Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• nanotubes, graphene, metal oxides, quantum dots, and MXenes are among the most extensively studied and explored nanomaterials. These materials have been researched in nearly every discipline, leading to the establishment of numerous startups and companies focused on their production, processing, and

• , though nanomaterials research has made impressive scientific advances, its translation into mass-market products remains partial. Therefore, it raises a vital and valid question: Why are heavily researched nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, metal oxides, quantum dots, and MXenes still so

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• nanotubes, and carbon dots, have attracted considerable interest as nanocarriers for drug delivery due to their unique physicochemical properties. Their high surface area, biocompatibility, and modifiable surface chemistry make them highly attractive for a range of biomedical applications. However, concerns

• standardisation, and interdisciplinary collaboration. An overview of key production challenges is provided in Table 1. The lack of standardised methods for the synthesis and characterisation of CNMs is a major challenge in the field of nanotechnology. CNMs, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, have unique

• main issues is the wide variety of methods that can be used to synthesise CNMs, which can lead to variations in their properties and performance. For example, carbon nanotubes can be synthesised using arc discharge, laser ablation, and chemical vapour deposition, among others [30]. Each method can

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• femtosecond laser ablation of ZnSe powder in water. The transformation to nanowires, which were 100–300 nm in diameter and 50 μm long, was observed during ageing for a week. Furthermore, the authors applied air bubbling through the solution to induce change of nanowires into hollow nanotubes, which is

Current status of using adsorbent nanomaterials for removing microplastics from water supply systems: a mini review

• Nguyen Thi Nhan and
• Tran Le Luu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1837–1850, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.127

• reaction pathways of these materials. Classification and potential of adsorbent nanomaterials Carbon-based adsorbents. Carbon-based adsorbents, such as graphene oxide (GO), activated carbon, biochar, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), have been extensively investigated regarding the treatment of pollutants in

Further insights into the thermodynamics of linear carbon chains for temperatures ranging from 13 to 300 K

• Alexandre Rocha Paschoal,
• Thiago Alves de Moura,
• Juan S. Rodríguez-Hernández,
• Carlos William de Araujo Paschoal,
• Yoong Ahm Kim,
• Morinobu Endo and
• Paulo T. Araujo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1818–1825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.125

• nanotubes (LCC@DWCNT and LCC@MWCNT, respectively) behave as Debye’s materials for temperatures as high as 293 K with an estimate that such materials could still withstand such characteristics for even higher temperatures (≈700 K). Using the Debye model, thermodynamic observables (internal energy

• unchanged. Our measurements were performed in both isolated and small bundles of LCC@MWCNT, which allowed us to demonstrate that small bundles or isolated environments do not seem to influence the vibrational and thermodynamic properties measured. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; Debye model; Grüneisen

• the largest mechanical resistances among materials (including other carbon allotropic versions like graphene or nanotubes) [29][43][44][45][46][47][48][49], in addition to presenting unique conductive properties that place them ahead as ideal candidates for future developments in nanoelectronics [43

Advances of aptamers in esophageal cancer diagnosis, treatment and drug delivery

• Yang Fei,
• Hui Xu,
• Chunwei Zhang,
• Jingjing Wang and
• Yong Jin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1734–1750, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.121

• structural modification. [26]. Aptamer-based biosensors [27] fully utilize these characteristics by combining various signal amplification techniques and nanomaterials (such as metal nanoparticles, quantum dots, silica nanoparticles, and carbon nanotubes), enabling highly sensitive detection of biomarkers

Nanotechnology-based approaches for the removal of microplastics from wastewater: a comprehensive review

• Nayanathara O Sanjeev,
• Manjunath Singanodi Vallabha and
• Rebekah Rubidha Lisha Rabi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1607–1632, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.114

• contaminated with MPs. Meanwhile, a higher cost of these adsorbents limit their use for the removal of MPs [82]. Research is actively exploring alternative adsorbents, with a particular focus on nanomaterial-based options. Among these, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanoscale metals, nanocomposites, and metal oxides

Transient electronics for sustainability: Emerging technologies and future directions

• Jae-Young Bae,
• Myung-Kyun Choi and
• Seung-Kyun Kang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1545–1556, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.109

• bioresorbable materials, advanced materials such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) [95] and two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (e.g., MoS2) [96] are being re-examined from a new perspective, with growing interest in their potential biodegradability. The rediscovery and reassessment of such established

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• number of approaches have been adopted to the formation of semiconducting nanowires and hybrid nanostructures by PLAL, including one-dimensional nanowires, nanotubes, and nanoribbons, as well as two-dimensional nanosheets and nanobelts [13][20][21]. Exemplary applications of laser ablation techniques for

Dendrimer-modified carbon nanotubes for the removal and recovery of heavy metal ions from water

• Thao Quynh Ngan Tran,
• Huu Trung Nguyen,
• Subodh Kumar and
• Xuan Thang Cao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1522–1532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.107

• Abstract Effective removal of trace heavy metal ions from aqueous bodies is a pressing problem and requires significant improvement in the area of absorbent material in terms of removal efficiency and sustainability. We propose an efficient strategy to enhance the adsorption efficiency of carbon nanotubes

• involvement of harmful chemicals to pre-functionalize the CNTs with high loading but also provided an effective way to enhance the adsorption of heavy metal ions. Keywords: carbon nanotubes; deep eutectic solvent; dendrimers; Diels–Alder reaction; heavy metal ion adsorption; Introduction The contamination

• dendrimers on a solid support can also improve the dispersibility, accessibility of binding sites, chemical recyclability, and mechanical stability [16][17]. In fact, dendrimers have been supported by various nanomaterials such as silica, graphene oxide, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs), broadening their

Nanomaterials for biomedical applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Filippo Pierini,
• Seda Kizilel and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1499–1503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.105

• ]. Polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, and carbon-based structures such as carbon nanotubes are very promising when it comes to delivering drugs and genes to certain parts of the body [3]. Conversely, metallic nanoparticles such as gold and iron oxide, and fluorescent quantum dots have applications in

• their controlled release. They are also being investigated as gene delivery agents since they can transport DNA or RNA, making them a potential candidate for therapies such as gene therapy and RNA-based vaccines [11]. Furthermore, carbon nanotubes have revealed promising results in targeted delivery

• . Drugs or genetic material can be carried by these cylindrical nanoparticles and directed towards specific cells through external stimuli such as a magnetic field or light [12]. A new nanoscale drug delivery system has been developed by using carbon nanotubes and a carbon nanotube–graphene hybrid to more

Laser processing in liquids: insights into nanocolloid generation and thin film integration for energy, photonic, and sensing applications

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Pooja Raveendran Nair,
• Jithin Kundalam Kadavath,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• M. R. Anantharaman and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1428–1498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.104

Parylene-coated platinum nanowire electrodes for biomolecular sensing applications

• Chao Liu,
• Peker Milas,
• Michael G. Spencer and
• Birol Ozturk

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1392–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.101

• portable and reliable devices [6]. Contemporary nanoscale biosensors are engineered for diverse applications, employing a variety of materials and design architectures to optimize performance and functionality. For example, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are categorized as either single-walled or multiwalled

Synthesis and antibacterial properties of nanosilver-modified cellulose triacetate membranes for seawater desalination

• Lei Wang,
• Shizhe Li,
• Kexin Xu,
• Wenjun Li,
• Ying Li and
• Gang Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.100

• photocatalytic properties of TiO2, which generate ROS that degrade bacterial membranes [23]. Yang and Wang’s group introduced carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into a mixed cellulose esters (MCE) membrane to create a robust porous bi-layered photothermal membrane (CNT@PEI/MCE) for efficient solar-driven interfacial water

Deep-learning recognition and tracking of individual nanotubes in low-contrast microscopy videos

• Vladimir Pimonov,
• Said Tahir and
• Vincent Jourdain

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1316–1324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.96

• Vladimir Pimonov Said Tahir Vincent Jourdain Laboratoire Charles Coulomb, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, Montpellier, France 10.3762/bjnano.16.96 Abstract This study addresses the challenge of analyzing the growth kinetics of carbon nanotubes using in situ homodyne polarization microscopy (HPM) by

• developing an automated deep learning (DL) approach. A Mask-RCNN architecture, enhanced with a ResNet-FPN backbone, was employed to recognize and track individual nanotubes in microscopy videos, significantly improving the efficiency and reproducibility of kinetic data extraction. The method involves a

• can be adapted for other types of in situ microscopy studies, emphasizing the importance of automation in high-throughput data acquisition for research on individual nano-objects. Keywords: carbon nanotubes growth kinetics; deep learning; in situ microscopy; object recognition and tracking

Hydrogels and nanogels: effectiveness in dermal applications

• Jéssica da Cruz Ludwig,
• Diana Fortkamp Grigoletto,
• Daniele Fernanda Renzi,
• Wolf-Rainer Abraham,
• Daniel de Paula and
• Najeh Maissar Khalil

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1216–1233, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.90

• phenytoin showed drug release improvement, skin adherence, and increased content of both collagen fibers and fibroblasts in the wound tissue during the healing process in rats [40]. Liang et al., (2019) developed hydrogels composed of gelatin-grafted dopamine/chitosan/polydopamine-coated carbon nanotubes

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• Information Technology, Allahabad, UP-211015, India 10.3762/bjnano.16.87 Abstract Zinc sulfide nanotubes have garnered significant attention as potential candidates for chemical sensing applications owing to their exceptional structural, electronic, and optical properties. In this study, we employed density

• spectra and optical conductivity peaks, highlight the potential of ZnS NT for designing sensitive and reusable CP gas sensors. Keywords: chemical sensor; chloropicrin (CP); density functional theory; zinc sulfide nanotubes (ZnS NTs); Introduction Chloropicrin (CP), also known as trichloronitromethane

• their bulk counterparts [9][10][11][12][13][14]. Zinc sulfide (ZnS) attracts considerable attention among various nanomaterials due to its unique properties. Nanostructured ZnS with different morphologies, including nanotubes, nanowires, nanoparticles, and nanosheets has been extensively investigated

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• detected after synthesis in ethanol [77]. Recently, Su et al. showed amorphization of wet-chemically synthesized crystalline FeNi NPs encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanotubes by re-irradiating the samples with a pulsed laser beam [78]. In brief, amorphous alloy NPs by laser-based synthesis techniques are

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

• organic nanosystems, including nanotubes, nanowires, and nanoribbons. Mishra, Nayak, and colleagues conducted a comprehensive analysis of the effects of surface pressure on the molecular organization of a monolayer of heterocoronene-based discotic liquid crystals (Figure 3) [227]. The molecules were

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• , Masiarska 74 St., 04001 Košice, Slovakia Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Attica, 250 Thivon & P. Ralli, Egaleo 12241, Athens, Greece 10.3762/bjnano.16.76 Abstract Recent advances in nanocomposite technology, particularly the incorporation of carbon nanotubes, have shown promise in

• enhancing the properties of biodegradable polymers. This study investigated the effect of a 0.5 wt % addition of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on the properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) (BioPBS) using a masterbatch-based melt compounding method. The incorporation of MWCNTs enhanced the

• mechanical strength and stiffness, improved the tribological properties by reducing friction, and increased the crystallization temperature. However, it also resulted in a decrease in elasticity. Morphological analysis confirmed the uniform dispersion of the nanotubes. These findings underscore the potential

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• NCs of iron oxide and graphene through the MW route. For example, Kumar et al. demonstrated the MW-assisted rapid synthesis of a ternary NC based on rGO, carbon nanotubes, and Fe3O4 NPs, using ferrocene as the Fe-containing precursor [15]. The NC exhibited its potential to be used for EMI shielding

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• dependence for highly oriented pyrolytic graphite [51], and is similar to the dependence for a film of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes [52]. In layered graphite, there is a separation of electron orbitals with respect to symmetry: σ orbitals lie in the basal plane of graphite, while π orbitals are

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• carbon nanotubes and attributed the enhanced biocompatibility with respect to A549 cells to the antioxidant properties inherent to TA [36]. FLG–TA promotes cellular adhesion Previous results indicated that TA molecules adsorb onto the graphene surface in the FLG–TA composite. These molecules maintain

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• . developed a micro–nanofiber dressing by electrospinning a blend of SF, chitosan, and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) loaded with the antibacterial agent chlorhexidine digluconate (CHD). The addition of HNTs considerably altered the nanofiber structure, and increased the material’s thermal stability and

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• synthesis; liquefied petroleum gas (LPG); nanomaterial synthesis; Introduction Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs) have gained significant interest because of their distinctive properties and their wide range of applications in nanotechnology [1][2][3]. CNTs are a modified version of CNFs