Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• perpendicular to and pointing toward the outside of the surface, and ⟨Tij⟩ is the time-averaged MST [18] defined by where the indices i and j denote x, y, or z components of the electric or magnetic field; εr and μr are the relative permittivity and the relative permeability of the surrounding medium

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• . Their relationship can be expresses as: where εr is the complex permittivity, εr = ε′ − jε″, μr is the complex permeability, μr = μ′ − jμ″, ƒ is the frequency, d is the thickness of the material, and c is the speed of light. The microwave absorption of the SCZ samples strongly depends on the dosage of

• ″. The permittivity values of the SCZ samples are shown in Figure S3 (Supporting Information File 1). The parameters ε′ and ε″ are all measured in the frequency range of 2–18 GHz using the coaxial wire method. The dielectric parameters of the samples gradually increase with increasing filler load, which

• is consistent with the effective medium theory [36]. Since the real part ε′ of the complex permittivity represents the capacity for storing electromagnetic waves and the imaginary part ε″ represents the loss of electromagnetic radiation, in general, ε′ and ε″ decrease with increasing dosage of ZnNO3

Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• Equation 3 to the general constitutive relation for a linear isotropic material given by Equation 4, we get the relation in Equation 5. εr is the relative permittivity of the material and ε0 the permittivity of free space. For frequencies close to ωp, the temporal duration of damping (quantified by the

• since the dielectric strength of a grain is lower than a grain boundary, the dielectric permittivity decreases with decreasing grain size [48]. Moreover, the interaction between plasmonic nanoparticles and substrates on which they are deposited cannot be ignored. The polarization of charges in the

• nanoparticles induces dipoles in the substrate atoms in proximity of this polarization field, which in turn affects the nanoparticle resonance. This has been observed to induce higher-order resonances when the mismatch between the permittivity of the substrate and the surrounding of the nanoparticle increases

Bismuth-based nanostructured photocatalysts for the remediation of antibiotics and organic dyes

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo and
• Faisal Suleiman Mustafa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 291–321, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.26

• photocatalyst. Bulk Bi exhibits high interband electronic transition rates that result in a negative ultraviolet–visible permittivity and a large infrared refractive index. Numerous investigations have shown that the quantum confinement effect affects the optical properties of Bi [25][71][72][73][74][75][76][77

A distributed active patch antenna model of a Josephson oscillator

• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 151–164, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.16

• be almost 1000 times slower than c [32]. Because of that, the wavelength inside the JJ is much smaller than in free space, λ ≪ λ0. Therefore, a JJ corresponds to a patch antenna with an extraordinary large effective permittivity, = (c/c0)2. The dynamics of a JJ is described by a nonlinear perturbed

• is the relative dielectric permittivity of the insulation layer between the patch electrodes. The other size, b, is adjustable and strongly affects the patch antenna performance. For b ≪ λ0, the radiative conductance per slot is given by Equation 5. In the opposite limit, it becomes [36] One of the

Characterisation of a micrometer-scale active plasmonic element by means of complementary computational and experimental methods

• Ciarán Barron,
• Giulia Di Fazio,
• Samuel Kenny,
• Silas O’Toole,
• Robin O’Reilly and
• Dominic Zerulla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 110–122, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.12

• changes in the far-field reflectivity resulting from Joule heating. A clear modulation of the materials’ optical constants can be inferred from the changed reflectivity, which is highly sensitive and dependent on the input current. The changed electrical permittivity of the active element is due to Joule

• understood that heating affects the electrical permittivity of metals [25][26][27][28] and dielectrics [29][30]. This, in conjunction with Joule heating, is used to generate the desired effects. The active plasmonic element proposed (Figure 1) consists of a nano- or mesoscale constriction in a 48 nm thick

• layer of silver. Applying a current through the silver layer results in increased heating at the constriction due to the reduced cross section. Consequently, given the dependence of the materials electric permittivity on temperature, the optical response will change locally. In this work, we have

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• Mott–Schottky relationship involving the apparent capacitance as a function of the potential under depletion conditions [54]: where C, ε, ε0, N, A, Va, Vfb, k, and T are the capacitance of the space charge region, the dielectric constant of the semiconductor, the vacuum permittivity, the donor density

Coherent amplification of radiation from two phase-locked Josephson junction arrays

• Mikhail A. Galin,
• Vladimir M. Krasnov,
• Ilya A. Shereshevsky,
• Nadezhda K. Vdovicheva and
• Vladislav V. Kurin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1445–1457, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.119

• dielectric permittivity of silicon). Under this condition, the fundamental resonant mode can be excited in the substrate between the arrays. This condition is beneficial for inter-array coupling. Numerical Calculations The experimental results presented above show that phase locking of two large JJ arrays is

• contains two identical JJ arrays arranged on a common substrate with a dielectric permittivity of ε = 12, close to that of silicon. The lateral dimensions of the substrate are 2 × 0.6 mm while the thickness is 0.3 mm. We chose such a narrow substrate to avoid excitation of transverse resonant modes inside

• containing 100 JJs. The dimensions of the substrate (x × y × z) are 2.0 × 0.6 × 0.3 mm, and its dielectric permittivity is ε = 12. The inductances have the value 100 pH while the internal resistance of the power supplies is 90 Ω. The junctions are described in the RSJ model [20] with parameters Ic = 2.5 mA

LED-light-activated photocatalytic performance of metal-free carbon-modified hexagonal boron nitride towards degradation of methylene blue and phenol

• Nirmalendu S. Mishra and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1380–1392, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.114

• –Schottky analysis through the following equations [28][31][32]. where Csc, e, A, ε, ε0, kB, and T indicate the capacitance of the space charge region, charge of an electron, active area of the electrode, dielectric constant, permittivity of free space, Boltzmann’s constant, and absolute temperature

Enhanced electronic transport properties of Te roll-like nanostructures

• E. R. Viana,
• N. Cifuentes and
• J. C. González

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1284–1291, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.106

• = dIds/dVg is the transconductance, ρ is the resistivity, Cox is the gate capacitance, and e is the electron charge. For a flat nanostructure, the gate capacitance can be obtained by a simple parallel-plate approximation, given by Cox = ε0(εav)wL/dSiO2 and ρ = (R·w·t/L). Here, ε0 is the permittivity of

• vacuum, εav = 1.95 is the averaged relative permittivity of the SiO2/air interface of the FET [19][29]. Also, w = 550 nm, t = 50 nm, and L = 5.97 µm are the diameter of the nanostructure, the thickness of the nanostructure, and the length of the FET channel, respectively. The thickness of the dielectric

• is the relative permittivity of t-Te [36]. Considering both TA and NNH conduction mechanisms, it is possible to extract some of the abovementioned parameters by fitting the resistivity data of NW-1 and NW-2 (Figure 5) with ρ(T) = 1/[σTA(T) + σNNH(T)]. This model explains well our NW-1 and NW-2 data

Application of nanoarchitectonics in moist-electric generation

• Jia-Cheng Feng and
• Hong Xia

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1185–1200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.99

• cylindrical, the potential change (ΔV) is given by [10]: where ε is the dielectric constant of the fluid, ε0 is the vacuum permittivity, R is the flow resistance of the channel, ζ is the zeta potential of the ionic double layer on the channel surfaces, η is the liquid viscosity, C is the ionic concentration

• Debye screening length, about 9 nm for aqueous electrolytes [11][12][13][14]: where κ is the Debye screening length, εm is the permittivity of medium, kB is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, and NA is the Avogadro number. In addition, the “two-step” model between liquid and solid proposed by

Numerical study on all-optical modulation characteristics of quantum cascade lasers

• Biao Wei,
• Haijun Zhou,
• Guangxiang Li and
• Bin Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1011–1019, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.88

• numbers of the electrons and holes, ε0 is the permittivity in a vacuum, and and are the effective electron and hole masses, respectively. When the wavelength of the injected light is 820 nm, the electrons in the cavity are heated and enhance the backfilling effect, which increases the lifetime of

Comparing the performance of single and multifrequency Kelvin probe force microscopy techniques in air and water

• Jason I. Kilpatrick,
• Emrullah Kargin and
• Brian J. Rodriguez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 922–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.82

• on eigenmode ω1, and where the first harmonic of the electrostatic responses occurs on eigenmode ω2. We also compare the performance in air vs liquid (e.g., water), where both the transfer function of the cantilever changes (reducing Q enhancement at the eigenmodes) and the relative permittivity

• increases such that the electrostatic response is greatly enhanced. Other more complex effects in liquid environments are excluded from our analysis, for example, effects of the double layer, electrodynamics, or changes in permittivity with salt concentration. For a review of the impact of these effects on

• of Capacitance Gradient and Amplitude In this paper, we follow the approach originally employed by Nonnenmacher et al. [2] where the capacitance gradient is based on a sphere of radius R at a distance z from the surface such that and where e0 and er are the vacuum and relative permittivity

Ultrafast signatures of magnetic inhomogeneity in Pd_1−xFe_x (x ≤ 0.08) epitaxial thin films

• Andrey V. Petrov,
• Sergey I. Nikitin,
• Lenar R. Tagirov,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Igor V. Yanilkin and
• Roman V. Yusupov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 836–844, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.74

• dielectric permittivity tensor of a medium proportional to its magnetization. Therefore, any of the real θK (rotation angle) or imaginary ηK (ellipticity) parts of the complex Kerr angle ΘK = θK + iηK provide a measure of the magnetization of a medium. An ability to track modifications of these quantities on

Ideal Kerker scattering by homogeneous spheres: the role of gain or loss

• Qingdong Yang,
• Weijin Chen,
• Yuntian Chen and
• Wei Liu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 828–835, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.73

• scattering; Mie particle; Introduction The original Kerker scattering of zero backward scattering was first proposed for homogeneous magnetic spheres with equal electric permittivity and magnetic permeability ε = μ [1]. This proposal had not attracted much attention for a long time, mainly due to the

Direct measurement of surface photovoltage by AC bias Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Masato Miyazaki,
• Yasuhiro Sugawara and
• Yan Jun Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 712–720, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.63

• thermal drift between darkness and illumination. In the case of semiconductors, an electric field is screened on the scale of the Debye length LD [3], where kB is the Boltzmann constant, T is the temperature, ε0 is the vacuum permittivity, εr is the relative permittivity of the semiconductor, e is the

Tunable high-quality-factor absorption in a graphene monolayer based on quasi-bound states in the continuum

• Jun Wu,
• Yasong Sun,
• Feng Wu,
• Biyuan Wu and
• Xiaohu Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 675–681, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.59

• Fermi level, ω is the angular frequency, e is the elementary charge, and τ is the carrier relaxation lifetime. In our simulation, the permittivity of the graphene monolayer is described by: where ε0 is the relative permittivity of vacuum, and hg is the thickness of the graphene, which is assumed to be

• medium, the time-averaged power loss density is described by [59]: dPloss/dV = 1/2ε0ω·Im (ε(ω))|E|2, where Im(ε) denotes the imaginary part of relative permittivity and E is the electric field. Thus, the strong electric intensity enhancement inside the dielectric grating will boost light absorption in

The role of sulfonate groups and hydrogen bonding in the proton conductivity of two coordination networks

• Ali Javed,
• Felix Steinke,
• Stephan Wöhlbrandt,
• Hana Bunzen,
• Norbert Stock and
• Michael Tiemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 437–443, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.36

• activation. Measurements were conducted at 22 °C and 90% r.h. Real parts of the conductivity values of [Mg(H2O)2(H3L)]·H2O and [Pb2(HL)]·H2O obtained by conversion of impedance into permittivity (22 °C, 90% r.h.). Highlighted regions (blue) correspond to the values obtained from the Nyquist plots (see Table

Electrostatic pull-in application in flexible devices: A review

• Teng Cai,
• Yuming Fang,
• Yingli Fang,
• Ruozhou Li,
• Ying Yu and
• Mingyang Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 390–403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.32

• between the two plates, ε0 is the vacuum permittivity, and A is the area of the two plates. It can be seen from Equation 1 that the material, size, and structure of the electrodes affect properties such as voltage, response time, and life cycles. When designing an ideal MEMS device, these parameters

Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• eventually, alcohol becomes the bulk phase with small water clusters [34][35]. These changes in solvent structure reduce the solvent permittivity and change solute pKa and hydration number [36][37]. Additionally, alcohol–protein interactions can replace protein–protein interactions, altering the protein

Design aspects of Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_8+δ THz sources: optimization of thermal and radiative properties

• Mikhail M. Krasnov,
• Natalia D. Novikova,
• Roger Cattaneo,
• Alexey A. Kalenyuk and
• Vladimir M. Krasnov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1392–1403, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.103

• electrode and whisker is set to ≃6 × 105 (Ω·m)−1 and the relative dielectric permittivity of the substrate is εr = 10. First we consider the case without dielectric losses, tan(δ) = 0. The middle panels in Figure 6 show the local distributions of electric field amplitudes in the xz crosssection through the

Plasmon-enhanced photoluminescence from TiO₂ and TeO₂ thin films doped by Eu³⁺ for optoelectronic applications

• Marcin Łapiński,
• Jakub Czubek,
• Katarzyna Drozdowska,
• Anna Synak,
• Wojciech Sadowski and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1271–1278, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.94

• strongly redshifted in comparison to plasmon platform characteristics (Figure 3). This phenomenon is directly related to Mie’s theory and can be caused by changes of the electric permittivity over the gold nanostructures [7][8][33]. A shift is also observed in structures with an additional ultrathin Al2O3

• film. However, a blueshift occurs here due to the electrical properties of aluminum oxide. Additionally, it can be seen, that the position of the minimum of transmission as function of the Al2O3 film thickness. This may be explained by the different permittivity of the layers [34][35][36]. Emission and

• and Al2O3 layers exhibit a much greater permittivity, which affects the optical properties of plasmonic nanostructures and redshifts the resonance wavelength [34][35][40][41]. The excitation and emission spectra samples are shown in Figure 10. One main spectral line can be distinguished on excitation

Simulation of gas sensing with a triboelectric nanogenerator

• Kaiqin Zhao,
• Hua Gan,
• Huan Li,
• Ziyu Liu and
• Zhiyuan Zhu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 507–516, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.41

• potential distribution diagram of the triboelectric materials of a TENG at a distance of 1 mm. Due to the influence of the relative permittivity, the material with the lower relative permittivity is negatively charged, while the other triboelectric material is positively charged. When the distance between

• , when the distance between the triboelectric materials is large enough, a change of the gas jet cross section has only little effect on the TENG potential. The simulation results also show that the type of gas influences the potential of the TENG depending on the relative permittivity of the gas. This

Colloidal particle aggregation: mechanism of assembly studied via constructal theory modeling

• Scott C. Bukosky,
• Sukrith Dev,
• Monica S. Allen and
• Jeffery W. Allen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 413–423, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.33

• parameterized by the zeta potential, ζp. This repulsive double layer force is given by [14]: where d is the particle separation distance, a is the particle radius, T is the temperature of the system, e is the elementary charge, kB is Boltzmann’s constant, and ε0 and εc are vacuum permittivity and fluid

Structural and optical characteristics determined by the sputtering deposition conditions of oxide thin films

• Petronela Prepelita,
• Florin Garoi and
• Valentin Craciun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 354–365, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.29

• of the oxide films. This allowed for the assessment of the permittivity and polarizability of the material, as well as the density of states in the band interval. Based on calculus, the value of the real dielectric constant (εr) can be obtained by: and the relationship to compute the imaginary

• properties (Figure 9 and Figure 11) to be integrated in metamaterials with low refractive index. The results show that a slight variation of the permittivity of the dielectric material (Figure 12) due to the redistribution of electrons is negligible in all cases. The importance of these transparent

• energy of the incident photons for (a) SiO2 and (b) ZnO samples with different thickness values. Refractive index dependence on the wavelength (dispersion) for (a) SiO2 and (b) ZnO thin films. Photon energy dependence of the (a) real and (b) imaginary parts of permittivity for SiO2 (i) and ZnO (ii) thin