The effect of heat treatment on the morphology and mobility of Au nanoparticles

• Sven Oras,
• Sergei Vlassov,
• Simon Vigonski,
• Boris Polyakov,
• Mikk Antsov,
• Vahur Zadin,
• Rünno Lõhmus and
• Karine Mougin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 61–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.6

• atomic force microscope (AFM) in order to study the effect of annealing on their tribological behavior. Experimental Nanoparticle synthesis A colloidal suspension of Au NPs was produced by reducing an aqueous solution of HAuCl4·H2O. The procedure consisted of adding 3 mL of 1% aqueous HAuCl4 (Sigma

Gold and silver dichroic nanocomposite in the quest for 3D printing the Lycurgus cup

• Lars Kool,
• Floris Dekker,
• Anton Bunschoten,
• Glen J. Smales,
• Brian R. Pauw,
• Aldrik H. Velders and
• Vittorio Saggiomo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 16–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.2

• nanoparticles present in the glass. In this research we show the synthesis of dichroic silver nanoparticles and their embedding in a 3D printable nanocomposite. The addition of gold nanoparticles to the silver nanoparticle composite, gave a 3D printable nanocomposite with the same dichroism effect of the

• dissolution of AgNP@PVA which can compete with PVP on the nanoparticle surface. We studied this effect also by SAXS, comparing the size distribution of the nanoparticles in solution, the ones from the dissolved AgNP@PVA and also the ones in a 3D printed AgNP@PVA. SAXS analyses of the three samples do not show

The different ways to chitosan/hyaluronic acid nanoparticles: templated vs direct complexation. Influence of particle preparation on morphology, cell uptake and silencing efficiency

• Arianna Gennari,
• Julio M. Rios de la Rosa,
• Erwin Hohn,
• Maria Pelliccia,
• Enrique Lallana,
• Roberto Donno,
• Annalisa Tirella and
• Nicola Tirelli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2594–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.250

• ; the former can address a nanoparticle to cell surface receptors such as CD44, the second allows both for entrapment of nucleic acids and for an endosomolytic activity that facilitates their liberation in the cytoplasm. Here, we have systematically compared nanoparticles prepared either A) through a

• presentation of HA [18], which affected the nanoparticle internalization in both RAW 264.7 macrophages [19][20] and XS106 dendritic cells [21]. In both cases, nanoparticles based on chitosan of low molecular weight appeared to be surrounded by a corona of loosely bound HA, which on one hand lowered the maximum

• the different preparative processes may affect nanoparticle uptake and the release of encapsulated payloads using a murine macrophagic (RAW 264.7) and a human colorectal tumor (HCT-116) cell line, both popular in vitro models for the study of cellular interactions of HA-based materials [20][22

Long-term stability and scale-up of noncovalently bound gold nanoparticle-siRNA suspensions

• Anna V. Epanchintseva,
• Julia E. Poletaeva,
• Dmitrii V. Pyshnyi,
• Elena I. Ryabchikova and
• Inna A. Pyshnaya

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2568–2578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.248

• buffers with different pH values by analyzing the optical absorption spectra in the range of 400–800 nm (Figure 2). We did not observe a wide peak in the range of 650–700 nm, which would indicate nanoparticle aggregation. This peak appeared only in the case of mixing of the AuNP-siRNA suspension with the

• surface of gold nanoparticles. The integrity of siRNA in the AuNP-siRNA was examined after storage of the suspension for three weeks and seven months by the treatment with dithiothreitol (DTT) for the desorption of siRNA from the nanoparticle surface, followed by the analysis by gel electrophoresis

• the physicochemical parameters dependent on the surface density siRNA. The noncovalent AuNP-siRNA nanoconstruction showed high colloidal stability during storage up to seven months at 4 °C. We demonstrated the formation and disintegration of the nanoparticle clusters, which were proved to be

Bombesin receptor-targeted liposomes for enhanced delivery to lung cancer cells

• Mohammad J. Akbar,
• Pâmela C. Lukasewicz Ferreira,
• Melania Giorgetti,
• Leanne Stokes and
• Christopher J. Morris

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2553–2562, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.246

• . Flow cytometric and microscopic studies showed that fluorescently labelled cystabn-decorated liposomes accumulated more extensively in GRPR over-expressing cells than matched liposomes that contained no cystabn targeting motif. Conclusion: The use of GRPR antagonistic peptides for nanoparticle

• ]. SCLC growth as a result of stimulation by nanoparticle targeting ligands is highly undesirable. We therefore sought to explore the use of GRPR antagonist peptides on the liposomal carriers. Here, we exploited a peptide derived from the work of Mansi et al. who showed that the radiolabelled antagonist

• polydisperse proteins of different sizes [27]. Indeed, the surface properties of various nanoparticles have been shown to change dramatically in the presence of plasma or serum [28] with the establishment of an adsorbed protein corona around the nanoparticle. It is now widely accepted that the particle protein

Frontiers in pharmaceutical nanotechnology

• Matthias G. Wacker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2538–2540, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.244

• science. They have fundamentally changed our understanding of the way dosage forms can facilitate drug therapy. Prof. Jörg Kreuter has been a pioneer in this research area and dedicated his life’s work to nanoparticle research and the blood–brain barrier [2]. One of his most outstanding discoveries, the

Formation of metal/semiconductor Cu–Si composite nanostructures

• Natalya V. Yumozhapova,
• Andrey V. Nomoev,
• Vyacheslav V. Syzrantsev and
• Erzhena C. Khartaeva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2497–2504, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.240

• content of 50 atom %. Additionally, an estimation of the effective experimental cooling rate was made. Keywords: composite nanoparticle; gas-phase synthesis; molecular dynamics modelling; Introduction In recent years, due to the development of various methods of synthesis, it has become possible to

• Mie scattering theory, investigated the optical response of the obtained Si/Au nanoparticles. The results of the study showed an increase of the local electric field and unidirectional light scattering with a high Purcell coefficient compared with a nanoparticle consisting only of gold. Another

• precipitation of the powder. The composite nanoparticle vapour, passing into the chamber (9) through the pipe (8), is deposited on the filter (10). Simulation Technique For the simulations, we used the molecular dynamics method, in which the matter is considered at the atomic level without explicitly taking

Label-free highly sensitive probe detection with novel hierarchical SERS substrates fabricated by nanoindentation and chemical reaction methods

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Yongda Yan,
• Li Wang,
• Peng Miao,
• Yimin Han,
• Xinming Zhang,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Yanquan Geng,
• Zhankun Weng,
• Daniel Laipple and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2483–2496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.239

• beam lithography and self-assembly methods to fabricate gold clusters of micrometer size and regular spacing. Subsequently, the detection resolution of 4-acetamidothiophenol was 0.05 g/L using the substrate. Nanoparticle cluster array structures with a size of 40 nm were fabricated by electron beam

• of cavities contain much higher Ag nanoparticle content formed on the plane during chemical corrosion. The stress in the cavity and in the plane are different due to the pile-up of material generated during the fabrication of arrayed pyramidal cavities. The change in stress on the different positions

• local electric field enhancement is caused when a single nanoparticle comes in contact with the sample and the “hot spots” are formed by multiple nanoparticles to improve the electric field intensity and local electromagnetic field. Zhang et al. [32] deposited a Ag film of 30 nm and a Au film of 10 nm

Small protein sequences can induce cellular uptake of complex nanohybrids

• Jan-Philip Merkl,
• Malak Safi,
• Christian Schmidtke,
• Fadi Aldeek,
• Johannes Ostermann,
• Tatiana Domitrovic,
• Sebastian Gärtner,
• John E. Johnson,
• Horst Weller and
• Hedi Mattoussi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2477–2482, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.238

• on the ability of functional fusion proteins presenting a lytic gamma peptide, to promote interactions with HeLa cells and delivery of large hybrid nanostructures. Keywords: bioconjugation; cellular uptake; nanoparticle hybrids; polymer encapsulation; self-assembly; Introduction Developing hybrid

Multiwalled carbon nanotube based aromatic volatile organic compound sensor: sensitivity enhancement through 1-hexadecanethiol functionalisation

• Nadra Bohli,
• Meryem Belkilani,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Adnane Abdelghani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2364–2373, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.227

• spectroscopy (FTIR) were performed to characterize the gold nanoparticle decoration and to examine the thiol monolayer bonding to the MWCNTs. The detection of aromatic vapours using Au-MWCNT and HDT/Au-MWCNT sensors down to the ppm range shows that the presence of the self-assembled layer increases the

• , metal decoration or chemical functionalisation [13]. In the present work, we investigated the effect of gold nanoparticle decorated, multiwall carbon nanotubes functionalized with 1-hexadecanethiol on the sensor selectivity and sensitivity towards benzene and toluene vapours. Experimental Materials

• Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were purchased from Nanocyl S.A. (Belgium) with a minimum purity of 95 wt %. They have an average length of 50 µm and average inner/outer diameter of 3 and 15 nm, respectively. 1-Hexadecanethiol (HDT) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Sensor fabrication Gold nanoparticle

The role of Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Al³⁺ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu,
• Loredana F. Leopold and
• Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

• species to the nanoparticle surface makes their SERS detection challenging since the most used SERS colloids contain anionic capping agents such as chloride or citrate. Table 1 summarizes several SERS studies of anionic species showing the detected anionic analyte, the concentration and the employed SERS

• the cit-AgNPs with 1 mM AgNO3, which generated additional Ag+ SERS-active sites on the nanoparticle surface [13]. However, the adsorption affinity of citrate to the Ag+ activated silver surface is ≈10 times lower than that to the Ca2+ or Mg2+ activated silver surface [13]. Therefore, an additional

• presented in this study show that the chemisorption of anionic analytes to cit-AgNPs highly depends on both the chemical structure of the target analyte and the intrinsic properties of the nanoparticle surface, which dictate the interaction with the molecule. The adsorption of citrate, uric acid, salicylic

Dynamics of superparamagnetic nanoparticles in viscous liquids in rotating magnetic fields

• Nikolai A. Usov,
• Ruslan A. Rytov and
• Vasiliy A. Bautin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2294–2303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.221

• (AMF) of frequency f = 100–500 kHz and amplitude H0 = 100–200 Oe. This would allow the tumor temperature to be maintained at about 42 °C if a magnetic nanoparticle assembly were capable to absorb efficiently the energy of the alternating magnetic field. According to a number of medical indications [1

• ]. Inside the cells magnetic nanoparticles usually form dense clusters tightly bound to the surrounding tissues [21][22][23][24], so that the rotation of a nanoparticle as a whole in AMF is difficult or completely absent. Thus, the AMF energy absorption is only associated with the dynamics of the magnetic

• description of the energy absorption processes for assemblies of immobilized and freely rotating nanoparticles. In dense nanoparticle assemblies that are tightly bound to surrounding tissues the mechanical rotation of the particles is inhibited. However, one has to take into account the influence of strong

Microfluidics as tool to prepare size-tunable PLGA nanoparticles with high curcumin encapsulation for efficient mucus penetration

• Nashrawan Lababidi,
• Valentin Sigal,
• Aljoscha Koenneke,
• Konrad Schwarzkopf,
• Andreas Manz and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2280–2293, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.220

• vaccine delivery [1][2], in anticancer therapies [3][4], as well as for gene delivery [5][6]. Owing to the unique physicochemical properties of nanoparticles, the nanoparticle surface can be specifically modified to meet the needs of the desired application [7][8]. Such surface modifications can also be

• width on the nanoparticle properties. In Figure 4 it can be seen that the NP size was reduced from 120 to 70 nm as a result of modulating the width of the mixing channel from 280 to 100 µm at a 0.05 flow rate ratio due to shortened mixing times. This effect can be clearly seen for the slowest FRR. For

• our knowledge. Nanoparticle interaction with mucin The stability of NPs within biological fluids is an essential factor with respect to their potential biological effects [53]. This holds especially true for the interaction of the particles with mucus. To estimate this, a mucin solution was chosen as

Targeted therapeutic effect against the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 with a CuFe₂O₄/silica/cisplatin nanocomposite formulation

• B. Rabindran Jermy,
• Vijaya Ravinayagam,
• Widyan A. Alamoudi,
• Dana Almohazey,
• Hatim Dafalla,
• Lina Hussain Allehaibi,
• Abdulhadi Baykal,
• Muhammet S. Toprak and
• Thirunavukkarasu Somanathan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2217–2228, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.214

• /HYPS was applied as the support. An in vitro experiment was conducted to determine the potential of CuFe2O4/HYPS as an anticancer agent against the human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. The results show that the nanoparticle formulation can effectively target cancerous cells and could be an effective

• nanometer-sized copper spinel clusters over HYPS (Figure 5). The particle size reduction tends to decrease the saturation magnetization. In particular, noncollinear spin arrangements present at the external nanoparticle surface play a major role, which in influences the response of the material to the

Mannosylated brush copolymers based on poly(ethylene glycol) and poly(ε-caprolactone) as multivalent lectin-binding nanomaterials

• Stefania Ordanini,
• Wanda Celentano,
• Anna Bernardi and
• Francesco Cellesi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2192–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.212

• three days. The crudes were purified by dialysis against water, and the final products (A4-)PEGx-PCLy-Many were lyophilized, achieving moderate to high yields. Nanoparticle formation and size characterization Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to determine the hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) of the

Nonlinear absorption and scattering of a single plasmonic nanostructure characterized by x-scan technique

• Tushar C. Jagadale,
• Dhanya S. Murali and
• Shi-Wei Chu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2182–2191, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.211

• to the sum of the nanoparticle-induced attenuation (ANP) and the transmission through the nanoparticle (TNP), i.e., To = ANP + TNP. Note that forward scattering is included in the transmission signal TNP. Thus, the attenuation signal ANP only contains absorption and backscattering. The dark spot in

• ). Nevertheless, in our case, ANP = To − TNP, where the transmission through the nanoparticle TNP already includes the forward scattering; thus, here the nanoparticle-induced attenuation ANP is comprised of the absorption and "only" the backscattering R of the nanoparticle. As mentioned above, attenuation and

• Figure 2d show the respective backscattering and attenuation profiles of the randomly selected single gold nanostructure marked by an arrow in Figure 2a,b. Whether a single nanoparticle has been measured can be examined by inspection of the corresponding scattering spectrum and comparison of the

Use of data processing for rapid detection of the prostate-specific antigen biomarker using immunomagnetic sandwich-type sensors

• Camila A. Proença,
• Tayane A. Freitas,
• Thaísa A. Baldo,
• Elsa M. Materón,
• Flávio M. Shimizu,
• Gabriella R. Ferreira,
• Frederico L. F. Soares,
• Ronaldo C. Faria and
• Osvaldo N. Oliveira Jr.

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2171–2181, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.210

• treatment for determining biomarkers in real samples. In this paper, we report an immunomagnetic nanoparticle-based microfluidic sensor (INμ-SPCE) for the amperometric detection of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) biomarker, the data of which were treated with information visualization methods. The INμ

• ]. PSA and interleukin 6 (IL-6) were measured with a microfluidic electrochemical immunoassay system, in which commercial magnetic particles were conjugated with secondary antibodies and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) [26]. These immunomagnetic nanoparticle-based microfluidic sensors with screen-printed

BergaCare SmartLipids: commercial lipophilic active concentrates for improved performance of dermal products

• Florence Olechowski,
• Rainer H. Müller and
• Sung Min Pyo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2152–2162, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.208

• . Incorporating a nanoparticle material needs to be declared in the INCI nomenclature by the addition of “nano”. A typical mean size of SmartLipids particles is in the range of 200–400 nm, measured by laser light scattering, i.e., photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS). The calculated size is based on the

• nanoparticle history started in 1991 with SLNs, the second generation of NLCs entered the cosmetic market just 14 years later in 2005, much faster than the liposomes did (they needed about 20 years from invention to cosmetic market in 1986). With the “SmartLipids concept” a mature industrial delivery system is

• room temperature (25°C, lower), [10]. Left: Nile red-labeled lipid nanoparticle suspension (right arm) and nanoemulsion (left arm) applied to human forearm directly after application. Right: Both arms after washing under flowing water with rubbing. The lipid nanoparticles are highly adhesive and mostly

Nitrogen-vacancy centers in diamond for nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging applications

• Alberto Boretti,
• Lorenzo Rosa,
• Jonathan Blackledge and
• Stefania Castelletto

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2128–2151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.207

• the presence of NDs in the solution permits the enhancement of the 1H MRI signal that is readily dependent on the ND concentration. NDs are a source of polarized electron spins attributed mostly to a P1 center (nitrogen substitutional) and unpaired electrons at the nanoparticle surface, which are

• , produced by the bacteria placed on the diamond surface, were rapidly reconstructed. These nanoparticle magnetic field maps were correlated with optical images together in the same apparatus. This result provided a new capability for imaging bio-magnetic structures in living cells under room-temperature

• shown that in the NV-SPION system, the NV spin relaxation time is reduced, while the T2 coherence dephasing time stays the same. By configuring the applied AC magnetic fields, the NV electron spin Rabi oscillation rate decreased, due to a resultant superparamagnetic nanoparticle magnetization at the NV

Microbubbles decorated with dendronized magnetic nanoparticles for biomedical imaging: effective stabilization via fluorous interactions

• Da Shi,
• Justine Wallyn,
• Dinh-Vu Nguyen,
• Francis Perton,
• Delphine Felder-Flesch,
• Sylvie Bégin-Colin,
• Mounir Maaloum and
• Marie Pierre Krafft

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2103–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.205

• @C2X5OEG8Den (X = F or H) was ≈37 nm, which is significantly larger than the mean diameter of the oleic-acid-covered IONPs (≈10 nm, Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). This can be ascribed to the fact that a corona of OEG chains is now present around the nanoparticle and captures molecules of water

• min−1. After cooling, a black suspension was collected and precipitated by addition of acetone. Finally, the nanoparticles were washed three times with a mixture of CHCl3/acetone (1:4). In a 30 mL vial, a nanoparticle suspension in tetrahydrofuran (THF) (5 mg of iron) was introduced together with the

Incorporation of doxorubicin in different polymer nanoparticles and their anticancer activity

• Sebastian Pieper,
• Hannah Onafuye,
• Dennis Mulac,
• Jindrich Cinatl Jr.,
• Mark N. Wass,
• Martin Michaelis and
• Klaus Langer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2062–2072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.201

• solvent displacement and emulsion diffusion approaches and assessed their anticancer efficiency in neuroblastoma cells, including ABCB1-expressing cell lines, in comparison to doxorubicin solution. Results: The resulting nanoparticles covered a size range between 73 and 246 nm. PLGA-PEG nanoparticle

• preparation by solvent displacement led to the smallest nanoparticles. In PLGA nanoparticles, the drug load could be optimised using solvent displacement at pH 7 reaching 53 µg doxorubicin/mg nanoparticle. These PLGA nanoparticles displayed sustained doxorubicin release kinetics compared to the more burst

• strongest anticancer effects. However, nanoparticle-encapsulated doxorubicin did not display increased efficacy in ABCB1-expressing cells relative to doxorubicin solution. Conclusion: Doxorubicin-loaded nanoparticles made by different methods from different materials displayed substantial discrepancies in

Optimization and performance of nitrogen-doped carbon dots as a color conversion layer for white-LED applications

• Tugrul Guner,
• Hurriyet Yuce,
• Didem Tascioglu,
• Eren Simsek,
• Umut Savaci,
• Aziz Genc,
• Servet Turan and
• Mustafa M. Demir

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2004–2013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.197

• nanoparticles instead of power spectra, which show diffraction spots generated by only one plane. Figure 2c shows the HRTEM micrograph of a ≈10 nm diameter nanoparticle. This nanoparticle is identified as being composed of a graphite phase based on the observation of the 0.34 nm lattice spacing values

• nanoparticle (Figure 2d) and a ≈11 nm nanoparticle (Figure 2e) reveal the same lattice spacing of 0.24 nm for both nanoparticles. The HRTEM micrograph obtained from an elongated nanoparticle with a volume of 4 × 9 nm2 is shown in Figure 2f, revealing the presence of 0.34 nm lattice fringes corresponding to the

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• limited coalescence. Au-CPMV assemblies were freely suspended; no aggregation was observed by nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) or dynamic light scattering (DLS). The successful coating of CPMV particles with gold was confirmed by TEM (Figure 1). Nearly spherical NPs were observed the average diameters

• measurements. The reference beam had an intensity within 2000 and 3500 kcps. Zeta potential values were reported as an average of three measurements from each sample. Nanoparticle tracking analysis Hydrodynamic diameters of the nanoparticles and their concentration (particle numbers) were measured by

• nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA) using a NanoSight LM10 with a laser module LM14 set at a wavelength of 532 nm, NTA 2.3 build 0033 analytical software (Malvern Instruments Ltd, Malvern) and a high-sensitivity sCMOS camera. Particles were suspended in PBS buffer pH 7.4. The samples were injected in the

Porous silver-coated pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel nanocapsules

• William W. Bryan,
• Riddhiman Medhi,
• Maria D. Marquez,
• Supparesk Rittikulsittichai,
• Michael Tran and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1973–1982, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.194

• describes the preparation and characterization of a new type of core–shell nanoparticle in which the structure consists of a hydrogel core encapsulated within a porous silver shell. The thermo-responsive hydrogel cores were prepared by surfactant-free emulsion polymerization of a selected mixture of N

• nanoparticle distribution, we can conclude that there is a soft hydrogel polymer core onto which the gold seeds are attached. Furthermore, these results are consistent with SEM measurements. Thermo-responsive behavior of the pNIPAM-co-AAc hydrogel cores. The swelling and collapsing behavior of hydrogels is

Magnetic properties of biofunctionalized iron oxide nanoparticles as magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents

• Natalia E. Gervits,
• Andrey A. Gippius,
• Alexey V. Tkachev,
• Evgeniy I. Demikhov,
• Sergey S. Starchikov,
• Igor S. Lyubutin,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Vladimir P. Chekhonin,
• Maxim A. Abakumov,
• Alevtina S. Semkina and
• Alexander G. Mazhuga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1964–1972, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.193

• , respectively. However, small single-domain MNPs with a diameter of less than 10 nm are highly sensitive to thermal energy. Even room temperature is sufficient to destabilize the magnetic moment of the entire nanoparticle and transfer it to a paramagnetic state. The 57Fe Mössbauer spectra of iron oxide

• ) was added to the nanoparticle suspension. Then, 920 μL of glutaraldehyde was added and the mixture was incubated for 15 min with constant stirring. After that, the reaction was stopped by adding a glycine solution in water (3 M, 1 mL, pH 9.2), followed by stirring for 1 h. Finally, a NaBH4 solution in