaller than hmax, was visualized with a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM, TCS SP II, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar) using an objective lens

• (HCX APO L 63x/0.90 W U-V-I, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar) with 63-fold magnification directly after submergence and after two weeks. Using the total reflection of the laser light at the air–water interface this method allowed us to analyze the shape of the air–water interface at high resolution. The

• circular samples with a diameter of 1.5 mm were placed simultaneously inside the pressure chamber. Then, the chamber was flooded with deionized water. The chamber was placed under a Zeiss LSM700 confocal laser scanning microscope system (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Jena, Germany). The air–water interface

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada Nina Burduja Marco Abbate Claudio Stagno Guy Caljon Louis Maes Nicola Micale Massimiliano Cordaro Angela Scala Antonino Mazzaglia Anna Piperno Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Interdisciplinary Research Institute in Bio-Nano-Sciences, Babes-Bolyai

• (Nanobiophotonics and Laser Microspectroscopy Center, Cluj-Napoca, Romania) for the Raman Analysis. Funding This work was partially supported by PON03PE_00216_1 (Drug Delivery: Veicoli per un'innovazione Sostenibile). The authors thank for financial support CYCLONET ACRI (Associazione Casse di Risparmio Italiane

Growing up in a rough world: scaling of frictional adhesion and morphology of the Tokay gecko (Gekko gecko)

• Anthony J. Cobos and
• Timothy E. Higham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1292–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.107

• each surface was visualized using a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM; LEXT OLS4000, Olympus Corporation, Japan), as in [32]. Mountains Map Premium version 7.4 (Digital Surf SARL, Besançon, France) was used to analyze the images obtained from the CLSM (Figure 1). Three-dimensional surface area

• 2000 grit sandpaper surface (D), and a 3D image of the 2000 grit sandpaper surface using confocal laser scanning microscopy (E). The relationship between morphological characters and SVL of 15 individuals. The relationship between toepad area (digit IV) and SVL (y = 2.03x − 6.46, r2 = 0.95) (A). The

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• -nanostructure back-gate FETs, as well as the electrical resistivity of the nanostructures as a function of temperature from 5 to 400 K. The transport measurements were carried out in a low-noise custom-made system for electrical characterization of FET devices [16][17][18]. FET devices were built by laser

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• sticking of an artificially nonwoven of nanofibers. According to the theoretical prediction, a technical analogon of the nanoripples was produced by ultrashort pulse laser processing on different technically relevant metal surfaces in the form of so-called laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS

• randomly rough surfaces. The latter revealed that the adhesion of electrospun nanofiber nonwoven is significantly lowered on the nanostructured surfaces compared with the polished surfaces. Keywords: biomimetics; electrospinning; laser-induced periodic surface structures (LIPSS); nanofibers

• surface structure, in contrast to earlier published works where solids with plane surfaces were assumed [24][25][26][27][28]. This is an important difference, which has to be considered when modelling the interaction of nanofibers with, in this case, a sinusoidal surface. Laser-induced periodic surface

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• fusion method to make the tip diameter about one μm with a micro-manipulation syringe. The gold and silver nanowires are sucked into the tube at one end, and then the fiber tube is fused with the gold and silver nanowires. When the laser is introduced from one end of the fiber, the light propagates from

• -recognition probe ("sandwich" complex) and measured by matrix-assisted laser resolved ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI–TOF MS). Ultra-pure water (as a blank control), perfectly matched DNA, incompletely matched DNA, and two DNA fragments with only one base mismatch were added to the system

Roll-to-roll fabrication of superhydrophobic pads covered with nanofur for the efficient clean-up of oil spills

• Patrick Weiser,
• Robin Kietz,
• Marc Schneider,
• Matthias Worgull and
• Hendrik Hölscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1228–1239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.102

• , too [7]. Multiple techniques exist to prepare self-cleaning surfaces. Direct laser writing and electron beam lithography have been employed successfully to create superhydrophobic surfaces. However, due to low writing speeds these approaches are not viable for surface areas larger than a few square

• with high aspect ratio. These needles render superhydrophobic properties to the surface. Such surfaces can either be prepared using a RIE process [12] or a laser-assisted etching process described by Mazur et al. [13], which requires expensive silicon wafers as substrate as well as a femtosecond laser

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• hygroscopic graphene oxide (GO) [61][62][63][64][65]. As shown in Figure 5, when the graphene oxide bulk material with a certain thickness is irradiated by a laser, the laser intensity inside the graphene is gradually attenuated, so that the oxygen-containing functional groups and carbon atom concentration of

• graphene oxide on the outer side are higher and more hydrophilic than the part that did not receive laser irradiation (Figure 5b). After exposure to moisture, a significant difference in ion concentration occurs due to the difference in humidity and the ability to dissociate hydronium ions, thereby driving

• ) Image of laser-processed asymmetric graphene fibers. Figure 5c was reprinted from [62]. This article was published in Nano Energy, vol. 32, by Y. Liang; F. Zhao; Z. Cheng; Q. Zhou; H. Shao; L. Jiang; L. Qu, “Self-powered wearable graphene fiber for information expression“, pages 329–335, Copyright

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• , biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactic acid), poly(glycolic acid), and non-biodegradable polymers, for example, photolithographic epoxy resins are used [148]. The methods used for the production of microneedles include lithographic or laser techniques, casting, and 3D printing, to mention a few. The laser

• cutting technique can be used to produce microneedles from metals or polymers. The main part of the process is cutting microneedles out of a plate with a laser and then bending them. The alignment of the tips can be achieved by electropolishing [149]. A similar technique is laser ablation. In this case

• , the substrate, absorbing the laser beam, heats up and evaporates or sublimes, which yields engraved 3D patterns [150]. In the fused deposition modelling (FDM) method, the thermoplastic material is heated to its softening point, then extruded through a nozzle and applied layer by layer to the build

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• , however, are complex, and their fabrication and assembly typically require considerable efforts. For this reason, all our sample/cantilever holders use the same four laser-cut metal parts as base plates (m1–m4) connected via a simple ceramic center piece (Figure 7f), on top of which different assemblies

• system is depicted in Figure 8a. A similar interferometer system has been developed by Miyahara and co-workers [53]. To perform the interferometry, we use a Sony SLD201 V3 laser diode with a wavelength of 785 nm coupled via an optical insulator to a Au-coated monomode optical fiber having a core diameter

• of 5 μm [54] delivering a maximum of 9.3 mW into the fiber at a drive current of 140 mA. To keep the temperature of the laser diode constant, it is mounted onto a Thorlabs TCLDM9 [55] thermoelectric cooler block, and the laser diode is operated at constant current. A combined laser diode and

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• synthetic pathways for the formation of CDs, that is, “top-down” and “bottom-up” methods. In the top-down method, large carbon structures (such as carbon nanotubes or graphite) are decomposed into CDs. The top-down methods include arc discharge, laser abrasion [24], chemical and electrochemical oxidation

Analytical and numerical design of a hybrid Fabry–Perot plano-concave microcavity for hexagonal boron nitride

• Felipe Ortiz-Huerta and
• Karina Garay-Palmett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1030–1037, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.90

• (e.g., quantum dots [12], molecules [13]) by a process known as two-photon polymerization (2PP) [14] where a photopolymer resist is illuminated with a focused laser at 780 nm and absorbs two photons simultaneously, which triggers a corresponding chemical reaction that solidifies the material to build

• hBN where its value falls between experimentally achievable thicknesses of multilayer 2D materials [6]. A 3D concave shape polymer then could be fabricated on top of the 2D material (Figure 2b) by a direct laser writing system (e.g., Photonic Professional, Nanoscribe GmbH) by use of a 2PP process

• fabricated by direct laser writing process. (c) A silver layer is added on top of polymer. Cross-section of hybrid plano-concave microcavity shows the geometrical parameters and the two Gaussian modes inside. Spotsizes W02 and W2 for different values of R2 and L2. Transverse cut of Figure 4 through length L2

Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers

• Biao Wei,
• Haijun Zhou,
• Guangxiang Li and
• Bin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88

• Biao Wei Haijun Zhou Guangxiang Li Bin Tang Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Technology & Systems, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China 10.3762/bjnano.13.88 Abstract To explain the phenomenon of all-optical modulation of quantum cascade laser (QCL), and explore the

• optimizing its use and dielectric nanostructure design. Keywords: all-optical modulation; dielectric nanostructures; high refractive index materials; numerical study; quantum cascade lasers; Introduction The quantum cascade laser (QCL) was invented nearly 30 years ago [1], and its cavity consists of

• multiple nanostructures, which are grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) [1]. It has been widely used in the fields of free space optical communication [2][3], gas detection [4][5], and biological research [6][7]. Because the QCL is a narrow linewidth and high-power laser working in the mid-infrared to

Interaction between honeybee mandibles and propolis

• Leonie Saccardi,
• Franz Brümmer,
• Jonas Schiebl,
• Oliver Schwarz,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 958–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.84

• “propolis bees”. Imaging and structural studies Bee mandibles were prepared and subsequently examined with binoculars, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and a confocal 3D laser scanning microscope in order to identify anatomy and surface structure. Anatomy of the honeybee mandible Mandibles of all

• . Additionally, the medial surface profile of the mandible was studied on fresh, chloroform-washed specimens fixed to a glass slide using a drop of a melted mixture of 50% paraffin wax and 50% colophony. The mandibles were examined with a confocal 3D laser scanning microscope (Keyence VK-X250; Keyence

• levels, contrast, and brightness were adjusted, and scale bars and other labels were added. Profiles measured with the confocal 3D laser scanning microscope were digitized using WebPlotDigitizer (version 4.2, https://automeris.io/WebPlotDigitizer, Ankit Rohatgi, San Francisco, USA). Investigation of

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• Abstract A series of Pd1−xFex alloy epitaxial films (x = 0, 0.038, 0.062, and 0.080), a material promising for superconducting spintronics, was prepared and studied with ultrafast optical and magneto-optical laser spectroscopy in a wide temperature range of 4–300 K. It was found that the transition to the

Optimizing PMMA solutions to suppress contamination in the transfer of CVD graphene for batch production

• Chun-Da Liao,
• Andrea Capasso,
• Tiago Queirós,
• Telma Domingues,
• Fatima Cerqueira,
• Nicoleta Nicoara,
• Jérôme Borme,
• Paulo Freitas and
• Pedro Alpuim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 796–806, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.70

• , Model: Alpha300M+) with an excitation laser wavelength of 532 nm. A laser power of ca. 2 mW was used for all measurements. The backscattered laser light containing the Raman bands from 1200 to 3000 cm−1 was collected by a CCD camera (Andor, Model number: DV401A-BV-352) integrated with the WITec system

• . The characteristic Raman signature collected from a p-doped Si wafer at 520.7 cm−1 was employed as standard calibration. Raman mapping was conducted by raster scan, where the step size of the laser spot moving over a selected area is 1 µm, and the exposure time of 0.4 s was taken at each point of the

• frequency. The AFM measurement was carried out in tapping mode. A 633 nm laser light aimed at the back side of the cantilever tip was reflected toward a position-sensitive photodetector, which provides feedback signals to piezoelectric scanners that maintain the cantilever tip at constant height (force

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• . For the Raman tests, KP15 samples were spun on SiO2(300 nm)/Si substrates. The excitation wavelength used was 532 nm, the spot size was approx. 1 μm, and the laser power was kept below 20 μW. For low-temperature Raman measurements, a Linkam THMS600 cryostat cooled by liquid nitrogen was used to

Hierarchical Bi₂WO₆/TiO₂-nanotube composites derived from natural cellulose for visible-light photocatalytic treatment of pollutants

• Zehao Lin,
• Zhan Yang and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 745–762, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.66

• reference standard for solid samples. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra were obtained on a Shimadzu RF-5301PC fluorescence spectrometer under a laser excitation of 360 nm. In order to observe the microstructures of the samples, a small amount of a given sample was dispersed in ethanol to generate a

A nonenzymatic reduced graphene oxide-based nanosensor for parathion

• Sarani Sen,
• Anurag Roy,
• Ambarish Sanyal and
• Parukuttyamma Sujatha Devi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 730–744, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.65

• spectra of the samples were recorded in the 1000–3500 cm−1 region with a resolution of 1 cm−1 using a Renishaw via a Reflex micro-Raman spectrometer with an argon ion (514.6 nm) laser. The X-ray photoemission spectroscopy (XPS) data were obtained from a PHI 5000 Versa probe II scanning XPS microprobe

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

• darkness and illumination degrades the spatial and energy resolutions, reducing the accuracy of SPV measurements on the nanometer scale [23]. To overcome the above problem, direct SPV measurements by means of laser power modulation and a lock-in technique have been proposed. Streicher et al. used two

• force Fele in darkness is described as where ∂C/∂z is the capacitance gradient of the tip–sample system and VCPD is the CPD in darkness. Applying a modulated laser power with a sinusoidal waveform of frequency ωm, which is synchronized with the AC bias (Figure 1b), induces the SPV with the peak-to-peak

• amplitude VSPV: Therefore, the electrostatic force under modulated laser irradiation is described as This equation can be divided into three parts: (Equation 5) is measured to determine the SPV by controlling VAC and nullifying the modulated force where the SPV is derived as Thus, AC-KPFM controls the AC