Size limits of magnetic-domain engineering in continuous in-plane exchange-bias prototype films

• Alexander Gaul,
• Daniel Emmrich,
• Timo Ueltzhöffer,
• Henning Huckfeldt,
• Hatice Doğanay,
• Johanna Hackl,
• Muhammad Imtiaz Khan,
• Daniel M. Gottlob,
• Gregor Hartmann,
• André Beyer,
• Dennis Holzinger,
• Slavomír Nemšák,
• Claus M. Schneider,
• Armin Gölzhäuser,
• Günter Reiss and
• Arno Ehresmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2968–2979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.276

• bombarded and non-bombarded regions individually. Here, γ ≈ 0.577 is the Euler constant, μ0 = 4π × 10−7 N·A−2 is the vacuum permeability, and tf is the thickness of the FM layer. The saturation magnetization Ms as a function of the ion dose was measured in [35] for a similar material system (Ms,NB = 1226

Hybrid Au@alendronate nanoparticles as dual chemo-photothermal agent for combined cancer treatment

• Anouchka Plan Sangnier,
• Romain Aufaure,
• Laurence Motte,
• Claire Wilhelm,
• Erwann Guenin and
• Yoann Lalatonne

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2947–2952, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.273

• efficient antitumor activity of Au@alendronate NPs through combining drug delivery in the form of a nanoplatform carrying alendronate and photothermal therapy. Indeed, Au@alendronate NPs will accumulate within cells because of the enhanced permeability retention effect: An enhanced permeability of blood

Time-resolved universal temperature measurements using NaYF₄:Er³⁺,Yb³⁺ upconverting nanoparticles in an electrospray jet

• Kristina Shrestha,
• Arwa A. Alaulamie,
• Ali Rafiei Miandashti and
• Hugh H. Richardson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2916–2924, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.270

• permittivity and permeability of water, l is an integer, and a is the radius of the WGM cavity [39][40]. The plot of wavenumbers of WGM peaks vs as a function of l + 1/2 is shown in Figure 6B. The slope from a linear fit is used to calculate the cavity radius of 2.87 ± 0.02 μm. The Q-factor of the WGM cavity

Layered calcium phenylphosphonate: a hybrid material for a new generation of nanofillers

• Kateřina Kopecká,
• Ludvík Beneš,
• Klára Melánová,
• Vítězslav Zima,
• Petr Knotek and
• Kateřina Zetková

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2906–2915, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.269

• influence the barrier properties of polymer films. In the case of CaPhP, the permeability of the epoxy film with 5% CaPhP (CaPhP_ a_5) as a filler for H2, CO2, He and CH4 was measured and the results were 21.02, 4.28, 13.55 and 4.85 Barrer, respectively (Table 2). This implies that the highest permeability

• was for H2 and the smallest for CO2. The addition of the filler increased the permeability for both these gases. In the case of hydrogen, it was approximately four times higher and in the case of CO2 even 5.6 times higher in comparison to the pristine epoxy film. Flammability Phosphorus containing

• permeability measurements. The permeability of pristine epoxy film for He and CH4 were not measured. Supporting Information Supporting Information File 182: XRD patterns of exfoliated sample CaPhP_exf and XRD pattern of free film with exfoliated filler CaPhP_exf_0.5. The XRD patterns of exfoliated sample

Cytotoxicity of doxorubicin-conjugated poly[N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide]-modified γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles towards human tumor cells

• Zdeněk Plichta,
• Yulia Kozak,
• Rostyslav Panchuk,
• Viktoria Sokolova,
• Matthias Epple,
• Lesya Kobylinska,
• Pavla Jendelová and
• Daniel Horák

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2533–2545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.236

• , biocompatibility, absence of toxicity, minimal immunogenicity, and enhanced permeability and retention to cancer cells [18]. Moreover, PHPMA, which has a long history of biomedical applications as a drug-delivery vehicle, enables the control of biodistribution and accumulation via molecular weight limitations [19

• strategy for enhancing the long-term colloidal stability and the permeability of cells to nanoparticles. In this report, the surface of the γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles was modified with PHPMA (Mn = 177 kDa) by a post-synthesis method. It is supposed that carbonyl groups of PHPMA bind to γ-Fe2O3 and interact with

Enhanced antineoplastic/therapeutic efficacy using 5-fluorouracil-loaded calcium phosphate nanoparticles

• Shanid Mohiyuddin,
• Saba Naqvi and
• Gopinath Packirisamy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2499–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.233

• /bjnano.9.233 Abstract In the past few decades, the successful theranostic application of nanomaterials in drug delivery systems has significantly improved the antineoplastic potency of conventional anticancer therapy. Several mechanistic advantages of nanomaterials, such as enhanced permeability

Nanocellulose: Recent advances and its prospects in environmental remediation

• Katrina Pui Yee Shak,
• Yean Ling Pang and
• Shee Keat Mah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2479–2498, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.232

• of the photogenerated carriers decreased during the photochemical reaction. It was reported that electrospun cellulose acetate nanofibrous membranes with large specific surface area, high porosity, and high permeability could be an effective support for photocatalysts [122]. This could create a

Block copolymers for designing nanostructured porous coatings

• Roberto Nisticò

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2332–2344, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.218

• their high selectivity, permeability, fouling resistance and mechanical strength. Eventually, further functionalizing can enhance the BC selectivity/affinity toward a particular target probe. Unfortunately, these advantages are partially annulled by a few drawbacks related to the production of these

Nanoconjugates of a calixresorcinarene derivative with methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) fragments for drug encapsulation

• Alina M. Ermakova,
• Julia E. Morozova,
• Yana V. Shalaeva,
• Victor V. Syakaev,
• Aidar T. Gubaidullin,
• Alexandra D. Voloshina,
• Vladimir V. Zobov,
• Irek R. Nizameev,
• Olga B. Bazanova,
• Igor S. Antipin and
• Alexander I. Konovalov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2057–2070, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.195

• than those of Dox, which can be explained by a lower permeability of the micelles of 3 for the more bulky Dox molecule. In conclusion, the incorporation of hydrophobic substrates into the micelles of 3 depends on the substrate structure and includes the interaction with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic

The inhibition effect of water on the purification of natural gas with nanoporous graphene membranes

• Krzysztof Nieszporek,
• Tomasz Pańczyk and
• Jolanta Nieszporek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1906–1916, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.182

• permeation rate due to hydrogen-bonding with the nanopore rim. In this paper, by means of classical molecular dynamics, we discuss such an inhibiting effect of water on the gas permeability. Employing different nanopores functionalized by hydrogen and nitrogen atoms, we conduct theoretical studies on the

• , the presence of water in the separation system can decrease the membrane permeability. Due to the presence of hydrogen-bond acceptors in the nanopore, water molecules gather in the surroundings of the permeation path. As a result, the nanopore may be blocked by a water drop and the rate of permeation

Tailoring polarization and magnetization of absorbing terahertz metamaterials using a cut-wire sandwich structure

• Hadi Teguh Yudistira,
• Shuo Liu,
• Tie Jun Cui and
• Han Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1437–1447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.136

• (SZU), Shenzhen 518060, China Mechanical Engineering Program, Institut Teknologi Sumatera (ITERA), Lampung 35365, Indonesia, State Key Laboratory of Milimeter Waves, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China 10.3762/bjnano.9.136 Abstract The permittivity and permeability of a cut-wire sandwich

• structure can be controlled by laterally shifting the upper and lower layers. The use of this process for designing specific application-oriented devices may lack clear-cut guidelines because the lateral misalignment will significantly change the permittivity and permeability simultaneously. Therefore, in

• smaller than the wavelength of the terahertz electromagnetic (EM) wave. Thus, such structures can be considered a homogeneous medium from the perspective of the EM wave. The existence of multiple metallic structures in a device may affect the EM properties, such as permittivity and permeability. Several

Preparation and morphology-dependent wettability of porous alumina membranes

• Dmitry L. Shimanovich,
• Alla I. Vorobjova,
• Daria I. Tishkevich,
• Alex V. Trukhanov,
• Maxim V. Zdorovets and
• Artem L. Kozlovskiy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1423–1436, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.135

• -monodisperse cylindrical pores [23][24]. Membranes obtained by traditional methods have a three-dimensional pore structure that has a large pore size distribution, which does not allow high permeability values to be obtained [9][25][26]. Therefore, the optimization of parameters such as the diameter and length

Nanoporous silicon nitride-based membranes of controlled pore size, shape and areal density: Fabrication as well as electrophoretic and molecular filtering characterization

• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Stefan Beirle,
• Fabian Enderle,
• Paul Ziemann,
• Othmar Marti and
• Alfred Plettl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1390–1398, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.131

• start of 10.9 ± 0.8 nm results in uniform pore diameters at the top and bottom face of 19.1 ± 1.2 nm and 13.6 ± 1.5 nm, respectively. Electrophoretic characterization After the fabrication of nanometer-sized pores the permeability of the resulting membranes was tested. For this purpose, membranes with

• of the resulting membranes, may deteriorate their permeability. It turned out, however, that fluorocarbon surface contaminations could be removed by annealing in ultra-high vacuum (10−8 mbar) at 500 °C for 120 min (details are given in Supporting Information File 1). For membrane C with the smallest

• varying pore diameters are expected to be smaller than the measurement uncertainties. In accordance with these considerations, the ion transport measurements show a very high overall permeability of the nanopores. As a consequence, a small fraction of possibly blocked pores could not be resolved by the

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

• Jaison Jeevanandam,
• Ahmed Barhoum,
• Yen S. Chan,
• Alain Dufresne and
• Michael K. Danquah

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1050–1074, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.98

• . Nanosize, monodispersity, distinct shapes, selective permeability to smaller molecules, composition controllability by genome manipulation, self-assembly and polyvalence, rapid growth, and stability towards pH and temperature [125][126], are properties that make viruses a unique category among NMs [127

Single-crystalline FeCo nanoparticle-filled carbon nanotubes: synthesis, structural characterization and magnetic properties

• Rasha Ghunaim,
• Maik Scholz,
• Christine Damm,
• Bernd Rellinghaus,
• Rüdiger Klingeler,
• Bernd Büchner,
• Michael Mertig and
• Silke Hampel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1024–1034, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.95

• magnetic storage [6][7], fuel cells [8], electromagnetic wave absorption [9], sensors for magnetic force microscopy [10] and human tumor therapy [11][12][13]. Fe–Co binary alloys are of particular interest due to their high saturation magnetization, large permeability and high magnetophoretic mobility [14

Noble metal-modified titania with visible-light activity for the decomposition of microorganisms

• Maya Endo,
• Zhishun Wei,
• Kunlei Wang,
• Baris Karabiyik,
• Kenta Yoshiiri,
• Paulina Rokicka,
• Bunsho Ohtani,
• Agata Markowska-Szczupak and
• Ewa Kowalska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 829–841, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.77

• deactivated through interfering with cell activity (e.g., changes in cell permeability, enzyme activity and cell division). It is believed that in the history of humanity, disinfection is one of the most important achievements in the health protection [2]. Improvements in sanitation facilities and water

Fabrication and photoactivity of ionic liquid–TiO₂ structures for efficient visible-light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants in aqueous phase

• Anna Gołąbiewska,
• Marta Paszkiewicz-Gawron,
• Aleksandra Sadzińska,
• Wojciech Lisowski,
• Ewelina Grabowska,
• Adriana Zaleska-Medynska and
• Justyna Łuczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 580–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.54

• permeability [54][55][56]. Thus, it could be expected that the higher photocatalytic activity could be achieved by using TiO2 microspheres with uniform and spherical shape. According to the DRS UV–vis spectra shown in Figure 4, the incorporation of ILs into TiO2 microspheres significantly extended the

Nanoparticle delivery to metastatic breast cancer cells by nanoengineered mesenchymal stem cells

• Liga Saulite,
• Karlis Pleiko,
• Ineta Popena,
• Dominyka Dapkute,
• Ricardas Rotomskis and
• Una Riekstina

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 321–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.32

• permeability glycoprotein (P-glycoprotein)-mediated excretion of QDs from stem cells has been reported in other studies [30][31][32]. In our co-culture model, QDs are likely lost from MSCs via P-glycoprotein excretion. In 3D co-culture, MSCs and cancer cells are in close spatial proximity (Figure 6A,B), thus

BN/Ag hybrid nanomaterials with petal-like surfaces as catalysts and antibacterial agents

• Konstantin L. Firestein,
• Denis V. Leybo,
• Alexander E. Steinman,
• Andrey M. Kovalskii,
• Andrei T. Matveev,
• Anton M. Manakhov,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Pavel V. Slukin,
• Nadezda K. Fursova,
• Sergey G. Ignatov,
• Dmitri V. Golberg and
• Dmitry V. Shtansky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 250–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.27

• and gas permeability. IR spectroscopy In order to trace the chemical state of the BN/Ag NH surfaces, the samples before and after catalytic activity tests were characterized by IR spectroscopy. The results are presented in Figure 6. Both types of the pristine BN/Ag HNMs are characterized by the two

Magnetic field induced orientational transitions in liquid crystals doped with carbon nanotubes

• Danil A. Petrov,
• Pavel K. Skokov and
• Alexander N. Zakhlevnykh

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2807–2817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.280

• to the minimum of free energy Here, K11, K22 and K33 are the Frank elastic moduli; χa and are the diamagnetic susceptibility anisotropies of LC and CNTs, respectively; μ0 is the permeability of vacuum; f is the volume fraction of CNTs in the suspension; Wp is the surface density of the coupling

High-stress study of bioinspired multifunctional PEDOT:PSS/nanoclay nanocomposites using AFM, SEM and numerical simulation

• Alfredo J. Diaz,
• Hanaul Noh,
• Tobias Meier and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2069–2082, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.207

• structure [9][10]. Although the mechanical properties of the nanoclay/polymer nanocomposites have not matched those of nacre [8], other interesting properties have been reported besides being lightweight and potentially transparent [11]. Gas permeability experiments have shown that the brick-and-mortar

• structure significantly reduces diffusion of gases across it [12][13][14]. The suggested mechanism for the decreased permeability is an increased-tortuosity path for the gas, due to the presence of the nanoclay particles [14][15]. Since the nanoclay prevents oxygen from diffusing into the organic phase, it

• permeability, fire retardancy, and excellent mechanical properties and flexibility. Conclusion We have designed an optically transparent and electron conductive nanocomposite coating based on the polymer PEDOT:PSS and the nanoclays Laponite RD and Cloisite Na+, which exhibits a brick and mortar structure. We

Development of an advanced diagnostic concept for intestinal inflammation: molecular visualisation of nitric oxide in macrophages by functional poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres

• Kathleen Lange,
• Christian Lautenschläger,
• Maria Wallert,
• Stefan Lorkowski,
• Andreas Stallmach and
• Alexander Schiller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1637–1641, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.163

• approach is based on the epithelial barrier dysfunction of the intestine during intestinal inflammation. The intestinal barrier shows an increased permeability by disabled tight junction proteins, alterations in the thickness and composition of the mucus. Thus, particles penetrate and accumulate only into

Parylene C as a versatile dielectric material for organic field-effect transistors

• Tomasz Marszalek,
• Maciej Gazicki-Lipman and
• Jacek Ulanski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1532–1545, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.155

• described as “dangling bonds”) are quenched with oxygen, forming oxide-type moieties [26]. However, because the gas permeability of parylene coatings is low and the degree of polymerization is very high [26], the concentration of these structures and, therefore, their effect on electrical conduction of the

• degradation of IDS, measured in the OFET encapsulated with Parylene C (1 μm) may be attributed to the slow penetration of water vapor and oxygen through the encapsulation layer. The decrease in the permeability of water vapor and oxygen through the bilayer encapsulation film has been attributed to the sealing

Cationic PEGylated polycaprolactone nanoparticles carrying post-operation docetaxel for glioma treatment

• Cem Varan and
• Erem Bilensoy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1446–1456, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.144

• benefit from enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect thanks to their smaller size. They can also encapsulate hydrophobic drugs as their cargo to improve solubility at the target site. Consequently, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can protect drug activities in biological systems and

Carbon nanomaterials sensitize prostate cancer cells to docetaxel and mitomycin C via induction of apoptosis and inhibition of proliferation

• Kati Erdmann,
• Jessica Ringel,
• Silke Hampel,
• Manfred P. Wirth and
• Susanne Fuessel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1307–1317, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.132

• the tumor site is hindered by the high interstitial fluid pressure of solid tumors [9]. In contrast, macromolecular compounds such as CNFs and CNTs can accumulate into solid tumors much easier by taking advantage of the enhanced permeability and retention effect, which is caused by the inconsistent

• the present study the concentration of CNFs and CNTs in the combinatory treatments was rather high (50 µg/mL), but well within the range of in vitro analyses. However, due to the aforementioned enhanced permeability and retention effect of solid tumor tissue, the concentration of carbon nanomaterials