Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• urban runoff have resulted in plastic pollution increasing in Nainital Lake, a popular tourist destination, threatening aquatic biodiversity [2]. Nazir et al. state that MPs pollute water bodies by accumulating in food chains and bearing toxic contaminants such as heavy metals. This problem is

• vulnerable to the action of plasticizers. Consumption of these substances interferes with metabolic processes and leads to bioaccumulation of toxic compounds, like heavy metals linked with MPs [11]. Altitude lake sediments contain high concentrations of MPs, which interfere with benthic assemblages and

• metabolic disturbance in aquatic life [114]. MPs also act as carriers of hydrophobic organic pollutants such as pesticides, heavy metals, and persistent organic pollutants, which are more harmful when ingested [23]. Trophic transfer issues are generated by the bioaccumulation of MPs in fish, with birds and

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• fixative used, as shown by Gruet et al. [10], and this could also explain the differences reported between studies. It is worth noting that a previous study conducted on S. alveolata found small amounts of iron and manganese in the glands’ periphery [10]. However, these metals were not detected in this

• , contains His-rich blocks that can form cross-links with transition metal ions, particularly copper ions [43]. These metals were not detected in this study, however. Another candidate, Sa-3C, was also identified through the in silico analyses. This candidate has a diblock copolymer structure containing a N

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• composition on the shape of the resulting NPs is demonstrated in Figure 5, where the TEM images of the NPs produced by Nd:YAG (1064 nm) nanosecond laser ablation of W and Ti targets in different solvents are presented. For both metals, the ablation in water produces spherical NPs, while in octane, the W

• to be quite versatile and applied to the nanosecond laser synthesis of nanowires of various metals including noble (Au [48][49], Cu [49]), alkali, and alkali-earth metals (Rb [49], Cs [49], Ba [49]) as well as refractory metals (Nb [50], W [50], Re [50] and Mo [50]). Upon interaction with a high

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• percentage values in Figure 4a. Figure 4b presents a visual representation of the ratio of gallium to the total metal content in the final structures. This allows for a comparison of gallium content to other metals within these structures, highlighting variations or trends among the different precursors. The

• data shows that, in the final metallic structures, precursor 1 yields a significantly higher gallium-to-other-metals ratio compared the other precursors. We also examined the relationship between ion fluence Fh and both the total metal content and the gallium content in the resulting structures. This

On the road to sustainability – application of metallic nanoparticles obtained by green synthesis in dentistry: a scoping review

• Lorena Pinheiro Vasconcelos Silva,
• Joice Catiane Soares Martins,
• Israel Luís Carvalho Diniz,
• Júlio Abreu Miranda,
• Danilo Rodrigues de Souza,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Moan Jéfter Fernandes Costa and
• Pedro Henrique Sette-de-Souza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1851–1862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.128

• , particularly in dentistry. This scoping review examines the rising focus on these nanoparticles regarding their antimicrobial, regenerative, and therapeutic potential in dental applications. Among the metals studied, silver and zinc oxide nanoparticles dominate because of their broad-spectrum antimicrobial

• biomaterials [16][17]. Owing to their high adaptability to various metals, including silver, zinc, iron, and platinum, their operational simplicity, and the ability to control nanoparticle size and morphology by selecting plant extracts and reaction conditions, green synthesis is gaining increasing prominence

• (Figure 3). This increase may be primarily related to the recent pursuit of sustainable and biocompatible methods. Plants, metals, and methods used in green synthesis The predominance of plant families such as Lamiaceae (n = 15), Fabaceae (n = 12), Myrtaceae (n = 8), Asteraceae (n = 7), and Zingiberaceae

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• (MPs) related to public health and environmental risks have gained significant attention [1]. Because of their small size, high surface area, and hydrophobic properties, MPs can act as vectors for toxic chemicals, including heavy metals (lead, cadmium, or mercury) and persistent organic pollutants like

Electrical, photocatalytic, and sensory properties of graphene oxide and polyimide implanted with low- and medium-energy silver ions

• Josef Novák,
• Eva Štěpanovská,
• Petr Malinský,
• Vlastimil Mazánek,
• Jan Luxa,
• Ulrich Kentsch and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1794–1811, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.123

• , and pronounced plasmonic effects in the visible spectrum [5]. These synergistic characteristics make Ag ions especially advantageous for multifunctional material modification [6]. Silver is one of the metals with the highest electrical conductivity, and its ion implantation is an effective method for

Ambient pressure XPS at MAX IV

• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Ulrike Küst,
• Alexander Klyushin,
• Rosemary Jones,
• Jan Knudsen,
• Robert Temperton,
• Andrey Shavorskiy and
• Esko Kokkonen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1677–1694, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.118

• precious metals such as Rh, Pd, and Pt [14][15]. Their atom-level dispersion maximizes surface exposure and minimizes metal consumption, which is critical for both economic and environmental sustainability. However, their inherently low site density and metastability under reaction conditions present

• agglomeration, especially at elevated temperatures, requires advanced strategies. Accordingly, diverse approaches have been developed to realize stable SACs across a wide range of metals and supports. Among these, site-selective atomic layer deposition [16], supported catalytically active liquid metal solutions

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• hydrocarbons, heavy metals, and other toxic contaminants, increasing their potential risks to living ecosystems and organisms [9][10]. MPs have low density, variable sizes, high persistence, and non-biodegradable nature. These characteristics make their removal difficult, especially in aquatic environments [11

• plankton development, lifespan and reproduction, and growth [45]. MPs function as carriers for heavy metals, resulting in their accumulation in the digestive systems of fish. This accumulation can negatively affect fish by impairing their activity, stunting growth, disrupting reproduction, and potentially

• contaminated with MPs. Meanwhile, a higher cost of these adsorbents limit their use for the removal of MPs [82]. Research is actively exploring alternative adsorbents, with a particular focus on nanomaterial-based options. Among these, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanoscale metals, nanocomposites, and metal oxides

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• germanium-based alloys with various metals, as well as emerging heterostructure systems, to achieve tailored electronic and optical properties suited for diverse transient device architectures. Bioresorbable metals are also regarded as essential components for interconnects and electrodes in transient

• electronic systems. Traditionally studied bioresorbable metals include magnesium, zinc, and their alloy AZ31B [51][52]. Mg has been utilized as a transient conductive material in implantable pressure and temperature sensors, where it served as the interconnects and electrodes and underwent complete

• bioresorbable electronic platforms [52]. However, the available range of bioresorbable metals remains limited. Mg and Zn exhibit rapid degradation under physiological conditions, with rates reaching approximately 1.2–12 µm/day (Mg; pH 7.4 simulated body fluid (SBF) at 37 °C) [54][55][56][57] and 3.5 µm/day (Zn

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• metals from water solution [28][29][30]. However, the poor dispersibility of bare CNTs in most solvents including water is a significant limitation to their wider applicability. Covalent modification of CNT surfaces with dendrimers of desirable functionality can improve their dispersibility and binding

• of trace heavy metals from aqueous solutions explaining the kinetics and thermodynamics of adsorption process. Results and Discussion Dendrimerized CNTs have been fabricated by pre-functionalizing the CNTs with MA via Diels–Alder reaction, excluding harmful chemicals and energy-intensive processes

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

• . These techniques have been important for progress in this field of study. 1.1 Laser ablation in liquids Laser ablation in liquids (LAL) is a well-established technique for synthesizing nanomaterials such as metals, semiconductors, ceramics, polymers, and alloys. Several review articles published since

• detailed discussion of their resulting applications is also available [11]. One of the earlier review articles (published in the year 2012) on laser ablation/irradiation explains how to attain nanostructures with various compositions (e.g., metals, alloys, oxides, carbides, and hydroxides) and morphologies

• engineering, and energy storage. LFL can be applied to a wide range of materials, including metals such as gold, silver, or copper, semiconductors, and perovskites materials. The method is versatile enough to cater to the synthesis of NPs across different compositions, making it a valuable tool for

The role of biochar in combating microplastic pollution: a bibliometric analysis in environmental contexts

• Tuan Minh Truong Dang,
• Thao Thu Thi Huynh,
• Guo-Ping Chang-Chien and
• Ha Manh Bui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1401–1416, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.102

• modifiers, magnetic-derived amphoteric metals and cooperative microbes [31][32][33][34]. Traditional biochar synthesis aims to optimize specific surface area and structural stability by controlling reaction time, heating rate and reactor temperature [35]. For example, biochar produced from oilseed rape

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• , and cell oxidative stress [10]. Another important class of biosensors relies on metal nanoparticles, as metals have long served as some of the earliest and most widely utilized materials in biosensor development. Like CNTs, nanoscale metal particles benefit from their small size and high surface-to

Ferroptosis induction by engineered liposomes for enhanced tumor therapy

• Alireza Ghasempour,
• Mohammad Amin Tokallou,
• Mohammad Reza Naderi Allaf,
• Mohsen Moradi,
• Hamideh Dehghan,
• Mahsa Sedighi,
• Mohammad-Ali Shahbazi and
• Fahimeh Lavi Arab

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1325–1349, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.97

• by six transmembrane epithelial antigens of the prostate 3 (STEAP3) in the acidic environment in the endosome. Fe+2 is then transported into the cytoplasm by the transporter for divalent metals (DMT1). Iron has various functions in the cell and can be used in different enzymatic processes or stored

Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• different metals, semiconductors, and polymers [9][12][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39]. LIPSS characterized by ripple-like subwavelength periodic structures on a material’s surface, are broadly classified into low spatial frequency LIPSS (LSFL) and high spatial frequency LIPSS (HSFL), based on their

• determined at room temperature, which might not be appropriate for metals heated with intense femtosecond laser pulses. The LIPSS period becomes smaller when the stainless steel surface is rougher as the roughness increases the real part of the refractive index at the metal–air interface [61]. Variation of

• on the laser intensity. In the linear regime, pure metals such as copper, aluminum, and silver, which have low electrical resistivity, exhibit a low penetration depth for EM waves. In contrast, composite alloys such as stainless steel have higher resistivity and show a higher penetration depth than

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• degradation byproducts [8][9]. One problem is that the hydrophilic structure of PVA gives it a high water-solubility, water uptake, and worse mechanical properties [10][11]. Different filler and nanomaterials including silica [12][13][14], graphene [15][16], and metals [17][18] have been added to PVA to

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• produces polycrystalline HEA NPs, nanosecond-pulsed laser ablation favors a metastable amorphous structure. Particle cores in all cases exhibit a homogeneous distribution of the metals Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, and Ni, while particle shells were found to vary between manganese-enriched oxide layers and thin

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• heat capacity is temperature-dependent in simple metals [28] (and the scattering cross section decreases with temperature), the cooling of the electron gas tends to slow down with increasing excitation density [107]. A well-known case is gold with exceptionally weak electron–phonon coupling, such that

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• last few years. One strength of these ion sources, which are based on laser-cooled atoms, is that many elements unavailable with conventional sources can be used. At least 27 elements, including metals and non-metals, have successfully been laser-cooled [9]. Among these elements, rubidium (Rb) and Cs

• merits of ion sources based on alkali metals. Also, Cs+ is a preferred species of ions over Ga+ for secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) applications because Cs+ can induce higher secondary ion yields for several elements such as carbon (C), oxygen (O), and hydrogen [17][18][19], which provides higher

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• hybridization occurring at the interface between cerium oxide and metals, either as substrates [23], as supported nanoparticles (NPs) [26][27] or as dopants [28]. The insight provided by such studies is highly relevant, since cerium oxide is often combined with metals in various applications. For example, it

• the concentration of critical and expensive noble metals in applications. The possibility of tuning the kinetic energy of the photoelectrons by varying the photon energy has also enabled a much higher surface sensitivity than laboratory XPS by selecting a photoelectron kinetic energy close to the

• -stoichiometric ceria surface. At higher exposures, the new peaks at 285.6 eV (4) and at 287.0 eV (5) on CeO2(111) and at 286.3 eV (4) and at 287.6 eV (5) on CeO2−x(111) are ascribed to physisorbed ethanol. To identify the role of the interaction between ceria and metals, the adsorption and reaction of ethylene

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• density from alkali metals to MoS2, which led to the 2H‒1T′ transition [19][32][53][54]. Such structural transformations are accompanied by the formation of Mo‒Mo and Na‒S bonds and the weakening of S–Mo bonds [3]. In the spectra of sodiated films, the Mo 3d and S 2p doublets related to sodium-free 2H

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• Earth, including toxic heavy metals and metalloids, radionuclides, and organic pollutants [5]. In addition to the aforementioned advantages as a semiconductor, it has the potential to be used in various applications through its nanostructures created via pulsed laser ablation in liquid (PLAL) and thin

• % pure, Beijing Goodwill Metals, China) was placed in a 250 mL beaker with 25 mL of solvent (IPA, DMF, ethanol, methanol, and acetone – all from Fermont, 99.9% pure, analytical grade). The FeS2 target surface was polished and washed each time using the respective solvent for ablation to get rid of any

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• extraction methods, exemplified by extraction from coffee powders [10] and alkaloid drug extraction from ground root powder [11]. Initially, LSPC research focused on inorganic materials such as metals [12][13], semiconductors [1], and oxides [14][15], where the particle formation mechanisms are well

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• , with an oxygen flow of 10 L/min. Then, a 1 M methylammonium lead iodide (MAPI) precursor solution was prepared (lead iodide 99.99% trace metals basis from TCI, methylammonium iodide >99.99% from Greatcell solar) with the materials dissolved in a DMF/DMSO (4:1) solvent and spin-coated using a two-step