Modulated critical currents of spin-transfer torque-induced resistance changes in NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowires

• Mengqi Fu,
• Roman Hartmann,
• Julian Braun,
• Sergej Andreev,
• Torsten Pietsch and
• Elke Scheer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 360–366, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.32

• vertically patterned magnetic nanowires on a Si substrate. With this approach we fabricated three-dimensional nanowire-based spin valve devices without the need of complex etching processes or additional spacer coating. Through this method, we successfully obtained NiCu/Cu multilayered nanowire arrays with a

• oscillatory manner by the magnetic field in the nanowire-based devices. We present a toy model to qualitatively explain these observations. Keywords: AAO template; critical current; multilayered magnetic nanowires; spin-transfer torque; three-dimensional devices; Introduction Spin-transfer torque (STT) has

• been utilized as an effective tool in fundamental studies [1][2] as well as advanced technologies [2][3][4][5][6] to quickly change the magnetization in nanoscopic magnetic systems [2][5][7]. Among manifold material synthesis strategies, high-aspect-ratio multilayered nanowire arrays based on anodic

Design, fabrication, and characterization of kinetic-inductive force sensors for scanning probe applications

• August K. Roos,
• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• Erik Holmgren and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 242–255, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.23

• microscopy based on electromechanical coupling due to a strain-dependent kinetic inductance of a superconducting nanowire. The force sensor is a bending triangular plate (cantilever) whose deflection is measured via a shift in the resonant frequency of a high-Q superconducting microwave resonator at 4.5 GHz

• ][7]. We recently introduced such a sensor based on the electromechanical coupling between surface strain and kinetic inductance of a superconducting nanowire [8]. In this paper, we describe in detail the fabrication and characterization methods of these kinetic inductive mechano-electric coupling

• thicker silicon (Si) support, as shown in Figure 1a and Figure 1g. Figure 1a shows the microwave resonant circuit with its interdigital capacitor in series with the nanowire inductor. The meandering nanowire is placed at the base of the cantilever as shown in Figure 1c, in the area of largest strain

In situ optical sub-wavelength thickness control of porous anodic aluminum oxide

• Aleksandrs Dutovs,
• Raimonds Popļausks,
• Oskars Putāns,
• Vladislavs Perkanuks,
• Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė,
• Tomas Tamulevičius,
• Uldis Malinovskis,
• Iryna Olyshevets,
• Donats Erts and
• Juris Prikulis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 126–133, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.12

• of templates, including evaporation masks [8][9][10], molds for nanowire array production using the supercritical fluid method [11], electrochemical deposition [12], atomic layer deposition [13], or traps for colloidal nanoparticle assembly [14]. Several applications, for example, color filtering [15

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• , Riga, Latvia 10.3762/bjnano.14.54 Abstract Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was applied for studying copper oxide (CuO) nanowire networks assembled between metallic microelectrodes by dielectrophoresis. The influence of relative humidity (RH) on electrical characteristics of the CuO nanowire

• chemisorption and physisorption at the nanowire interface, which suppress electronic transport inside the p-type semiconductor nanowire but enhance ionic transport in the water layers adsorbed on the nanowire surface. Possible physicochemical processes at the nanowire surface are discussed in line with

• equivalent circuit parameters obtained by fitting impedance spectra. The new investigation data can be useful to predict the behavior of nanostructured CuO in humid environments, which is favorable for advancing technology of nanowire-based systems suitable for sensor applications. Keywords: CuO

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• Alexander N. Robillard Graham W. Gibson Ralf Meyer Bharti School of Engineering and Computer Science, Laurentian University, Sudbury P3E 2C6, Canada 10.3762/bjnano.14.49 Abstract The thermal conductance of nanowires is an oft-explored quantity, but its dependence on the nanowire shape is not

• Fourier model. Keywords: ballistic transport; kinked nanowire; molecular dynamics; phonon Monte Carlo; thermal transport; Introduction The thermal conductivity of semiconductor nanostructures is of great interest because of potential applications in a wide variety of fields, such as thermal control

• angling of the wire should result in reduced quantities of unrestricted ballistic transport. Gradually increasing the angle effectively reduces the quantity of unobstructed line of sight (LoS) paths from one end of a nanowire to the other. We use molecular dynamics (MD) [25] to study an atomistic approach

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• nanowire and the corresponding chemical structure are also shown. In this attempt, phenylene–ethynylene nanowires with alternating polymerization of phenylene and tetrafluorophenylene have been successfully synthesized while simultaneously imaging the molecules. Sonogashira reactions at the surface are

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

Upper critical magnetic field in NbRe and NbReN micrometric strips

• Zahra Makhdoumi Kakhaki,
• Antonio Leo,
• Federico Chianese,
• Loredana Parlato,
• Giovanni Piero Pepe,
• Angela Nigro,
• Carla Cirillo and
• Carmine Attanasio

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 45–51, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.5

• candidates for the realization of fast superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) [1][2][3][4]. Apart from the reduced values of the superconducting gap and short quasi-particle relaxation times [5], the property that makes these materials appropriate to be used as SNSPDs is the high value of

Gap-directed chemical lift-off lithographic nanoarchitectonics for arbitrary sub-micrometer patterning

• Chang-Ming Wang,
• Hong-Sheng Chan,
• Chia-Li Liao,
• Che-Wei Chang and
• Wei-Ssu Liao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 34–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.4

• cause lithographic limitation, the structural gaps generated at the stamp–substrate interface during the contacting stage can provide another opportunity to create minute geometries. For example, nanochannels with height on the order of 10 nm and millimeters in length can be created when a nanowire is

Studies of probe tip materials by atomic force microscopy: a review

• Ke Xu and
• Yuzhe Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1256–1267, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.104

• response mechanism was further explored to construct a highly selective and sensitive silver-doped gold-based bimetallic nanocluster fluorescent probe. Metal nanowire probe Nanowires have become a hot research topic as high aspect ratio structures [28][29][30]. In addition to their plain geometry, the

• robustness and durability of nanowire scanning probes are also crucial. Due to their unique properties in electrical, magnetic, and optical research fields [31][32][33], metal nanowires have been prepared by various methods and applied in various fields by domestic and foreign scholars in recent years. Tay

• et al. [34] developed a technique based on field emission-induced growth by growing a single metal nanowire at the AFM tip and forming vertically aligned nanowire probes on AFM cantilever beams of different types and force constants. This type of probe has properties such as a high aspect ratio and

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• . However, after the solid–liquid contact, the research on the principle of the selective interaction of ions at the solid interface is still not comprehensive and systematic. And more experimental work is needed to complement and prove it. In 2014, Zhu et al. fabricated a nanowire fluorinated ethylene

• without modification. The high surface area from the nanowire arrays perpendicular to the surface plays an important role in increasing the output power. MEG devices based on polyethylene derivatives have been prepared using a variety of methods to obtain nanoscale networks with high porosity, including

• . 105630, Copyright Elsevier (2021). This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (f) SEM image of high porosity TiO2 nanowire network. Figure 4f was reproduced from [54], Shen, D. et al., “Self-Powered Wearable Electronics Based on Moisture Enabled Electricity Generation”, Adv. Mater., with permission from

Effects of focused electron beam irradiation parameters on direct nanostructure formation on Ag surfaces

• Jānis Sniķeris,
• Vjačeslavs Gerbreders,
• Andrejs Bulanovs and
• Ēriks Sļedevskis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1004–1010, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.87

• material greatly affects the growth rate of the nanowires, with the Cu surface providing the fastest growth. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) revealed the presence of both carbon and substrate materials in the nanowires. The effect of substrate material on nanowire growth rate could be attributed

Efficient liquid exfoliation of KP₁₅ nanowires aided by Hansen's empirical theory

• Zhaoxuan Huang,
• Zhikang Jiang,
• Nan Tian,
• Disheng Yao,
• Fei Long,
• Yanhan Yang and
• Danmin Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 788–795, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.69

• previous study, with thickness reduction of the KP15 nanowires, a surface-state luminescence at 693 nm gradually dominates in the KP15 nanowire [14]. This could affect light absorption properties of KP15 due to its decreased size. To avoid the generation of concentration error caused by the absorbance

• after liquid exfoliation. (e) Width histograms of KP15 nanowires after liquid exfoliation. Sizes of exfoliated KP15 nanowires. (a) Cross section of the KP15 nanowire marked in the upper right corner inset image. (b) Cross section of the KP15 nanowire marked in the upper right corner inset image. (c

• ) Cross section of the KP15 nanowire marked in the upper right corner inset image. (d) Cross section of the KP15 nanowire marked in the upper right corner inset image. Hansen parameters for the solvents [21]. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 10: Strong temperature-dependent Raman

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• milli-Q water to the freshly prepared Ag nanowire solution [55]. A higher photocatalytic activity was shown for the Ag–ZnO core–shell particles compared to ZnO alone under solar light irradiation. SERS applications of ZnO-based nanostructures SERS is a powerful technique with promising applications for

A chemiresistive sensor array based on polyaniline nanocomposites and machine learning classification

• Jiri Kroutil,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Ali Ahmad,
• Jan Voves,
• Vojtech Povolny,
• Ladislav Klimsa,
• Marina Davydova and
• Miroslav Husak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 411–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.34

• will be used to predict the probabilistic prediction: SEM micrographs of deposited layers on an interdigital transducer structure: (a) PANI/ZnO, (b) PANI/WO3 (nanopowder), (c) PANI/WO3 (nanowire), (d) PANI/In2O3, (e) PANI/C60, (f) PANI/NCD, (g) PANI/BaTiO3, and (h) pristine PANI. The Raman spectra of

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• . Electrode materials include diamond, SiC, Si, and Ge. Table 3 summarizes nanowire materials commonly used for NEM switches. The research on NWs-NEM switches can be classified into two types, namely manufacturing techniques and in situ techniques. In the former, the switches are first processed by top-down

• et al. [8] made a CuO NWs switch, 3 µm long, 80 nm in diameter, and 120 nm in the gap, with a pull-in voltage of 12.5 V. Feng et al. [40] prepared SiC nanowire NEM switches using bottom-up techniques. The pull-in voltage ranges from one to several volts and the response time is below microseconds

• for resonance detection of a GeSn alloy. Meija et al. [42] proposed the technique of using resonance aid to reduce the pull-in voltage of Ge0.91Sn0.09 NWs. By applying 610.8 kHz and 0.45 V AC voltage to a GeSn alloy nanowire, the pull-in voltage can be reduced from 13.8 to 5 V. This method can

Plasma modes in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 292–297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.24

• elsewhere. The system of two capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires. Time-dependent phase configurations describing a QPS event at t = 0 (red) and t > 0 (blue) together with propagating voltage pulses generated by this QPS event in a single superconducting nanowire. The same as in Figure 1 in the

Impact of device design on the electronic and optoelectronic properties of integrated Ru-terpyridine complexes

• Max Mennicken,
• Sophia Katharina Peter,
• Corinna Kaulen,
• Ulrich Simon and
• Silvia Karthäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 219–229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.16

• conductance value characteristic for long supramolecular wires. These nanowire devices are compared to well-accessible devices based on a few Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP building blocks with a diameter of 12.9 ± 1.6 nm immobilized between nanoelectrode pairs with gap sizes of 20 to 50 nm. Here, the redox-active Ru(MPTP)2

• -complexes form the ligand shell of the AuNPs. In these devices two to four Ru(MPTP)2–AuNP building blocks are needed to bridge the gap between the nanoelectrodes. The AuNP devices have been characterized in the same manner as the nanowire devices. The thus determined conductance values are 12.8, 16.3, and

• 28.9 pS. These values are higher, by roughly a factor of ten, than the conductance values obtained for nanowire devices, but three orders of magnitude lower than conductance values obtained for single-AuNP devices, which are typically around 14 ± 3 nS, as reported in [15]. Representative conductance

Topographic signatures and manipulations of Fe atoms, CO molecules and NaCl islands on superconducting Pb(111)

• Carl Drechsel,
• Philipp D’Astolfo,
• Jung-Ching Liu,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Rémy Pawlak and
• Ernst Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1–9, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.1

• realization of MZMs in two dimensions has been also observed in vortex cores on a proximitized topological insulator surface [19][20], in iron-based superconductors [7][21][22] or hybrid van der Waals heterostructures [23]. The fingerprint for MZMs in conductance measurements through the nanowire or in

Chemical vapor deposition of germanium-rich CrGe_x nanowires

• Vladislav Dřínek,
• Stanislav Tiagulskyi,
• Roman Yatskiv,
• Jan Grym,
• Radek Fajgar,
• Věra Jandová,
• Martin Koštejn and
• Jaroslav Kupčík

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1365–1371, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.100

• . The nanowires possessed a complex structure, namely a thin crystalline germanium core and amorphous CrGex coating. The composition of the nanowire coating was [Cr]/[Ge] = 1:(6–7). The resistance of the nanowire–deposit system was estimated to be 2.7 kΩ·cm using an unique vacuum contacting system

• . Keywords: chemical vapor deposition; chromium germanide; nanostructured materials; nanowire; resistivity; Introduction Metal silicides and germanides belong to an extensively studied group of materials offering a wide variety of properties to meet various requirements in battery, optical, and electronic

• , nanowires grew in a tapering manner (Figure 1b and Supporting Information File 1, Figure S2). Linear EDX analysis (Figure 2) and elemental mapping (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3) of a single nanowire showed that it was composed of Cr, Ge, O (from an oxidized surface) and C (a standard impurity in

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• an electric eel, called nanoeel. It has a smart flexible tail, made of polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer, connected to the head of a polypyrrole nanowire. The head is decorated with a nickel ring for magnetic actuation. When an alternating magnetic field is applied, the magnetic head module (nickel

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• operating frequency range. Targeted treatment and controlled drug delivery with MNRs have been achieved [74][75]. For locomotion and drug delivery, the same external power sources should be chosen, if possible. Chen et al. [76] proposed a hybrid magnetoelectric nanowire for MNR applications, which could use

• materials. In the presence of an external magnetic field, a piezoresponse force microscope (PFM) could be used to directly probe the ferroelectricity and magnetoelectricity of this nanowire. Experiments were carried out in a specially designed setup with three pairs of orthogonal electromagnetic coils to

Nanogenerator-based self-powered sensors for data collection

• Yicheng Shao,
• Maoliang Shen,
• Yuankai Zhou,
• Xin Cui,
• Lijie Li and
• Yan Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 680–693, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.54

• . Lee et al. proposed a based Hg2+ ion sensor based on ZnO nanowires and carbon nanotubes for detecting toxic pollutants [17]. The ZnO nanowire (NW) array acted as power source. When Hg2+ ions were detected, the system powered a light-emitting diode (LED). Li et al. designed a self-powered heavy metal

• to the test gas. The sensitivity of above ZnO-based self-powered sensor is 127.3% under 1000 ppm H2S. The piezoelectric output of sensor decreased with increase of the concentration of the tested gas, as shown in Figure 5e. In 2016, a self-powered gas sensor based on a NiO/ZnO heterojunction nanowire

• flexible nanogenerator as self-powered sensor for transportation monitoring“, pages no. 75–81, Copyright (2012), with permission from Elsevier. Figure 1f was republished from [18] (X. Xue et al., “Surface free-carrier screening effect on the output of a ZnO nanowire nanogenerator and its potential as a

A review of defect engineering, ion implantation, and nanofabrication using the helium ion microscope

• Frances I. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 633–664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.52

• into the YBCO thin film and thus be used to define precise sample geometries, without material removal. For example, high-dose irradiation over larger areas leaving a narrow gap in between has been used to define YBCO nanowires, which were then line-irradiated at lower dose to form nanowire-based

• membrane targets by ion implantation. Ion-induced mass transport In one example of a morphological change attributed to ion-induced mass transport, segments of a free-standing GaAs nanowire of 100 nm diameter were irradiated locally with 30 keV helium ions at relatively low dose resulting in local thinning

• the beam energy and current, the growth of single-crystal nanowires was also shown. This is reminiscent of nanowire growth by the vapor–solid–liquid mechanism, except here the process was performed at room temperature and without the flow of a gaseous precursor. In the HIM case it was proposed that