Relation between thickness, crystallite size and magnetoresistance of nanostructured La_1−xSr_xMn_yO_3±δ films for magnetic field sensors

• Rasuole Lukose,
• Valentina Plausinaitiene,
• Milita Vagner,
• Nerija Zurauskiene,
• Skirmantas Kersulis,
• Virgaudas Kubilius,
• Karolis Motiejuitis,
• Birute Knasiene,
• Voitech Stankevic,
• Zita Saltyte,
• Martynas Skapas,
• Algirdas Selskis and
• Evaldas Naujalis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 256–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.24

• % nitric acid. For the electric transport and magnetoresistance measurements, the Ag contacts with a Cr sublayer were thermally deposited and postannealed at 450 °C for 1 h in Ar atmosphere. The magnetoresistance (MR) measurements were performed under a permanent magnetic field up to 0.7 T using an

pH-mediated control over the mesostructure of ordered mesoporous materials templated by polyion complex micelles

• Emilie Molina,
• Mélody Mathonnat,
• Jason Richard,
• Patrick Lacroix-Desmazes,
• Martin In,
• Philippe Dieudonné,
• Thomas Cacciaguerra,
• Corine Gérardin and
• Nathalie Marcotte

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.14

• ), tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), nitric acid (HNO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were purchased from Aldrich and used as received. Chemical composition of the oligochitosan A detailed characterization of the commercial oligochitosan (OC) was undertaken in order to determine the chemical composition of the repetitive unit

Wet chemistry route for the decoration of carbon nanotubes with iron oxide nanoparticles for gas sensing

• Hussam M. Elnabawy,
• Juan Casanova-Chafer,
• Badawi Anis,
• Mostafa Fedawy,
• Mattia Scardamaglia,
• Carla Bittencourt,
• Ahmed S. G. Khalil,
• Eduard Llobet and
• Xavier Vilanova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 105–118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.10

• as well as the effect of ambient humidity. Experimental Materials All materials and reagents used (listed below) were of analytical grade and were used as received. COOH functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs), Nanocyl (C purity higher than 95%) Nitric acid, Scharlau (HNO3 68–70

Co-intercalated layered double hydroxides as thermal and photo-oxidation stabilizers for polypropylene

• Qian Zhang,
• Qiyu Gu,
• Fabrice Leroux,
• Pinggui Tang,
• Dianqing Li and
• Yongjun Feng

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2980–2988, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.277

• elements (Ca and Al) was carried out on a Shimadzu ICPS-7500 inductively coupled plasma (ICP) atomic emission spectrometer. About 30 mg of the samples was dissolved in a few drops of concentrated nitric acid (65%) and diluted to 10 mL using water. CHN elemental analysis was carried out on a Vario EL III

Comparative biological effects of spherical noble metal nanoparticles (Rh, Pd, Ag, Pt, Au) with 4–8 nm diameter

• Alexander Rostek,
• Marina Breisch,
• Kevin Pappert,
• Kateryna Loza,
• Marc Heggen,
• Manfred Köller,
• Christina Sengstock and
• Matthias Epple

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2763–2774, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.258

• tube furnace according to DIN EN ISO/IEC 17025:2005) after dissolving the particles in aqua regia (Rh, Pd, Pt, Au) and nitric acid (Ag), respectively. Analytical disc centrifugation (differential centrifugal sedimentation; DCS) was performed with a CPS Instruments DC 24000 disc centrifuge (24,000 rpm

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• nm was deposited onto the 2.5 × 2.5 cm glass slides using magnetron sputtering. The chemical oxidation of silver was performed by vapors of 63% nitric acid. Then, the partially oxidized film was chemically reduced in an excess of sodium borohydride to AgI in the presence of or without PVP. The

• film oxidation in vapors of concentric nitric acid. The average contact angle value for reduced films varied depending on the roughness of the film while the presence of PVP molecules in the reaction media was less significantly influenced. For uniform nanostructured reduced films, the contact angle

• performed in a glass dish preliminary rinsed with 2 M nitric acid and then by an excess of distilled water to remove all possible reductants and dust. The reductant, namely, sodium borohydride (Aldrich, granular ≥98%), was dissolved in precooled 4 °C MilliQ water right before the experiment. For each

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• Equation 4 [20]. Fast SCR and standard SCR can be distinguished according to the formation of NO2. In fast SCR, nitrous acid (HNO2) and nitric acid (HNO3) are formed from the dimerisation of NO2 [2]. Then, an ammonium nitrate (H4NNO3) intermediate is formed when NH3 reacts with HNO3 and subsequently

• method, CNTs are immersed in a solution containing an oxidising agent for a few hours. A certain amount of heat is also applied to accelerate the oxidation process. The most commonly used technique for surface oxidation is acid treatment such as nitric acid or preferably nitric/sulphuric acid, as this

• different molar ratios (0.6 to 1.8%) were prepared via the incipient-wetness method. During the preparation of the catalysts, the CNTs were pre-treated with concentrated nitric acid for roughly 16 hours. This procedure is advantegous since it helps with the dispersion of mixed oxides onto the surface of

Perovskite-structured CaTiO₃ coupled with g-C₃N₄ as a heterojunction photocatalyst for organic pollutant degradation

• Ashish Kumar,
• Christian Schuerings,
• Suneel Kumar,
• Ajay Kumar and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 671–685, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.62

• %), nitric acid (HNO3) and tartaric acid were supplied by Merck, India. All chemicals were used as received. Deionized (DI) water obtained from a double-stage water purifier (ELGA PURELAB Option-R7) was used for all experimental work. Synthesis of CaTiO3 nanoflakes CaTiO3 nanoflakes were synthesized by

Influence of the preparation method on the photocatalytic activity of Nd-modified TiO₂

• Patrycja Parnicka,
• Paweł Mazierski,
• Tomasz Grzyb,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewa Kowalska,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Joanna Nadolna

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 447–459, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.43

• scavengers confirm that superoxide radicals were responsible for the visible-light degradation of the model pollutant in aqueous solution. Experimental Materials Titanium(IV) butoxide (97%, TBOT) and Nd(NO3)3·6H2O (99.99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Poland. Nitric acid (65%) and hydrochloric acid (31

Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting performance using morphology-controlled BiVO₄ with W doping

• Xin Zhao and
• Zhong Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2640–2647, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.264

• , 14% from improved charge separation and 20% from increased interfacial charge injection. Experimental Sample preparation: Bismuth trioxide, ammonium metavanadate and ammonium tungstate hydrate were dissolved in water or ethylene glycol (EG) with proper amounts of nitric acid to form 0.1 M precursor

Fabrication of CeO₂–MO_x (M = Cu, Co, Ni) composite yolk–shell nanospheres with enhanced catalytic properties for CO oxidation

• Ling Liu,
• Jingjing Shi,
• Hongxia Cao,
• Ruiyu Wang and
• Ziwu Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2425–2437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.241

• nanostructures for a broad range of technical applications. Experimental Materials Cerium(III) nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O), concentrated nitric acid (HNO3, 68%), diethylene glycol (DEG), acetone, copper(II) acetate monohydrate (Cu(CH3COO)2·H2O), nickel(II) acetate tetrahydrate (Ni(CH3COO)2·4H2O), cobalt

• to [27]. In a typical procedure, 0.109 g of Ce(NO3)3·6H2O was dissolved in 5 mL of diethylene glycol under vigorous stirring. Subsequently, 2 mL of concentrated nitric acid and 35 mL of acetone were added to the above solution in sequence, and stirring was continued for another 30 min to form a clear

Synthesis and characterization of noble metal–titania core–shell nanostructures with tunable shell thickness

• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Marta Michalska-Domańska,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Dariusz Zasada and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2083–2093, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.208

• /w aq. soln.) and silver nitrate (99.9%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Ethanol (99.8%) and acetonitrile (99.5%) were purchased from Avantor Performance Materials Poland. Nitric acid (65% w/w aq. soln.), hydrofluoric acid (40% w/w aq. soln.) and sodium hydroxide (>99%) were purchased from Chempur

Bi-layer sandwich film for antibacterial catheters

• Gerhard Franz,
• Florian Schamberger,
• Hamideh Heidari Zare,
• Sara Felicitas Bröskamp and
• Dieter Jocham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1982–2001, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.199

• Plasma Technology, Yatton, UK). Another method involves exposing the substrates (polysilicon) to diluted nitric acid (30%) for approximately 30 min. The latter procedure was preferred, mainly because the process could be controlled visually, and the reproducibility is far better. By this treatment, the

Carbon nano-onions as fluorescent on/off modulated nanoprobes for diagnostics

• Stefania Lettieri,
• Marta d’Amora,
• Adalberto Camisasca,
• Alberto Diaspro and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1878–1888, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.188

• procedure [25][26]. The condensation with dimethylaminobenzaldehyde led to the NIR-BODIPY derivative 3. The surface functionalization of 5 nm pristine CNOs (p-CNOs), synthetized by thermal annealing of d-NDs, was obtained by an oxidation process using a 3 M solution of nitric acid under reflux condition

• -NDs) of 5 nm average particle diameter in a tube furnace under a positive pressure of helium at 1650 °C. oxi-CNOs A dispersion of p-CNOs (50 mg) was prepared by ultrasonication (20 min at 37 kHz) in 30 mL of a 3 M solution of nitric acid (HNO3). The solution was stirred under reflux conditions for 48

• , glacial acetic acid, Mg(ClO4)2, Dean–Stark condenser. Procedure for the preparation of carboxy-functionalized oxi-CNO and fluorescently labelled fluo-CNO. i) Nitric acid, reflux, 48 h; ii) EDC, NHS, DMAP, 3, dry DMF, N2, RT, 20 h. Photophysical data for BODIPY 3 and 4, absorption maximum (λabs), and

Near-infrared-responsive, superparamagnetic Au@Co nanochains

• Varadee Vittur,
• Arati G. Kolhatkar,
• Shreya Shah,
• Irene Rusakova,
• Dmitri Litvinov and
• T. Randall Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1680–1687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.168

• ), nitric acid (EM Science) and hydrochloric acid (EM Science) were purchased from the indicated suppliers and used without purification. Water was purified to a resistivity of 18 MΩ·cm (Academic Milli-Q Water System; Millipore Corporation). All glassware and equipment was cleaned using an aqua regia

Preparation of thick silica coatings on carbon fibers with fine-structured silica nanotubes induced by a self-assembly process

• Benjamin Baumgärtner,
• Hendrik Möller,
• Thomas Neumann and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1145–1155, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.116

• fiber surface can be increased by nitric acid oxidation [33]. The catalytic activity of the polyamines, which are localized on the carbon fiber’s surface, is exploited by depositing silica site-selective onto the carbon fiber at close to neutral pH conditions. In comparison to conventional coating

• . Tetraethylenepentamine was chosen for covalent linkage to the fiber surface (Figure 1). The number of surface-exposed carboxylic acid groups was increased by wet-chemical oxidation with 65% nitric acid at 115 °C over a period of 90 min. Grafting the short-chain polyamine via amide functional groups was achieved by

• the thermogravimetric measurement elucidate a thin but coherent nature of the silica film which is left after calcination of the carbon fiber in air atmosphere. For comparison, atomic force microscopy was performed on nitric acid oxidized fibers with and without TEPA grafting. Both kinds of fibers

Measuring adhesion on rough surfaces using atomic force microscopy with a liquid probe

• Juan V. Escobar,
• Cristina Garza and
• Rolando Castillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 813–825, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.84

• mercury was first passed through a small orifice on a filter paper and then dropped three times through a column of 30% nitric acid. The clean mercury was washed with distilled water and dried with filter paper. Mercury is kept under chloroform. Mercury is a hazardous liquid that can result in severe body

Nanostructured carbon materials decorated with organophosphorus moieties: synthesis and application

• Giacomo Biagiotti,
• Vittoria Langè,
• Cristina Ligi,
• Stefano Caporali,
• Maurizio Muniz-Miranda,
• Anna Flis,
• K. Michał Pietrusiewicz,
• Giacomo Ghini,
• Alberto Brandi and
• Stefano Cicchi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 485–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.52

• 12 was confirmed by the signal at 2118 cm−1 in the FTIR spectra (see Supporting Information File 1, Figures S9 and S10). The ICP-AES was used to determine the amount of phosphorus in the complex matrix. The samples were previously mineralized by treatment with nitric acid and a hydrogen peroxide

• was synthesized from 4-bromoaniline in quantitative yield following a procedure reported in literature [40]. Oxidation of CNTs To a 100 mL flask were added CNTs 500 mg and 40 mL of a 3:1 solution of 96% sulfuric acid/65% nitric acid. The mixture was stirred at reflux for 30 min, diluted with fresh

Nanoscale isoindigo-carriers: self-assembly and tunable properties

• Tatiana N. Pashirova,
• Andrei V. Bogdanov,
• Lenar I. Musin,
• Julia K. Voronina,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Marsil K. Kadirov,
• Vladimir F. Mironov,
• Lucia Ya. Zakharova,
• Shamil K. Latypov and
• Oleg G. Sinyashin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 313–324, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.34

• soaking it in nitric acid for 5–7 min, rinsing again with double-distilled water, and finally flame-drying. All glassware was soaked in nitric acid to avoid any contaminants, thoroughly rinsed with double-distilled water, and then steamed before use. Temperature was kept at 25 ± 0.2 °C during all

Facile fabrication of luminescent organic dots by thermolysis of citric acid in urea melt, and their use for cell staining and polyelectrolyte microcapsule labelling

• Nadezhda M. Zholobak,
• Anton L. Popov,
• Alexander B. Shcherbakov,
• Nelly R. Popova,
• Mykhailo M. Guzyk,
• Valeriy P. Antonovich,
• Alla V. Yegorova,
• Yuliya V. Scrypynets,
• Inna I. Leonenko,
• Alexander Ye. Baranchikov and
• Vladimir K. Ivanov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1905–1917, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.182

• nitric acid oxidation of carbon soot reduced the viability of HepG2 cells by 20%, at concentrations higher than 100 μg/mL [49]. The graphene quantum dots prepared with graphene oxide as starting material were markedly toxic for MCF-7 and MGC-803 (human gastric cancer) cells at concentrations higher than

An efficient recyclable magnetic material for the selective removal of organic pollutants

• Clément Monteil,
• Nathalie Bar,
• Agnès Bee and
• Didier Villemin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1447–1453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.136

• of 1:2, in the presence of ammonium hydroxide solution (28%), at room temperature and under mechanical stirring. Then, a solution of iron(III) nitrate in concentrated nitric acid was added at 80 °C under stirring. After the removal of the supernatant, nanoparticles were washed with acetone and

• ) adjusted to pH 2 with diluted nitric acid under vigorous stirring. After 15 min, sodium hydroxide was added to destabilize the solution. The supernatant was removed and the precipitate redispersed in 10 mL of 1 mol·L−1 nitric acid by sonication. Then acetone was added until NP-PEIP precipitated. These were

• samples was prepared by introducing 10 mL of NP-PEIP stock solution in 10 mL of the dye solution. For all of them, the pH was adjusted between 1 and 14 with either diluted nitric acid or sodium hydroxide solution. After 3 h of stirring, particles were collected with a magnet, and the supernatant was

Reasons and remedies for the agglomeration of multilayered graphene and carbon nanotubes in polymers

• Rasheed Atif and
• Fawad Inam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1174–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.109

• the epoxy matrix due to strong covalent bonding [41]. The treatment with sulfuric acid and nitric acid also causes functionalization of MLG and CNTs. These oxygenated side groups exert electrostatic repulsive forces causing exfoliation. However, this acid treatment results in a shortening of the

Voltammetric determination of polyphenolic content in pomegranate juice using a poly(gallic acid)/multiwalled carbon nanotube modified electrode

• Refat Abdel-Hamid and
• Emad F. Newair

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1104–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.103

• (MWCNTs), ethanol, nitric acid, and sulfuric acid were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (France) and used without any further purification. The stock solution of GA (0.01 M) was prepared in double-distilled water. The stock solutions were protected from light, kept in a refrigerator, and used within the same

• mixture of sulfuric acid and nitric acid (3:1 vol.) for 6 h to remove impurities, reduce bundle sizes and to generate functional groups on their surface. This was then washed several times with double-distilled water until the washing was neutral and then dried at about 70 °C as described by Abdel-Hamid

Dielectrophoresis of gold nanoparticles conjugated to DNA origami structures

• Anja Henning-Knechtel,
• Matthew Wiens,
• Mathias Lakatos,
• Andreas Heerwig,
• Frieder Ostermaier,
• Nora Haufe and
• Michael Mertig

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 948–956, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.87

• evaporated and finally the photoresist was removed with the remover solution AR 300-72 (Allresist) by sonication. Dielectrophoretic manipulation of the 6HBs The gold pads were cleaned by immersing them stepwise for 20 s into 100% fuming nitric acid (Merck) and 1 min into a neutralization solution [hydrogen

Synthesis and applications of carbon nanomaterials for energy generation and storage

• Marco Notarianni,
• Jinzhang Liu,
• Kristy Vernon and
• Nunzio Motta

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 149–196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.17

• Benjamin C. Brodie in 1859 [105] by treating graphite with a mixture of potassium chlorate (KClO3) and fuming nitric acid (HNO3). Then, in 1957, Hummers and Offeman found a safer, quicker, and more efficient way, which is largely used today in the scientific community and is based on a mixture of sulfuric

• SWNTs, MWNTs, and impurities produced by these methods is dependent on the exact reactor conditions. Impurities include fullerenes, metal catalyst particles encapsulated by graphitic polyhedrons, and amorphous carbon. The majority of impurities can be removed by purification processes based on nitric

• acid [53]. In both the arc discharge and laser ablation methods, bundles of MWNTs and SWNTs held together by van der Waals forces are generated by the condensation of carbon atoms generated from the evaporation of solid carbon sources. The third method, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), involves the