Non-stoichiometric magnetite as catalyst for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol and 2,6-dibromo-4-methylphenol – a new approach in water treatment

• Joanna Kisała,
• Anna Tomaszewska and
• Przemysław Kolek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1531–1540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.126

• halogenated aromatic pollutants. The particularly high degradation efficiency regarding halogen-containing DBMP molecules and the yield of bromide ions indicate that DBMP degradation follows a mixed reduction–oxidation mechanism. DBMP molecules interact with the magnetite surface, enabling them to react with

• influenced by the interaction between the DBMP molecule and the magnetite surface. When bonded to the catalyst’s surface, molecules can react with the electrons being generated. Therefore, we postulate a mixed reductive–oxidative mechanism of DBMP degradation on magnetite. In conclusion, magnetite can be an

A TiO₂@MWCNTs nanocomposite photoanode for solar-driven water splitting

• Anh Quynh Huu Le,
• Ngoc Nhu Thi Nguyen,
• Hai Duy Tran,
• Van-Huy Nguyen and
• Le-Hai Tran

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1520–1530, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.125

• photocatalytic, photoelectrochemical, and photovoltaic–photoelectrochemical systems. The features and the operating mechanism of photoelectrochemical water splitting are detailed in [10][11]. Photoelectrochemical water splitting has attracted much research interest because it has some outstanding advantages. The

In search of cytotoxic selectivity on cancer cells with biogenically synthesized Ag/AgCl nanoparticles

• Mitzi J. Ramírez-Hernández,
• Mario Valera-Zaragoza,
• Omar Viñas-Bravo,
• Ariana A. Huerta-Heredia,
• Miguel A. Peña-Rico,
• Erick A. Juarez-Arellano,
• David Paniagua-Vega,
• Eduardo Ramírez-Vargas and
• Saúl Sánchez-Valdes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1505–1519, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.124

• metalloproteinases (MMPs), the activity of which is favored by reactive species, and they have been shown to be directly involved in death mechanisms such as apoptosis, causing damage at the cell membrane level. In contrast, in monocytes, which are also high in MMPs, their activation mechanism is largely dependent

• on the production of NOs. Perhaps this fact is an explanation for the selectivity of the findings. However, a more in-depth study of this mechanism is necessary. These data have never been reported before, so their mechanistic interpretation and understanding requires further investigation. In order

Frequency-dependent nanomechanical profiling for medical diagnosis

• Santiago D. Solares and
• Alexander X. Cartagena-Rivera

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1483–1489, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.122

• optical imaging, the device could be equipped with one or more piezoelectrically excited membranes coupled with a sensing mechanism, such as an AFM cantilever or other type of mechanical sensor (similar stand-alone developments already exist [31][32]). The mechanical response of the membrane could be

• piezoelectrically actuated membrane equipped with a mechanical response sensing mechanism [31][32]. Illustration of a 2D adherent cell indented by a micrometer-sized spherical AFM probe, as well as storage and loss modulus calculated from the parameterized Generalized Maxwell model for 2D adherent normal and

Structural studies and selected physical investigations of LiCoO₂ obtained by combustion synthesis

• Monika Michalska,
• Paweł Ławniczak,
• Tomasz Strachowski,
• Adam Ostrowski and
• Waldemar Bednarski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1473–1482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.121

• conductivity and comparison of electrical properties of LCO powders) by using impedance spectroscopy (IS). Our studies provide important information on the mechanism of formation, particle growth, size, shape, and the control of these parameters during synthesis. Materials and Methods Synthesis of LiCoO2

Double-layer symmetric gratings with bound states in the continuum for dual-band high-Q optical sensing

• Chaoying Shi,
• Jinhua Hu,
• Xiuhong Liu,
• Junfang Liang,
• Jijun Zhao,
• Haiyan Han and
• Qiaofen Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1408–1417, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.116

• ]. Particularly, the QBIC sensor enables highly accurate detection of environmental changes by reading variations in the spectrum. However, numerous research works have focused on the BIC mechanism of single-mode resonance [26][28], which may limit its application. In this work, we proposed a double-layer

• length h, which is necessary for refractive index sensing applications. When the QBIC is applied to refractive index sensing, it enables more sensitive detection owing to its high figure of merit (FOM), the physical mechanism of which uses resonant position variations to detect changes in the refractive

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• nanoparticle material is released from the polymeric structure on the basis of diffusion as the major mechanism. It has been confirmed by mathematical modeling that the release is based on diffusion [10][61]. In contrast, the Peppas–Sahlin model describes the drug release from CS/DCX-PLGA NPs. The Peppas

• diffusional exponent indicating the drug release mechanism is represented by “n” in the Korsmeyer–Peppas model while “m” represents the same parameter in the Peppas–Sahlin model [63]. In order to examine the Peppas–Sahlin model more deeply, the diffusional exponent value m was computed as 0.450 for the CS/DCX

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• MBN-80 and other photocatalytic materials reported in the literature is discussed in Table 1. Photocatalytic mechanism The detailed photocatalytic mechanism is explained in Figure 8a,b. The CB potential of MBN-80 (−1.7 V vs NHE) is more negative than that of O2/O2−• (−0.33 V vs NHE) [44]. Conversely

• taking part in the degradation mechanism. The CTA was achieved by taking 1 mmol of p-benzoquinone, isopropyl alcohol (IPA), AgNO3, and triethanolamine (TEA) as quenching agents to trap O2−•, •OH, e−, and h+, respectively [46]. The outcome of CTA was depicted in Figure 8b. The addition of TEA demonstrated

Supramolecular assembly of pentamidine and polymeric cyclodextrin bimetallic core–shell nanoarchitectures

• Alexandru-Milentie Hada,
• Nina Burduja,
• Marco Abbate,
• Claudio Stagno,
• Guy Caljon,
• Louis Maes,
• Nicola Micale,
• Massimiliano Cordaro,
• Angela Scala,
• Antonino Mazzaglia and
• Anna Piperno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1361–1369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.112

• the same experimental conditions showed poor stability [14]. Although we are currently unable to elucidate the comprehensive mechanism that occurs during the reduction processes, we suppose that the direct reduction of gold ions by PolyCD takes place at sites involved in the nucleation/growing process

• silver shell (Figure 2B, Figure 2C). To further investigate the extraordinary ability of PolyCD to produce and to stabilize gold-based NPs and to shed light on the mechanism of Au(III) reduction by PolyCD, NMR analyses were carried out. The colloidal solutions of nanoG and nanoGS were lyophilized and

Straight roads into nowhere – obvious and not-so-obvious biological models for ferrophobic surfaces

• Wilfried Konrad,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Anita Roth-Nebelsick

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1345–1360, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.111

• network flow of water molecules is formed whose upper end is fastened within the leaves where transpiration takes place at the living leaf cells. From there it “hangs down” through twigs, trunks, stem and roots into the ground water. The stability of this transport mechanism relies on the comparatively

• , a mechanism was suggested that would be able to isolate a refilling conduit during the repair process [43]. An essential element of this special isolation mechanism is the formation of a stable interface (denoted “interface” in Figure 4e), which separates water and air within the pit cavity, thereby

• isolating the pit membrane from water (see appendix C). Various research was dedicated to this putative mechanism. Studies contributed by Konrad and Roth-Nebelsick [44][45], who considered the interfacial physics of the proposed mechanism, provided evidence that such an interface may be possible within pits

Near-infrared photoactive Ag-Zn-Ga-S-Se quantum dots for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells

• Roopakala Kottayi,
• Ilangovan Veerappan and
• Ramadasse Sittaramane

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1337–1344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.110

• AZGSSe QDs to TiO2 NFs with minimized charge recombination rate [35][36][37]. PV cell studies The electron transfer mechanism of the fabricated QDSC was examined by using impedance analysis. The impedance spectrum plotted in the form of a Nyquist plot (Figure 7) was fitted with the equivalent circuit

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

• purification [31][32][33][34][35]. However, the present report focuses on understanding the role of different Bi-based photocatalysts concerning their synthesis method and enhancement. The mechanism of photocatalysts for different applications has been described for the type or nature of the photocatalyst

• identifying the most active species led to a credible mechanism for RhB degradation (Figure 4b,c). It has been shown that the carrier combination centers may easily get doped at a deep level, considerably lowering photocatalytic activity. As a result, optimizing the electrical configuration by using suitable

• increased photocatalytic efficiency was the formation of heterojunctions together with the loading of quantum dots, which enhanced the light-harvesting efficiency and promoted the separation and migration of photogenerated carriers. The fabricated composites followed the S-scheme charge transfer mechanism

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• recaptured by acceptors and cannot be thermally excited back to the valence band [30][33]. In this case, the thermally activated conduction of free holes becomes less important, and hole hopping directly between acceptor states in the impurity band becomes the primary conduction mechanism [30][31][32][33

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• response mechanism was further explored to construct a highly selective and sensitive silver-doped gold-based bimetallic nanocluster fluorescent probe. Metal nanowire probe Nanowires have become a hot research topic as high aspect ratio structures [28][29][30]. In addition to their plain geometry, the

Role of titanium and organic precursors in molecular layer deposition of “titanicone” hybrid materials

• Arbresha Muriqi and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1240–1255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.103

• (MLD) allows the deposition of these hybrid films using sequential, self-limiting reactions, similar to atomic layer deposition (ALD). In this paper, we use first principles density functional theory (DFT) to investigate the growth mechanism of titanium-containing hybrid organic–inorganic MLD films

• density functional theory (DFT) simulations have recently been used to explore the reaction mechanism in Ti–organic MLD film growth [42], such a study that explores the surface reactions and the precursor chemistry in titanicone MLD film growth and the role of the precursor chemistries is still lacking

• . In this study we investigate the molecular mechanism of formation of titanicone films on anatase TiO2, rutile TiO2 and Al2O3 surfaces using TiCl4 or Ti(DMA)4 as Ti source and EG or GL as organic components. Calculated energetics suggest a higher reactivity of Ti(DMA)4 towards the selected surfaces

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• from the perspective of different material classifications and to provide guidance for future work in the field of MEGs. The effects of various parameters and structural designs on the output power, recent important literature and works, the mechanism of liquid–solid interactions at the nanoscale, and

• investigated electro-osmosis in tubes and provided a qualitative explanation of the mechanism. In 1861, Georg Quincke measured a potential difference between the two ends of the channels when water flowed in pipe channels, which implies that the streaming potential may be converted to electric power [5][6

• area between the nanomaterial and the moisture larger and greatly improves the carrier yield. Therefore, in the abovementioned charge transfer mechanism, nanostructures theoretically yield better performance [18][19][20]. More researchers have also noticed that nanoarchitectonics can significantly

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• microneedle coating are depicted in Figure 3 [171]. 3 An overview of microneedle systems for ocular drug delivery Considering the construction and the mechanism of action, four types of MNs used to deliver a drug to the eye can be distinguished in the scientific literature: (i) Solid MNs, used mostly for

Rapid fabrication of MgO@g-C₃N₄ heterojunctions for photocatalytic nitric oxide removal

• Minh-Thuan Pham,
• Duyen P. H. Tran,
• Xuan-Thanh Bui and
• Sheng-Jie You

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1141–1154, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.96

• conversion, DeNOx index, apparent quantum efficiency, trapping tests, and electron spin resonance measurements were carried out to understand the photocatalytic mechanism of the materials. The high reusability of the MgO@g-C3N4 heterojunction was shown by a five-cycle recycling test. This study provides a

• (HR-XPS). The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the materials was carried out in the form of fluorescence analysis with an excitation wavelength range of 200–900 nm. Finally, the photocatalytic mechanism was determined by trapping tests and ESR measurements. Photocatalytic performance The

• min. Trapping experiments were performed to evaluate the photocatalytic process mechanism for NO degradation. Three trapping agents were used representing different active species, namely isopropyl alcohol (IPA) for the hydroxyl radical (•OH), potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) for electrons (e−), and

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• , permitting the clamping of a sample/cantilever holder and, thus, allowing its safe and rapid transport between the linear manipulator head and the corresponding receivers in the AFM (Figure 7k). Note that we have tested different designs for the screw-activated clamping mechanism. We found the mechanism to

Green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles toward highly efficient photocatalysis and antibacterial application

• Vo Thi Thu Nhu,
• Nguyen Duy Dat,
• Le-Minh Tam and
• Nguyen Hoang Phuong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1108–1119, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.94

• concentration to 5 mg/mL, the E. coli inhibition efficiency reached 99.96% in 6 h and the E. coli inhibition efficiency reached 100% when the ZnO NPs dose was increased to 10 mg/mL with a contact time of 6 h. Proposed mechanism of photocatalytic dye degradation and antibacterial activity against E. coli by ZnO

• NPs The mechanism of photocatalytic degradation and E. coli antibacterial activity by ZnO NPs is illustrated in Figure 11. When ZnO is irradiated with visible or UV light whose energy is equal or greater than the bandgap of ZnO, the electrons from the VB of ZnO NPs are excited to the CB generating

• ) and MB (b) under visible and UV light. E. coli inhibition percentage by ZnO with different amounts of ZnO in various contact time intervals, with E. Coli initial concentrations of 5·104 CFU/mL (a) and 5·105 CFU/mL (b). Proposed mechanism of photocatalytic dye degradation and antibacterial activity

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

• described the reaction mechanism, which involves hydrolyzation of starch to form glucose, and then glucose is condensed to form CDs by ring-closure condensation. These CDs have been effectively used in bioimaging of cervical cancer cells as a suitable PL probe [124]. Wen et al. have created an incredibly

• surface state of CDs, which is closely linked to their fluorescence emission and serves as the most commonly acknowledged luminescence mechanism until now, includes the level of surface functional groups, surface oxidation, and molecular fluorescence. Surface oxidation level: Numerous investigations have

Spindle-like MIL101(Fe) decorated with Bi₂O₃ nanoparticles for enhanced degradation of chlortetracycline under visible-light irradiation

• Chen-chen Hao,
• Fang-yan Chen,
• Kun Bian,
• Yu-bin Tang and
• Wei-long Shi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1038–1050, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.91

• experiment and electron spin resonance (ESR) experiment suggest that the electron transfer path between Bi2O3 and MIL101(Fe) accords with the Z-type transfer mechanism. The possible photocatalytic degradation pathways were investigated via the analysis of the intermediate products in the degradation process

• , P13) are further oxidized and eventually evolve into possible small molecular intermediates such as (P14 m/z 116), Cl−, CO2, and H2O [60]. Proposed charge-transfer mechanism To explore charge-transfer mechanisms, the main active species involved in degradation of CTC catalyzed by BOM-20 was

• photocatalytic mechanism, the band structure was measured by UV–vis DRS and valence band X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (VB-XPS). UV–vis DRS spectra and the bandgap (Eg) of Bi2O3 and MIL101(Fe) were discussed in Figure 5a, and the obtained bandgap of Bi2O3 and MIL101(Fe) are 2.78 and 2.75 eV, respectively

Electrocatalytic oxygen reduction activity of AgCoCu oxides on reduced graphene oxide in alkaline media

• Iyyappan Madakannu,
• Indrajit Patil,
• Bhalchandra Kakade and
• Kasibhatta Kumara Ramanatha Datta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1020–1029, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.89

• effects, and carbon monoxide poisoning [16][17]. The electrocatalytic reactivity (mechanism and kinetics) of silver has similarities to that of Pt regarding the ORR performance, with considerably high onset potential, half-wave potential, current density, and number of transferred electrons. The important

Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers

• Biao Wei,
• Haijun Zhou,
• Guangxiang Li and
• Bin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88

• , and the modulation frequency can reach 60 GHz [13]. Moreover, all-optical modulation can directly alter the carrier distribution and is highly efficient. However, the mechanism of all-optical modulation is very complex. If we could effectively describe all-optical modulation of QCLs by numerical

Theoretical investigations of oxygen vacancy effects in nickel-doped zirconia from ab initio XANES spectroscopy at the oxygen K-edge

• Dick Hartmann Douma,
• Lodvert Tchibota Poaty,
• Alessio Lamperti,
• Stéphane Kenmoe,
• Abdulrafiu Tunde Raji,
• Alberto Debernardi and
• Bernard M’Passi-Mabiala

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 975–985, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.85

• fields, Ciprian et al. [4] showed that in Fe-doped ZrO2, the magnetism is produced by an oxygen-mediated super-exchange mechanism between Fe dopants, controlled by O vacancies. This finding also suggest the possibility that the microscopic mechanism underpinning this conclusion [4] may be common to a