Facile preparation of Au- and BODIPY-grafted lipid nanoparticles for synergized photothermal therapy

• Yuran Wang,
• Xudong Li,
• Haijun Chen and
• Yu Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1432–1444, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.118

• efficiency (Figure 1). AB-LNPs also showed good stability under physiological conditions and demonstrated laser-responsive release characteristics (Figure 3). BDP grafted on the AB-LNPs could generate greatly enhanced cellular uptake in cancer cells (Figure 4). Due to the enhanced permeability and retention

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• to be compatible with the Peppas–Sahlin model. Within the scope of in vitro cytotoxicity studies, the drug-loaded NPs showed significantly higher cytotoxicity than a DCX solution on the HT-29 colon cell line, and CS/DCX-PLGA showed the highest cytotoxicity (p < 0.05). According to the permeability

• studies on the Caco-2 cell line, the CS/DCX-PLGA formulation increased permeability by 383% compared to free DCX (p < 0.05). In the light of all results, CS/DCX-PLGA NPs can offer a promising and innovative approach as an oral anticancer drug-loaded nanoformulation for intestinal tumors. Keywords

• treatment of colon tumors, to provide higher drug concentration in the tumoral region in the colon, to reduce systemic side effects compared to parenteral administrations, and to alleviate colon cancer. In vitro characterization, permeability studies, in vitro cell culture studies, and comprehensive release

Recent trends in Bi-based nanomaterials: challenges, fabrication, enhancement techniques, and environmental applications

• Vishal Dutta,
• Ankush Chauhan,
• Ritesh Verma,
• C. Gopalkrishnan and
• Van-Huy Nguyen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1316–1336, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.109

Microneedle-based ocular drug delivery systems – recent advances and challenges

• Piotr Gadziński,
• Anna Froelich,
• Monika Wojtyłko,
• Antoni Białek,
• Julia Krysztofiak and
• Tomasz Osmałek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1167–1184, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.98

• criteria. A schematic representation of five different MN types used to facilitate transdermal drug delivery. (A) Solid MNs for increasing the permeability of a drug formulation by creating microholes across the skin. (B) Coated MNs for rapid dissolution of the coated drug into the skin. (C) Dissolvable

Recent advances in green carbon dots (2015–2022): synthesis, metal ion sensing, and biological applications

• Aisha Kanwal,
• Naheed Bibi,
• Sajjad Hyder,
• Arif Muhammad,
• Hao Ren,
• Jiangtao Liu and
• Zhongli Lei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1068–1107, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.93

Ideal Kerker scattering by homogeneous spheres: the role of gain or loss

• Qingdong Yang,
• Weijin Chen,
• Yuntian Chen and
• Wei Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 828–835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.73

• scattering; Mie particle; Introduction The original Kerker scattering of zero backward scattering was first proposed for homogeneous magnetic spheres with equal electric permittivity and magnetic permeability ε = μ [1]. This proposal had not attracted much attention for a long time, mainly due to the

Design and characterization of polymeric microneedles containing extracts of Brazilian green propolis

• Camila Felix Vecchi,
• Rafaela Said dos Santos,
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva and
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 503–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.42

• can encapsulate several types of nanocarriers, making it a unique system with different activities [11]. Solid MNs are used for pre-treatment of the skin. They serve only to create micropores, increasing permeability and facilitating the administration of the drug. The drug will be inserted over the

Ethosomal (−)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a novel approach to enhance antioxidant, anti-collagenase and anti-elastase effects

• Çiğdem Yücel,
• Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak,
• Sena Yalçıntaş and
• Tuğba Eren Böncü

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 491–502, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.41

• cytotoxicity test revealed that the formulations and the EGCG solution at different concentrations were nontoxic. In terms of cell permeability, enzyme inhibition, and antioxidant activity, the ethosomal formulations yielded better results compared to the EGCG solution. It was observed that the formulations

• these problems and enhance their effectiveness [13][14][15]. Upon application of various topical formulations, lipophilic drugs can easily penetrate into the skin, while hydrophilic drugs, such as EGCG, are limited in terms of penetration. The skin displays selective permeability for the penetration of

• , selected from different ETHs exhibiting encapsulation efficiencies ranging from 40–64%, showed no significant changes in PS and polydispersity index (PDI) in a three-week stability study at room temperature. They also showed the highest in vitro permeability [33]. In order to increase the effectiveness of

Tunable superconducting neurons for networks based on radial basis functions

• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Igor I. Soloviev,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok and
• Anatoli S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 444–454, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.37

• [61][62]: where ρS is the resistivity of the superconducting material, μ0 is the vacuum permeability and ℏ is Planck’s constant. For instance, for a homogeneous niobium film, the estimate for the constant λ0 is around 100 nm, while experimentally measured values of the screening length λ at T = 4.2 K

Photothermal ablation of murine melanomas by Fe₃O₄ nanoparticle clusters

• Xue Wang,
• Lili Xuan and
• Ying Pan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 255–264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.20

• properties to absorb and locally convert near-infrared (NIR) light into heat [3]. Nanoscale agents tend to accumulate within tumor sites due to the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. Also, tumor cells are more sensitive to elevated temperatures than normal cells. Thus, PTT specifically ablates

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• alone [12]. In addition, ENHs have been utilized in energy applications as well. Zhang et al. developed a graphene oxide (GO)-based nanohybrid Nafion nanofiber as a proton-exchange membrane (PEM) for fuel cells to overcome low proton conductivity, high fuel permeability, and poor stability of

• fabrication technique. Yet, it has been reported that the interconnected open pore structures and tailorable membrane thickness of electrospun membranes result in superior porosity and permeability compared to nonsolvent-induced phase separation (NIP) and thermally induced phase separation (TIP) membranes [49

• -workers compared an electrospun PVDF/PMMA MF membrane with a conventionally cast membrane [57]. The electrospun membrane showed higher water permeability and high porosity compared to the cast membrane. Also, the electrospun membrane had a smoother surface, which led to less fouling. Most of the

Measurement of polarization effects in dual-phase ceria-based oxygen permeation membranes using Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Kerstin Neuhaus,
• Christina Schmidt,
• Liudmila Fischer,
• Wilhelm Albert Meulenberg,
• Ke Ran,
• Joachim Mayer and
• Stefan Baumann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1380–1391, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.102

• spinel or perovskite phase applicable in membrane reactors for partial oxidation reactions. Dual-phase membranes with FeCo2O4, or its iron-rich pendant Fe2CoO4, and Gd-doped ceria as an ion conductor have already been successfully applied as oxygen permeation membranes with high permeability in the

Biocompatibility and cytotoxicity in vitro of surface-functionalized drug-loaded spinel ferrite nanoparticles

• Sadaf Mushtaq,
• Khuram Shahzad,
• Tariq Saeed,
• Anwar Ul-Hamid,
• Bilal Haider Abbasi,
• Nafees Ahmad,
• Waqas Khalid,
• Muhammad Atif,
• Zulqurnain Ali and
• Rashda Abbasi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1339–1364, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.99

• permeability and retention (EPR) effect [7]. Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have gained significant attention as effective drug delivery systems due to their distinct physiochemical attributes, high surface-to-volume ratio, and the possibility of surface functionalization [8]. Furthermore, magnetic-field

Nonmonotonous temperature dependence of Shapiro steps in YBCO grain boundary junctions

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitriy V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Sergey A. Pavlov and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1279–1285, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.95

• temperature. Figure 1 also shows the change in the Josephson junction characteristic length L/λJ, where is the Josephson penetration depth, which determines the size of a fluxon in the junction. Here μ0 is the vacuum permeability, Jc is the critical current density, and d = t + 2λL is the effective magnetic

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• mechanisms is based on the existence of negative slip length and its variation. For example, combining with the negative slip length, Song et al. proposed a single-phase nonlinear seepage model and successfully explained the nonlinear flow characteristics of low permeability reservoirs [127]. Therefore, the

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• , and high membrane permeability [80][81][82]. In particular, their stability tends to increase due to minimal exposure to ambient conditions (thereby delaying oxidation or degradation reactions), while their release may be regulated according to the use of different encapsulating materials [83

• (1.04) > liver (0.39) > brain (0.14) > spleen (0.06). When administered intraperitoneally, they were detected in the tumor (0.48) and spleen (0.78) [135]. The distribution in other organs may be associated with reduced particle size, improvements in permeability, and tissue retention. Curcumin-loaded

The role of deep eutectic solvents and carrageenan in synthesizing biocompatible anisotropic metal nanoparticles

• Nabojit Das,
• Akash Kumar and
• Raja Gopal Rayavarapu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 924–938, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.69

• and phagocytosis and ultimately leads to prolonged blood circulation with enhanced retention and permeability of the nanorods. Apart from PEGylation, phosphatidylcholine has also been used as a coating agent for reducing the toxicity of CTAB-capped gold nanorods [64]. In vivo toxicity of anisotropic

• -approved and remarkably safe [104]. In vitro and in vivo studies involving carrageenan proved that it is safe for biological applications with negligible inflammatory responses [105][106][107]. A conclusive study for evaluating cytotoxicity, intestinal permeability, and induction of proinflammatory

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

• unique characteristics as an extracorporeal tool to increase drug permeability and drug release across biological barriers with the goal of treating human solid cancers [14][18][43], such as kidney [44], prostate [45][46][47], liver [48], lung [49], cardiovascular [50], breast [51][52][53], pancreatic

• membrane after sonication. They provided evidence that during US exposure and sonoporation, repairable disruption and an increase in plasma membrane permeability occurred. They also suggested that the change in the cell membrane depended on the intensity of the US waves and the cavitation process. They

• transferred into the cell cytosol during cavitation, and no major differences were found in the uptake of these molecules. The authors suggested that US may alter the cell membrane integrity, thus enhancing cellular permeability [86]. In another study, De Cock et al. also investigated the uptake of 4 kDa and

Recent progress in actuation technologies of micro/nanorobots

• Ke Xu and
• Bing Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 756–765, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.59

• at the top and the bottom, respectively. The tip is made of foil with high permeability, which ensures a big magnetic gradient. The device was placed on a glass slide of a microscope to ensure that the robot is exposed to the force of a three-dimensional magnetic field when entering cells placed on

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• showed stability, specificity, and semi-permeability, together with cell compatibility [25], which could be well applied to MNRs and enhance the driving force of MNRs under certain conditions. Energy transmission and control of the MNRs could be realized by wireless power transfer (WPT) systems [16]. The

• . The nanoreactor was assembled in the presence of a target mRNA analyte and a magnetic field to form a biocompartment enclosed by the polymeric brush. Due to the polymer brush, MaBiDz exhibited excellent properties such as stability, specificity, and semi-permeability. It provides a suitable

• coupling strength increases. Because WPT is essentially the transmission of electric energy caused by magnetic coupling between coils, a magnetic material with high relative permeability yielded a larger coupling coefficient and, thus, a higher power transfer. In addition, by adjusting the angle of the

A review on nanostructured silver as a basic ingredient in medicine: physicochemical parameters and characterization

• Gabriel M. Misirli,
• Kishore Sridharan and
• Shirley M. P. Abrantes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 440–461, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.36

• has about 0.00006% of the atoms on the surface, while a cube with 10 nm of size has approximately 60% of the atoms on the surface. Therefore, many of the physical properties of AgNPs, such as their effectiveness against bacteria, viruses, and biofilm permeability are related to the size of the

Doxorubicin-loaded gold nanorods: a multifunctional chemo-photothermal nanoplatform for cancer management

• Uzma Azeem Awan,
• Abida Raza,
• Shaukat Ali,
• Rida Fatima Saeed and
• Nosheen Akhtar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 295–303, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.24

• external stimulus [13]. Additionally, the NIR light-induced heat can improve the sensitivity of cancer cells towards chemotherapeutic agents by increasing blood vessel dilation and membrane permeability. These findings provide an incentive to combine photothermal therapy and chemotherapy for cancer

A review on the green and sustainable synthesis of silver nanoparticles and one-dimensional silver nanostructures

• Sina Kaabipour and
• Shohreh Hemmati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 102–136, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.9

• permeability and leads to bacterial death [71][76]. Another therapeutic approach lies in the bactericidal activity of functionalized silver nanoparticles coated on surfaces. This method is applicable in developing aseptic catheters to prevent catheter-related infections such as urinary tract and venous

Fusion of purple membranes triggered by immobilization on carbon nanomembranes

• René Riedel,
• Natalie Frese,
• Fang Yang,
• Martin Wortmann,
• Raphael Dalpke,
• Daniel Rhinow,
• Norbert Hampp and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 93–101, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.8

• stable freestanding monolayers produced from irradiation-induced cross-linking of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) [35]. They have a thickness in the range of 1–2 nm and can be made from a variety of carbon precursor molecules [36]. They are well characterized in terms of their permeability [37][38] and

Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams

• Serguei Chiriaev,
• Luciana Tavares,
• Vadzim Adashkevich,
• Arkadiusz J. Goszczak and
• Horst-Günter Rubahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151

• continuous films of low permeability cannot be patterned with the technique described here. In order to apply the technique, a gas-leakage path, for instance, in the form of an array of microholes, needs to be prefabricated in the films before irradiation. As an alternative to a continuous film, an array of