Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• [2]. WOx nanostructures, exhibiting high chemical and thermal stability, and structural flexibility, have obvious relevance in areas such as photocatalysis [22], electrochromism [23], supercapacitors [24], and lithium batteries [25] and have undergone extensive investigations during the last decades

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• Peripheral venous blood was collected from healthy donors and anticoagulated with lithium heparin according to the requirements of the German law regulating transfusion. Written informed consent was obtained from all donors, as well as a positive vote of the Ethics Committee of the Charité

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• facile lithium transport and possess a promising capacity of 2700 and 862/737 mA·h·g−1, respectively [16][17]. In the case of the synthesized nanoscale particles, a high level of Li mobility can be reached because of their developed surface and the interconnected ordered network of silicon vacancies with

In situ magnesiothermic reduction synthesis of a Ge@C composite for high-performance lithium-ion batterie anodes

• Ha Tran Huu,
• Ngoc Phi Nguyen,
• Vuong Hoang Ngo,
• Huy Hoang Luc,
• Minh Kha Le,
• Minh Thu Nguyen,
• My Loan Phung Le,
• Hye Rim Kim,
• In Young Kim,
• Sung Jin Kim,
• Van Man Tran and
• Vien Vo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 751–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.62

• report an in situ magnesiothermic reduction to synthesize a composite of Ge@C as an anode material for lithium-ion batteries. The obtained electrode delivered a specific capacity of 454.2 mAh·g−1 after 200 cycles at a specific current of 1000 mA·g−1. The stable electrochemical performance and good rate

• contact formation during in situ synthesis. Keywords: Ge anode; in situ synthesis; lithium-ion batteries; magnesiothermic reduction; Introduction The significantly increasing energy consumption leads to the exhaustion of fossil fuel sources such as coal, oil, and natural gas. Additionally, there are

• number of electric vehicles (EVs) [5][6]. The most important component of EVs are suitable energy storage systems, the further development of which will be key to a more widespread use of this kind of transportation [7]. Commercialized first by Sony company, lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) and related

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• the annealing temperature causes a steady decrease in the DC conductivity. Keywords: lithium cobalt oxide; lithium-ion battery; nanocrystalline powder; solution combustion synthesis; Introduction Lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2, LCO) of hexagonal structure () was first used as cathode material in

• lithium cells in 1979 by researchers from Oxford University [1]. The cell consisted of LCO, which was used as the cathode material, and metallic lithium, which was used as the anode material. In 1985, it was proposed to replace the Li metal in the negative electrode with the carbonaceous material graphite

• capable of reversibly intercalating lithium ions [2]. The commercialization of lithium-ion cells was achieved in the early 1990s by Sony Corporation and in 1992 by a joint venture company (Asahi Kasai and Toshiba) [2][3][4]. Almost 90% of commercial Li-ion batteries consist of a lithium cobalt oxide

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• .13.105 Abstract Nanofibers are drawing the attention of engineers and scientists because their large surface-to-volume ratio is favorable for applications in medicine, filter technology, textile industry, lithium-air batteries, and optical sensors. However, when transferring nanofibers to a technical

• applications in medicine, filter technology, textile industry, lithium-air batteries, and optical sensors [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. The inherently small scale makes production as well as further processing of nanofibers challenging [8]. For the technical production of artificial nanofibers, different methods such

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• nanoparticles as anode materials to promote the rapid diffusion and electron transfer of lithium, and Rongjun Zhao prepared n-butanol gas sensors with one-dimensional In2O3 nanorods [1][2]. Different from 2D materials, 1D materials generally have a chain-like crystal structure and are easily exfoliated due to a

Nanoarchitectonics of the cathode to improve the reversibility of Li–O₂ batteries

• Hien Thi Thu Pham,
• Jonghyeok Yun,
• So Yeun Kim,
• Sang A Han,
• Jung Ho Kim,
• Jong-Won Lee and
• Min-Sik Park

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 689–698, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.61

• -trip efficiency and cycling performance of nonaqueous lithium–oxygen batteries are governed by minimizing the discharge products, such as Li2O and Li2O2. Recently, a metal–organic framework has been directly pyrolyzed into a carbon frame with controllable pore volume and size. Furthermore, selective

• for lowering the overpotential of the cathode during cycling, even at the high current density of 2,000 mA·g−1. Keywords: cathode composition; electrochemistry; Li–O2 battery; metal–organic framework; nanoarchitectonics; zeolitic imidazolate framework; Introduction Recently, lithium–oxygen batteries

• (LOBs) have received great attention as a future energy storage solution since they offer a tremendously high energy density compared to commercial lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) [1][2]. An aprotic LOB is composed of a porous air cathode and a metallic Li anode, which are separated by a porous separator

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• . A pyroelectric high-voltage generator (PHVG) system can produce voltages up to several kilovolts, which is an important power supply system for microscale robotics. Ni et al. [100] proposed a PHVG system composed of lithium niobate and a PZT cantilever switch, as shown in Figure 13. Lithium niobate

• kV output voltage using 3D printed conductive polylactic acid polymer. In 2021, they [101] integrated a lithium niobate crystal, a piezoelectric cantilever switch, and a capacitive load into a single printed circuit board (PCB). The output voltage ranges from 15.5 to 1480 V, and the cantilever switch

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• predominant PEMs [13]. Zhang et al. developed nanohybrid PVDF membranes by incorporating zeolite with enhanced thermal and electrochemical performance for lithium-ion batteries [14]. ENHs have also been used as a heterogeneous catalyst in indole synthesis by Savva et al. by incorporating gold nanoparticles

Tin dioxide nanomaterial-based photocatalysts for nitrogen oxide oxidation: a review

• Viet Van Pham,
• Hong-Huy Tran,
• Thao Kim Truong and
• Thi Minh Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 96–113, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.7

• vacancy defects (OVs) [15][16]. Therefore, SnO2 is considered a potential material in various technological fields such as catalysis, optoelectronic devices, rechargeable lithium batteries, electrocatalysis, photocatalysis, solar energy conversion, and gas sensing [17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In the

Enhancement of the piezoelectric coefficient in PVDF-TrFe/CoFe₂O₄ nanocomposites through DC magnetic poling

• Marco Fortunato,
• Alessio Tamburrano,
• Maria Paola Bracciale,
• Maria Laura Santarelli and
• Maria Sabrina Sarto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1262–1270, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.93

• , which is one of the most present accessible and alternative form of energy, into electric energy, have attracted the interest of the scientific community. The most common piezoelectric materials are ceramics, such as barium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, and lithium niobate, which have a high

• periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN), with a known value of the piezoelectric coefficient (d33PPLN = 7.5 pm/V), is measured. Then, the sample under investigation is tested and the PPLN is measured again. The two piezoelectric calibration signals of PPLN are compared for each value of the applied voltage

Electrical, electrochemical and structural studies of a chlorine-derived ionic liquid-based polymer gel electrolyte

• Ashish Gupta,
• Amrita Jain,
• Manju Kumari and
• Santosh K. Tripathi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1252–1261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.92

• predominantly crystalline PVdF phase and an amorphous HFP phase, which provides necessary mechanical strength and good ion transport matrix. Magnesium-based electrochemical devices are emerging as an alternative to lithium-based devices [26][27][28][29][30]. Magnesium can be an alternative due to its

• availability in the Earth’s crust, low atomic weight, low price, high electrochemical reduction potential of −2.3 V versus the standard hydrogen electrode. Moreover, most of the Mg compounds are usually nontoxic and also Mg is chemically stable as compared to lithium and sodium [31]. In the present study, the

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

The effect of cobalt on morphology, structure, and ORR activity of electrospun carbon fibre mats in aqueous alkaline environments

• Markus Gehring,
• Tobias Kutsch,
• Osmane Camara,
• Alexandre Merlen,
• Hermann Tempel,
• Hans Kungl and
• Rüdiger-A. Eichel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1173–1186, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.87

• , especially the lithium and silicon systems, on account of their different mechanism involving the cathode as an explicit reaction site of the metal redox chemistry [7][8][9]. From a scientific point of view, in aqueous systems, an air electrode needs to allow gas to diffuse in appropriate amounts towards the

• . The signal was detected using a heat conductivity detector. ICP-OES for cobalt mass analysis was performed by blending 30 to 50 mg of a sample with 250 mg of a mixture of lithium borates. The blend was heated to 1000 °C within 3 h and kept at this temperature for 30 min. The resulting melt was

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• systems, but the current lithium-ion battery technology may face limitations in the future concerning the availability of raw materials and socio-economic insecurities. Sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries are a promising alternative energy storage device for small- to large-scale applications driven by more

• , lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) are undoubtedly the most important mobile electrical energy storage devices. Nevertheless, they have some critical limitations such as high cost, low resource availability, as well as access and safety concerns [1][5][6]. Therefore, new promising batteries based on widely

• compared with transition-metal compounds in lithium-ion batteries [11]. Consequently, sodium–sulfur (Na–S) batteries have attracted renewed attention over the last decade due to their low cost and comparable chemistry with Li–S and LiB batteries, which would facilitate the large-scale production of Na–S

A Au/CuNiCoS₄/p-Si photodiode: electrical and morphological characterization

• Adem Koçyiğit,
• Adem Sarılmaz,
• Teoman Öztürk,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Murat Yıldırım

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 984–994, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.74

• great attention due their unique electronic, magnetic, optical, and gas sensing properties. Spinel compounds can be employed in data storage applications, lithium-ion batteries, gas sensors, and medical diagnostics [1][2]. Spinels have a cubic crystal structure with the general chemical formula AB2X4

Modification of a SERS-active Ag surface to promote adsorption of charged analytes: effect of Cu²⁺ ions

• Bahdan V. Ranishenka,
• Andrei Yu. Panarin,
• Irina A. Chelnokova,
• Sergei N. Terekhov,
• Peter Mojzes and
• Vadim V. Shmanai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 902–912, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.67

• the surface charge of the substrate, which tends to be negative. Using the data obtained and our model SERS system, we analyzed the modification of the Ag surface by different reagents (lithium chloride, polyethylenimine, polyhexamethylene guanidine, and multicharged metal ions). Finally, all those

• ][23][24]. The unusual effect that lithium chloride gives stronger SERS signal enhancement than other alkali metal halides was reported as well [23]. Also, the almost complete absence of the SERS signal of positively charged and neutral analytes (crystal violet and 9-aminoacridine) was reported for

• surface modification of Ag (polymers, lithium chloride, and multicharged metal ions) to improve the SERS signal of substrates (our preliminary results have been described in [29]). Finally, we applied the obtained results to detect oligonucleotide molecules and showed that the addition of Cu2+ ions into

Solution combustion synthesis of a nanometer-scale Co₃O₄ anode material for Li-ion batteries

• Monika Michalska,
• Huajun Xu,
• Qingmin Shan,
• Shiqiang Zhang,
• Yohan Dall'Agnese,
• Yu Gao,
• Amrita Jain and
• Marcin Krajewski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 424–431, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.34

• current densities between 50 and 5000 mA·g−1. Keywords: anode material; cobalt oxide; lithium-ion battery; solution combustion synthesis; transition metal oxide; Introduction Recently, a considerable research effort regarding new anode materials has been made because the traditional carbonaceous anodes

• cannot meet the requirements of the next-generation lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) due to their low capacity, sensitivity to electrolyte, and limited capability [1][2][3]. As a result, plenty of materials with high capacity and rate capability, good recyclability, and long lifetime have been proposed as

• sites). Crystalline Co3O4 exhibits the space group Fd3m (227) [5]. It also can reversibly store eight lithium ions according to the following conversion reaction: This redox reaction corresponds to a theoretical capacity of about 890 mAh·g−1 [1][2][3][4]. However, similarly to silicon and tin materials

Toward graphene textiles in wearable eye tracking systems for human–machine interaction

• Ata Jedari Golparvar and
• Murat Kaya Yapici

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.14

• nowadays, a lithium-ion/polymer battery with a rating of 3.7 V and 500 mAh was chosen to power the system. The battery charge management circuitry and DC–DC boost converter were based on a MCP73831 (Microchip, USA) and a TPS61090 (Texas Instruments, USA), respectively. To split the regulated 5 V, a rail

ZnO and MXenes as electrode materials for supercapacitor devices

• Ameen Uddin Ammar,
• Ipek Deniz Yildirim,
• Feray Bakan and
• Emre Erdem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 49–57, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.4

• . synthesized large-scale 2D Mo2CTx from Mo2Ga2C powder by etching gallium (Ga) selectively with the aid of two etchants, hydrogen fluoride (HF) and lithium fluoride (LiF)/HCl, with subsequent delamination. The morphology of the developed flakes differed with the used etchant. After using LiF/HCl as etchant

Self-standing heterostructured NiC_x-NiFe-NC/biochar as a highly efficient cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries

• Shengyu Jing,
• Xu Gong,
• Shan Ji,
• Linhui Jia,
• Bruno G. Pollet,
• Sheng Yan and
• Huagen Liang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1809–1821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.163

• , Norway Shanghai Time Shipping CO., LTD, Shanghai, 200126, China 10.3762/bjnano.11.163 Abstract Lithium–oxygen batteries have attracted research attention due to their low cost and high theoretical capacity. Developing inexpensive and highly efficient cathode materials without using noble metal-based

• catalysts is highly desirable for practical applications in lithium–oxygen batteries. Herein, a heterostructure of NiFe and NiCx inside of N-doped carbon (NiCx-NiFe-NC) derived from bimetallic Prussian blue supported on biochar was developed as a novel self-standing cathode for lithium–oxygen batteries. The

• . The structure of NiCx-NiFe-NC efficiently improved the electron and ion transfer between the cathode and the electrolyte during the electrochemical processes, resulting in superior electrocatalytic properties in lithium–oxygen batteries. This study indicates that nickel carbide supported on N-doped

Imaging and milling resolution of light ion beams from helium ion microscopy and FIBs driven by liquid metal alloy ion sources

• Nico Klingner,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Paul Mazarov,
• Wolfgang Pilz,
• Fabian Meyer and
• Lothar Bischoff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1742–1749, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.156

• compared with ion beams such as lithium, beryllium, boron, and silicon, obtained from a mass-separated FIB using a liquid metal alloy ion source (LMAIS) with respect to the imaging and milling resolution, as well as the current stability. Simulations were carried out to investigate whether the

• Yamamura et al. [34] are also given in Table 2. They are in a good agreement with the experimentally determined data from literature (volume-loss method), for example, for 30 keV helium in gold Yexp = 0.13 and for 35 keV lithium in gold Yexp = 0.4 [17]. Single-pixel lines have been milled with different

• resolution of the different ion beams. Figure 3 also shows the best imaging resolution for lithium and boron published so far. Examples for the other ion species can be found in the references listed in Table 2. The resolution results for the different ion species listed in Table 2 are plotted in Figure 4

Helium ion microscope – secondary ion mass spectrometry for geological materials

• Matthew R. Ball,
• Richard J. M. Taylor,
• Joshua F. Einsle,
• Fouzia Khanom,
• Christelle Guillermier and
• Richard J. Harrison

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1504–1515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.133

• well as practicalities for geological sample analyses of Li alongside a discussion of potential geological use cases of the HIM–SIMS instrument. Keywords: geoscience; helium ion microscopy (HIM); lithium; secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS); Introduction The helium ion microscope (HIM) is a

• geosciences have low atomic numbers. Lithium, for example, is critical to a low-carbon energy landscape through electric vehicles and battery materials [22][23]. The global carbon cycle is likewise critical for the continued evolution of surface conditions on Earth, both in the geological record [24][25] and

• , in contrast, has its highest mass resolving power at low masses (around 400 M/ΔM) with a low magnetic field applied within the mass spectrometer, making it an ideal tool for mapping these elements. Lithium mapping Figure 7 shows a comparison of the SEM–EDS signal obtained from a sample of Li-bearing

Wafer-level integration of self-aligned high aspect ratio silicon 3D structures using the MACE method with Au, Pd, Pt, Cu, and Ir

• Mathias Franz,
• Romy Junghans,
• Paul Schmitt,
• Adriana Szeghalmi and
• Stefan E. Schulz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1439–1449, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.128

• transport and improve the efficiency of the thermoelectric generator [7]. Silicon nanowire arrays are also an emerging anode material for integrated lithium-ion batteries. They have a ten times higher theoretical capacity than graphite and can be used for cells with high energy density. However, these