Nanocrystalline TiO₂/SnO₂ heterostructures for gas sensing

• Barbara Lyson-Sypien,
• Anna Kusior,
• Mieczylaw Rekas,
• Jan Zukrowski,
• Marta Gajewska,
• Katarzyna Michalow-Mauke,
• Thomas Graule,
• Marta Radecka and
• Katarzyna Zakrzewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 108–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.12

• preadsorption at the surface of SnO2 grains. In the publications about the TiO2–SnO2 system [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][15][16][17] for improved gas sensing, one can find different types of materials: thick and thin films, nanostructures such as nanofibers, nanorods, nanobelts, nanopowders as well

Nano- and microstructured materials for in vitro studies of the physiology of vascular cells

• Alexandra M. Greiner,
• Adria Sales,
• Hao Chen,
• Sarah A. Biela,
• Dieter Kaufmann and
• Ralf Kemkemer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1620–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.155

• obtain nanofibers from natural proteins such as fibronectin. Recently, an alternative method has been developed where nanofibers of extruded fibronectin through a nanoporous aluminum oxide membrane were obtained. This method is based on a mechanical force to provoke fibrillogenesis (generation of fibers

Development of adsorptive membranes by confinement of activated biochar into electrospun nanofibers

• Mehrdad Taheran,
• Mitra Naghdi,
• Satinder K. Brar,
• Emile Knystautas,
• Mausam Verma,
• Rao. Y. Surampalli and
• Jose. R. Valero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1556–1563, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.149

• chlortetracycline showed that, under environmentally relevant concentrations, the fabricated adsorptive NFMs had a potential for removal of these types of emerging contaminants from water and wastewaters. Keywords: adsorptive membrane; biochar; chlortetracycline; nanofibers; Introduction Adsorptive membranes have

• atrazine from water [10]. Kampalanonwat and Supaphol and also Neghlani et al. used aminated polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers to remove heavy metals from water and achieved up to 150 mg/g adsorption capacity for copper [11][12]. Haider and Park fabricated chitosan nanofibers to take advantage of its

• of activated biochar are illustrated in Figure 2. Generally, the nanofibers were uniform in shape and size and the moderate speed of the rotational drum led to the formation of randomly oriented fibers, which is in favor of membrane fabrications due to required mechanical strength in all directions

A composite structure based on reduced graphene oxide and metal oxide nanomaterials for chemical sensors

• Vardan Galstyan,
• Elisabetta Comini,
• Iskandar Kholmanov,
• Andrea Ponzoni,
• Veronica Sberveglieri,
• Nicola Poli,
• Guido Faglia and
• Giorgio Sberveglieri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1421–1427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.133

• nanofibers loaded with reduced graphene oxide [23]. These recent studies indicate that the combination of graphene and its modified structures with ZnO nanomaterials may open new perspectives for the fabrication of ZnO-based chemical sensors. In this paper, we describe a hybrid nanomaterial consisting of RGO

Ammonia gas sensors based on In₂O₃/PANI hetero-nanofibers operating at room temperature

• Qingxin Nie,
• Zengyuan Pang,
• Hangyi Lu,
• Yibing Cai and
• Qufu Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1312–1321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.122

• Qingxin Nie Zengyuan Pang Hangyi Lu Yibing Cai Qufu Wei Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, Jiangsu, China 10.3762/bjnano.7.122 Abstract Indium nitrate/polyvinyl pyrrolidone (In(NO3)3/PVP) composite nanofibers were synthesized via

• electrospinning, and then hollow structure indium oxide (In2O3) nanofibers were obtained through calcination with PVP as template material. In situ polymerization was used to prepare indium oxide/polyaniline (In2O3/PANI) composite nanofibers with different mass ratios of In2O3 to aniline. The structure and

• morphology of In(NO3)3/PVP, In2O3/PANI composite nanofibers and pure PANI were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and current–voltage (I–V) measurements. The gas sensing properties

Improved lithium-ion battery anode capacity with a network of easily fabricated spindle-like carbon nanofibers

• Mengting Liu,
• Wenhe Xie,
• Lili Gu,
• Tianfeng Qin,
• Xiaoyi Hou and
• Deyan He

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1289–1295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.120

• carbon nanofibers was fabricated via a simplified synthesis involving electrospinning followed by preoxidation in air and postcarbonization in Ar. Not only was the as-obtained carbon network comprised of beads of spindle-like nanofibers but the cubic MnO phase and N elements were successfully anchored

• combing pompon-like MnO nanocrystallites with carbon nanotube scaffolds [12]. Wang et al. and Zhao et al. claimed that the electrospun MnO–C composite nanofibers preformed high reversible capacities of 663 and 1082 mAh g−1, respectively, at a current density of 0.1 A g−1 [5][13]. On the whole, hybridizing

• , a network of spindle-like carbon nanofibers anchored with MnO and N for LIB anodes was fabricated via a simplified synthesis route involving electrospinning followed by preoxidation in air and postcarbonization in Ar. The microstructure, chemical composition and electrochemical lithium storage

Hierarchical coassembly of DNA–triptycene hybrid molecular building blocks and zinc protoporphyrin IX

• Rina Kumari,
• Sumit Singh,
• Mohan Monisha,
• Sourav Bhowmick,
• Anindya Roy,
• Neeladri Das and
• Prolay Das

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 697–707, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.62

• composite DNA nanostructures was observed. Native PAGE, circular dichroism (CD) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have been utilized for analyzing the formation of DNA nanofibers after the coassembly. Computational methods were applied to discern the theoretical dimension of the DNA–TPA molecular building

• block of the nanofibers. A notable change in photocatalytic efficiency of Zn PpIX was observed when it was inside the TPA–DNA scaffold. The significant increase in ROS generation by Zn PpIX when trapped in this biocompatible DNA–TPA hybrid nanofiber may be an effective tool to explore photodynamic

• applications [43][44].These small molecules also provide the template for the construction of self-assembled supramolecular structures that undergo several self-correction steps in the due course of the construction of their complex structures [45]. These structures may be nanopores, nanofibers, nanotubes and

Functional fusion of living systems with synthetic electrode interfaces

• Oskar Staufer,
• Sebastian Weber,
• C. Peter Bengtson,
• Hilmar Bading,
• Joachim P. Spatz and
• Amin Rustom

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 296–301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.27

• .; Mai, L.; Lieber, C. Nat. Nano. 2013, 9, 142–147), vertically aligned gallium phosphide NWs (Hällström, W.; Mårtensson, T.; Prinz, C.; Gustavsson, P.; Montelius, L.; Samuelson, L.; Kanje, M. Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2960–2965) or individually contacted, electrically active carbon nanofibers. The latter of

Nanostructured superhydrophobic films synthesized by electrodeposition of fluorinated polyindoles

• Gabriela Ramos Chagas,
• Thierry Darmanin and
• Frédéric Guittard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 2078–2087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.212

• , nanofibers are observed with the substituents in the 5-position (PIndole-5-Fn) and spherical particles in the 6-position (PIndole-6-Fn). This confirms previous works in which authors showed that the polymerization is favorable in the indole positions 2, 3, 5 and 7 [31][32]. Indeed, if the polymerization of

• 100 mC·cm−2. Here, the contact angles are not very high because the nanofibers are horizontally aligned on the substrate. By contrast, the polymers PIndole-6-Fn display extremely high θwater and also superhydrophobic properties for PIndole-6-F6, even with a low roughness. The differences between the

Nanofibers for drug delivery – incorporation and release of model molecules, influence of molecular weight and polymer structure

• Jakub Hrib,
• Jakub Sirc,
• Radka Hobzova,
• Zuzana Hampejsova,
• Zuzana Bosakova,
• Marcela Munzarova and
• Jiri Michalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1939–1945, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.198

• , Charles University in Prague, Albertov 2030, 128 43 Prague 2, Czech Republic Nanovia Ltd., Podkrusnohorska 271, 436 03 Litvinov-Chuderin, Czech Republic 10.3762/bjnano.6.198 Abstract Nanofibers were prepared from polycaprolactone, polylactide and polyvinyl alcohol using NanospiderTM technology

• . Polyethylene glycols with molecular weights of 2 000, 6 000, 10 000 and 20 000 g/mol, which can be used to moderate the release profile of incorporated pharmacologically active compounds, served as model molecules. They were terminated by aromatic isocyanate and incorporated into the nanofibers. The release of

• these molecules into an aqueous environment was investigated. The influences of the molecular length and chemical composition of the nanofibers on the release rate and the amount of released polyethylene glycols were evaluated. Longer molecules released faster, as evidenced by a significantly higher

Metal hydrides: an innovative and challenging conversion reaction anode for lithium-ion batteries

• Luc Aymard,
• Yassine Oumellal and
• Jean-Pierre Bonnet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1821–1839, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.186

• deposition method such as Mg/MgH2 nanowires or nanofibers are under development for a few years now [69][70][71]. For instance Mg nanowire shows interesting modifications of both thermodynamics and kinetics compared to the bulk material: a decrease of the dissociation energy of about 12%, (30–50 nm nanowires

• of particles having controlled size and shapes (nanofibers, nanoparticles, microdendrites, irregular bulk, hexagonal microplates and microspheres). A good picture of this synthesis method, leading to the production of tailored materials, is given by a pressure–temperature diagram, similar to the

Atomic scale interface design and characterisation

• Carla Bittencourt,
• Chris Ewels and
• Arkady V. Krasheninnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1708–1711, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.174

• refined, for example new understandings of diffusion processes during growth and oxidation allow for the engineering of hollow nanostructures using the Kirkendall effect [10], the filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibers to tune their properties [11], or the use of electron irradiation to produce carbon

Peptide-equipped tobacco mosaic virus templates for selective and controllable biomineral deposition

• Klara Altintoprak,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alexander Welle,
• Sabine Eiben,
• Petia Atanasova,
• Nina Stitz,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Joachim Bill,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Holger Jeske,
• Dirk Rothenstein,
• Fania Geiger and
• Christina Wege

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1399–1412, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.145

• because chemical synthesis or technical approaches applied at mild conditions commonly generate spherical structures [14]. Mineral nanofibers of predetermined size are of major importance for the preparation of functional films and extended 3D materials. Hence, anisotropic scaffolds such as high molecular

Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

• Deborah Vidick,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Michel Devillers,
• Claude Poleunis,
• Arnaud Delcorte,
• Pietro Moggi,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo and
• Sophie Hermans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1287–1297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.133

• Scienze 17/A, 43124 Parma, Italy 10.3762/bjnano.6.133 Abstract Heterometal clusters containing Ru and Au, Co and/or Pt are anchored onto carbon nanotubes and nanofibers functionalized with chelating phosphine groups. The cluster anchoring yield is related to the amount of phosphine groups available on

• and atmospheric pressure with very low Ru loading. Keywords: ammonia synthesis; cluster; nanofibers; nanoparticles; nanotubes; Introduction Metal nanoparticles (NPs) supported on nanoscopic forms of carbon (nanotubes, nanofibers) are an important class of nanostructured materials that find

• metals. Moreover, bimetal nanoparticles supported on nanocarbons have attracted much interest since synergetic effects could enhance the global activity, as compared with pure metal. In particular, Ru–Pt NPs supported on carbon nanotubes (CNT) (mostly multiwalled nanotubes (MWNT), or carbon nanofibers

High photocatalytic activity of V-doped SrTiO₃ porous nanofibers produced from a combined electrospinning and thermal diffusion process

• Panpan Jing,
• Wei Lan,
• Qing Su and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1281–1286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.132

• uniform, porous, fibrous structure, but also that some V5+ ions are introduced into the SrTiO3 lattice. The photocatalytic capability of V-doped SrTiO3 porous nanofibers was evaluated through photodegrading methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution under artificial UV–vis light. The results indicated that V

• -doped SrTiO3 porous nanofibers have excellent catalytic efficiency. Furthermore, the excellent catalytic activity was maintained even after five cycle tests, indicating that they have outstanding photocatalytic endurance. It is suggested that the excellent photocatalytic performance of doped SrTiO3

• nanofibers is possibly attributed to the V5+ ion doping increasing the light utilization as well as to the outstanding porous features, the excellent component and structure stability. Keywords: electrospinning; photocatalysis; porous nanofibers; SrTiO3; thermal diffusion; vanadium-ion doping; Introduction

Fulleropeptide esters as potential self-assembled antioxidants

• Mira S. Bjelaković,
• Tatjana J. Kop,
• Jelena Đorđević and
• Dragana R. Milić

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1065–1071, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.107

• functionalized fullerenes are able to self-assemble into a plethora of supramolecular structures, such as spheres, nanotubes, vesicles, rods, nanowires, and nanofibers [9][10][11]. Also, formation of diverse morphologies of self-assembled fullerene derivatives under different external conditions has also been

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Transformation of hydrogen titanate nanoribbons to TiO₂ nanoribbons and the influence of the transformation strategies on the photocatalytic performance

• Melita Rutar,
• Nejc Rozman,
• Matej Pregelj,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Romana Cerc Korošec,
• Andrijana Sever Škapin,
• Aleš Mrzel,
• Srečo D. Škapin and
• Polona Umek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 831–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.86

• titanate 1D nanostructures such as nanotubes [9][12], nanowires [13], nanofibers or nanoribbons [12] (NR) morphologies can be obtained. Transformations from the layered titanate structure to TiO2-B and then to the anatase structure (H2Ti3O7 → TiO2-B → anatase) are considered to be topotactic reactions [14

Applications of three-dimensional carbon nanotube networks

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Francesco De Nicola,
• Ilaria Cacciotti,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Emanuela Gatto,
• Mariano Venanzi and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 792–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.82

• presence of both (i) carbon sp2 species (e.g., nanofibers), characterized by a rough surface, and (ii) the high porosity. In fact, it is known that irregular surfaces make adsorption of organics much easier than smooth ones [24]. The adsorbed oil can easily be removed after the sponge is saturated simply

Filling of carbon nanotubes and nanofibres

• Reece D. Gately and
• Marc in het Panhuis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 508–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.53

• filling these carbon nanostructures. We highlight that filled carbon nanostructures are an emerging material for biomedical applications. Keywords: applications; carbon nanostructures; filling; nanofibers; nanotubes; Introduction Carbon nanotubes are well-known, 1D nanostructures, which are comprised of

Tunable white light emission by variation of composition and defects of electrospun Al₂O₃–SiO₂ nanofibers

• Jinyuan Zhou,
• Gengzhi Sun,
• Hao Zhao,
• Xiaojun Pan,
• Zhenxing Zhang,
• Yujun Fu,
• Yanzhe Mao and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 313–320, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.29

• Avenue, 639798, Singapore 10.3762/bjnano.6.29 Abstract Composite nanofibers consisting of Al2O3–SiO2 were prepared by electrospinning in combination with post-calcination in air. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy were used to investigate the

• crystalline phase and microstructure of the composite nanofibers. Photoluminescence experiments indicated that the resulting white light emission can be tuned by the relative intensity of the individual spectral components, which are related to the individual defects such as: violet-blue emission from O

• materials. Keywords: Al2O3–SiO2; defects; electrospinning; nanofibers; photoluminescence; white light emission; Introduction During the last decade, nanoscale SiO2 has been intensely investigated as a new silicon-based light-emitting material. Its wide photoluminescence (PL) band ranges from the UV to red

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• of these biomimetic tissue-engineering constructs as efficient coatings for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants. Keywords: cardiovascular implants; electrospun nanofibers; plasma treatment; scaffold; tissue engineering; Introduction Cardiovascular diseases represent one of the major

• hydrophobic character [19]. To date, several surface-engineering techniques have been applied in order to chemically modify surfaces of electrospun nanofibers [9][20][21][22], including treatments by flame, corona discharge, plasma, photons, electron beam, ion beam, X-rays, and gamma rays. Among them

• plasma-treated electrospun scaffolds are shown in Figure 1a–c. The images clearly indicate the effect of the plasma modification on the structural and surface integrity of the electrospun scaffolds. The unmodified fabricated nanofibers appeared interconnected and randomly stacked in a layer-by-layer

Functionalization of α-synuclein fibrils

• Simona Povilonienė,
• Vida Časaitė,
• Virginijus Bukauskas,
• Arūnas Šetkus,
• Juozas Staniulis and
• Rolandas Meškys

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 124–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.12

• ]. These natural building blocks with a wide range of modifiable properties have become very attractive tools for applications in biotechnology, material science, molecular electronics and related fields [6]. A variety of nanostructures, including nanotubes, nanospheres, nanofibers, nanotapes and hydrogels

Liquid-phase exfoliated graphene: functionalization, characterization, and applications

• Mildred Quintana,
• Jesús Iván Tapia and
• Maurizio Prato

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2328–2338, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.242

• to pure DMF. In this process, carbon nanofibers (CNFs) are formed revealing the occurrence of chemical reactions. During the ultrasonication process, graphene sheets were cut close to the edges, producing small fragments which later aggregate into CNFs. To verify the mechanism of CNF formation, gold

• nanoparticles (Au NPs) were introduced as contrast markers. Tiopronin and its fragments are well-known stabilizers for Au NPs. The analysis by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed Au NPs mostly resided on the nanofibers, thus supporting the proposed mechanism as shown in Figure 2. This methodology

• graphene layers and carbon nanofibers. (b) Carbon nanofibers marked with Au Nanorods. (c) Representative TEM micrograph of a graphene sheet. (d) HR-TEM image of graphene. Reprinted with permission from [9], copyright 2012 The Royal Society of Chemistry. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of MWNTs from graphite

Growth and structural discrimination of cortical neurons on randomly oriented and vertically aligned dense carbon nanotube networks

• Christoph Nick,
• Sandeep Yadav,
• Ravi Joshi,
• Christiane Thielemann and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1575–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.169

• growth. The use of vertically aligned CNTs for the design of 3D electrodes was proposed [22]. The interface between dense vertically aligned carbon nanofibers and neurons derived from the rat pheochromocytoma (PC12 cell line) was also studied [10]. However, although vertically grown CNTs have been