Electrical contacts to individual SWCNTs: A review

• Wei Liu,
• Christofer Hierold and
• Miroslav Haluska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2202–2215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.229

• the metal–semiconductor interface and lead to the so-called Fermi level pinning effect, that is, when the Fermi level tends to be fixed at a constant position in the band gap of the semiconductor [13]. The net result is that the Schottky barrier height is less sensitive to the work function difference

• a relatively longer distance (shown in the inset of Figure 2a). For SWCNT with a side-bonded contact (configuration shown in Figure 1b), it was predicted as well that Fermi level pinning plays a minor role in the charge carrier injection effect at the electrical contact [16]. The experimental

• largely impacts the CNFET performance. Since the pinning effect at the metal–CNT interface is nearly negligible [14][16], the height of the Schottky barrier could be minimized by choosing an appropriate metal with a relatively high (low) work function for high performance p-type (n-type) CNFETs. The

The study of surface wetting, nanobubbles and boundary slip with an applied voltage: A review

• Yunlu Pan,
• Bharat Bhushan and
• Xuezeng Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1042–1065, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.117

• balance of horizontal forces at the unit length of the contact line is carried out to understand this observation. The pinning force on the contact line is assumed to have a same value at any position but opposite directions for advancing and receding. As shown in Figure 7 the balance of horizontal forces

• at the unit length of the contact line can be expressed by the following: where θadv and θrec are the advancing and receding CA, and are the pining force for advancing and receding, respectively. When a voltage V is applied, γsl(0) will decrease to γsl(V). Assuming that γlv, γsv, and the pinning

Measuring air layer volumes retained by submerged floating-ferns Salvinia and biomimetic superhydrophobic surfaces

• Matthias J. Mayser,
• Holger F. Bohn,
• Meike Reker and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 812–821, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.93

• perpendicular to the surface [33][34][35]. As special characteristic of S. molesta the topmost cells of its hairs lack the wax cover and are thereby hydrophilic while the remaining part is hydrophobic. The resulting pinning of the water to these hydrophilic tips 'Salvinia-effect' has been proven to increase the

Cyclic photochemical re-growth of gold nanoparticles: Overcoming the mask-erosion limit during reactive ion etching on the nanoscale

• Burcin Özdemir,
• Axel Seidenstücker,
• Alfred Plettl and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 886–894, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.100

• point of view, periodically arranged nanopillars would be highly desirable. This is related to the fact that suitably functionalized nanopillars may act as emitters of, e.g., electrons or photons or, alternatively, as scattering or pinning centers. In all these situations a periodicity of the pillars

Plasticity of nanocrystalline alloys with chemical order: on the strength and ductility of nanocrystalline Ni–Fe

• Jonathan Schäfer and
• Karsten Albe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 542–553, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.63

• that pinning by solutes inside the grains does not provide an additional barrier for dislocation motion. The stresses required for dislocation nucleation might, however, depend on the state and composition of the GBs. To test a potential effect on the macroscopic properties, we focus on the GB

Magnetic anisotropy of graphene quantum dots decorated with a ruthenium adatom

• Igor Beljakov,
• Velimir Meded,
• Franz Symalla,
• Karin Fink,
• Sam Shallcross and
• Wolfgang Wenzel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 441–445, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.51

• close to the edge, while the opposite is true for the zigzag edge. Additionally, in-plane pinning of the magnetization direction perpendicular to the edge itself is observed for the first time. Keywords: adsorbate; grapheme; graphene quantum dot; magnetic anisotropy; transition metal; Introduction

Electronic and transport properties of kinked graphene

• Jesper Toft Rasmussen,
• Tue Gunst,
• Peter Bøggild,
• Antti-Pekka Jauho and
• Mads Brandbyge

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2013, 4, 103–110, doi:10.3762/bjnano.4.12

• , decoration and pinning of the edges of other geometries such as “bubbles” or “blisters” is of interest, e.g., in order to produce GAL-like structures [7] without perforating the graphene sheet. Calculations have shown how the adsorption of hydrogen is correlated over a length scale involving several of the

Highly ordered ultralong magnetic nanowires wrapped in stacked graphene layers

• Abdel-Aziz El Mel,
• Jean-Luc Duvail,
• Eric Gautron,
• Wei Xu,
• Chang-Hwan Choi,
• Benoit Angleraud,
• Agnès Granier and
• Pierre-Yves Tessier

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 846–851, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.95

• thermal annealing (Table 1). The decrease in the coercive fields suggests that the surface of the nickel wire, i.e., the interface with the graphene shell, becomes very smooth after annealing since morphological defects favor pinning of the domain walls and, thus, result in higher coercivity [34]. The

Tuning the properties of magnetic thin films by interaction with periodic nanostructures

• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Felix Haering,
• Stefan Nau,
• Carsten Schulze,
• Herbert Schletter,
• Denys Makarov,
• Alfred Plettl,
• Karsten Kuepper,
• Manfred Albrecht,
• Johannes Boneberg and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 831–842, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.93

• tailor the magnetic domain sizes down to the width of an unperturbed domain wall in a continuous film, and moreover, we observe pinning and nucleation at or close to the imprinted defect structures. Keywords: colloidal lithography; magnetic data storage; magnetic nanostructures; percolated films

• exchange-coupled magnetic films with densely distributed pinning centers. In this case the magnetic stability is determined by the energy needed to dislodge a domain wall from its pinning site. The principle is illustrated in Figure 1. Domain walls are pinned at artificial defects imprinted by

• general limitation is that the degree of hexagonal order of PS spheres becomes worse for smaller particle sizes due to the broadening of the relative size distributions of the colloids. This effect, however, plays a minor role in the context of the present work, since domain wall pinning, nucleation, and

Controlled positioning of nanoparticles on a micrometer scale

• Fabian Enderle,
• Oliver Dubbers,
• Alfred Plettl and
• Paul Ziemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2012, 3, 773–777, doi:10.3762/bjnano.3.86

• magnetic media may be mentioned or “race track” arrangements, both relying on well-defined and positioned pinning sites for magnetic domain walls [5][6]. In a magnetic thin film, such pinning could be realized by local holes (“antidots”) leading immediately to quite a different application of NPs: using

Enhancement of the critical current density in FeO-coated MgB₂ thin films at high magnetic fields

• Andrei E. Surdu,
• Hussein H. Hamdeh,
• Imad A. Al-Omari,
• David J. Sellmyer,
• Alexei V. Socrovisciuc,
• Andrei A. Prepelita,
• Ezgi T. Koparan,
• Ekrem Yanmaz,
• Valery V. Ryazanov,
• Horst Hahn and
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 809–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.89

• ; magnesium diboride; nanoparticles; pinning; superconductivity; Introduction After the discovery of superconductivity in MgB2 [1], this material became attractive for researchers all over the world not only because of its special physical properties but also due to its possible technical applications. This

• a dramatic loss of the current-carrying abilities of this superconductor due to the weakening of the flux-line pinning with increasing magnetic field. The problem to be solved is how to increase the pinning force and to overcome the dramatic dropdown of the critical current in a strong external

• pinning centers should increase the pinning force due to the magnetic interaction between nanoparticles and vortices, which was calculated in [8]. Based on these calculations one can choose the appropriate diameter of nanoparticles to efficiently increase the magnetic pinning force. One more argument is

Effect of large mechanical stress on the magnetic properties of embedded Fe nanoparticles

• Srinivasa Saranu,
• Sören Selve,
• Ute Kaiser,
• Luyang Han,
• Ulf Wiedwald,
• Paul Ziemann and
• Ulrich Herr

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 268–275, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.31

• to an antiferromagnet [7][8]. This leads to an increase in the coercivity and additionally, to an exchange bias field, which may shift the magnetization curves along the field axis. This approach is similar to the method used for the pinning of the magnetization of the reference layer in spin valve

Superhydrophobicity in perfection: the outstanding properties of the lotus leaf

• Hans J. Ensikat,
• Petra Ditsche-Kuru,
• Christoph Neinhuis and
• Wilhelm Barthlott

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 152–161, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.19

• cause pinning of the drops. In contrast, advancing contact angles depend weakly on such irregularities. Thus, the adhesion data correlate better with receding contact angles and hysteresis and indicate the perfection and defects of superhydrophobic surfaces. Mechanical protection of the wax crystals by

• pinning of water. The efficiency of the protective properties can easily be tested by wiping across the leaf with the finger, which destroys only the wax on the papillae tips (Figure 8a, Figure 8b), but the leaves remained superhydrophobic. In the case of the non-papillose surface of a B. oleracea leaf

• ) Euphorbia myrsinites; (c) Brassica oleracea; (d) Yucca filamentosa. On the papillose leaves (a,b) the eroded areas are limited to the tips of the papillae. On non-papillose cells, the damaged areas can be much larger (c,d), causing stronger pinning of water droplets. Test for the stability of the waxes

Capillary origami: superhydrophobic ribbon surfaces and liquid marbles

• Glen McHale,
• Michael I. Newton,
• Neil J. Shirtcliffe and
• Nicasio R. Geraldi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2011, 2, 145–151, doi:10.3762/bjnano.2.18

• state may exist due to, e.g., pinning on sharp edges of features, but it is a metastable state. Here we have also only considered a simple model that assumes either a Wenzel state or a Cassie–Baxter state. However, surfaces with curvature can effectively have a combination of both Wenzel and Cassie