Alcohol-perturbed self-assembly of the tobacco mosaic virus coat protein

• Ismael Abu-Baker and
• Amy Szuchmacher Blum

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 355–362, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.30

• assembly of macromolecular components is well-established with many other systems, including lipids, synthetic polymers, and peptides, but has been the subject of few studies with virus-like particles [28][29][30][31]. Lauffer and Shalaby reported that glycine-based molecules promoted the polymerization of

Engineered titania nanomaterials in advanced clinical applications

• Padmavati Sahare,
• Paulina Govea Alvarez,
• Juan Manual Sanchez Yanez,
• Gabriel Luna-Bárcenas,
• Samik Chakraborty,
• Sujay Paul and
• Miriam Estevez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 201–218, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.15

• demonstrated enhanced osseointegration [58]. Additionally, drug release kinetics and duration from titania nanotubes (TNTs) can be controlled by modifying nanotube dimensions, surface chemistry, or by a polymer coating on the TNT implant surface through dip coating or plasma polymerization. Losic and co

Piezoelectric nanogenerator for bio-mechanical strain measurement

• Zafar Javed,
• Lybah Rafiq,
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer,
• Saqib Siddiqui,
• Muhammad Babar Ramzan,
• Muhammad Qamar Khan and
• Muhammad Salman Naeem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 192–200, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.14

• ]. Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), having a semi-crystalline structure, is generally synthesized through polymerization of vinylidene difluoride [20]. It generally has four crystalline phases, namely α, β, ε, and γ. Among them, the beta phase possesses the highest dipole movements, while the other phases are

A comprehensive review on electrospun nanohybrid membranes for wastewater treatment

• Senuri Kumarage,
• Imalka Munaweera and
• Nilwala Kottegoda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 137–159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.10

• membrane was then modified by a thin surface layer of polyamide (PA), which was obtained from interfacial polymerization of m-phenylenediamine (MPD) and 1,3,5-benzenetricarbonyl chloride (TMC). The membrane was used to separate soybean oil from distilled water. The content of NaOH and the thin polyamide

Sputtering onto liquids: a critical review

• Anastasiya Sergievskaya,
• Adrien Chauvin and
• Stephanos Konstantinidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 10–53, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.2

Morphology-driven gas sensing by fabricated fractals: A review

• Vishal Kamathe and
• Rupali Nagar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1187–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.88

• . using a solvothermal method, was reported [80]. Here, the authors discussed a five-stage growth process comprising polymerization, nucleation, primary growth, secondary growth, and final growth from single nanosheets to final dendritic structures. Figure 18a and Figure 18b show SEM images of

Use of nanosystems to improve the anticancer effects of curcumin

• Andrea M. Araya-Sibaja,
• Norma J. Salazar-López,
• Krissia Wilhelm Romero,
• José R. Vega-Baudrit,
• J. Abraham Domínguez-Avila,
• Carlos A. Velázquez Contreras,
• Ramón E. Robles-Zepeda,
• Mirtha Navarro-Hoyos and
• Gustavo A. González-Aguilar

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1047–1062, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.78

• of surfactants and biocompatible lipids that are solid at ambient temperature, which allows them to immobilize drugs and prevent the polymerization of particles within their matrix. Nanostructured lipid carriers have increased drug-loading capacity, as compared to the first generation of lipid-based

An overview of microneedle applications, materials, and fabrication methods

• Zahra Faraji Rad,
• Philip D. Prewett and
• Graham J. Davies

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1034–1046, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.77

• methods has been constrained by the limitations and high cost of microfabrication technology. Additive manufacturing processes such as 3D printing and two-photon polymerization fabrication are promising transformative technologies developed in recent years. The present article provides an overview of

• microelectromechanical systems. Alternative manufacturing processes, such as 3D printing and two-photon polymerization (TPP), are promising new transformative technologies developed in recent years. These additive manufacturing methods use layer-by-layer processing to create 3D structures. Unlike other microfabrication

• injection moulding [61], wet chemical etching [75], reactive ion etching [2][76], hot embossing [4][5], laser drilling [77], lithography plus electroforming [78][79], drawing lithography [80][81], two-photon polymerization [5][82], and 3D printing [83][84]. To date, DRIE of silicon; micromoulding

Is the Ne operation of the helium ion microscope suitable for electron backscatter diffraction sample preparation?

• Annalena Wolff

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 965–983, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.73

• interaction types is illustrated in Figure 1. The ions, irrespective of the ion species, interact with the sample atoms via nuclear and electronic interactions. The electronic interactions lead to secondary electron emission and polymerization while the nuclear interactions lead to sputtering, sample atom

Comprehensive review on ultrasound-responsive theranostic nanomaterials: mechanisms, structures and medical applications

• Sepand Tehrani Fateh,
• Lida Moradi,
• Elmira Kohan,
• Michael R. Hamblin and
• Amin Shiralizadeh Dezfuli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 808–862, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.64

The impact of molecular tumor profiling on the design strategies for targeting myeloid leukemia and EGFR/CD44-positive solid tumors

• Nikola Geskovski,
• Nadica Matevska-Geshkovska,
• Simona Dimchevska Sazdovska,
• Marija Glavas Dodov,
• Kristina Mladenovska and
• Katerina Goracinova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 375–401, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.31

• synthesis of nucleic acids required for DNA replication, while taxanes and vinca alkaloids interfere with the polymerization/depolymerization of the microtubules thus inhibiting mitosis [8]. However, in addition to cancer cells, all of these drugs also affect the normal/healthy tissues with cells that

Differences in surface chemistry of iron oxide nanoparticles result in different routes of internalization

• Barbora Svitkova,
• Vlasta Zavisova,
• Veronika Nemethova,
• Martina Koneracka,
• Miroslava Kretova,
• Filip Razga,
• Monika Ursinyova and
• Alena Gabelova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 270–281, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.22

• initiated by the polymerization of clathrin units resulting in the assembly of a basket-like structure (clathrin-coated pit) with a size of 120–150 nm at the inner layer of the plasma membrane [11]. An alternative endocytosis pathway is caveolin-mediated endocytosis (CavME), the second most important route

• exposure of cells to surface-modified MNPs and Noc affect substantially the cell proliferation and morphology. Noc affects microtubule formation, thus interfering with cytoskeleton structure and mitosis, leading to cell cycle arrest in G2/M [26]. As MNPs interfere with tubulin polymerization as well [27

The nanomorphology of cell surfaces of adhered osteoblasts

• Christian Voelkner,
• Mirco Wendt,
• Regina Lange,
• Max Ulbrich,
• Martina Gruening,
• Susanne Staehlke,
• Barbara Nebe,
• Ingo Barke and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 242–256, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.20

• migration for many mammalian cell types [12][13]. Migrating and spreading cells form flat, actin-supported, organelle-free regions, referred to as lamellipodia, and other features that may expand their attachment area [14]. A physical coupling of adhesion molecules to the actin polymerization machinery has

• (effective treatment time to initiate plasma polymerization of allylamine). For Au coating a sputter coater (Cressington 108 auto/SE, UK) was used. The sputter parameters were Ar pressure: 0.06 mbar, sputter current: 30 mA, time: 60 s, and distance between sample and target: 55 mm. The thickness of the

Unravelling the interfacial interaction in mesoporous SiO₂@nickel phyllosilicate/TiO₂ core–shell nanostructures for photocatalytic activity

• Bridget K. Mutuma,
• Xiluva Mathebula,
• Isaac Nongwe,
• Bonakele P. Mtolo,
• Boitumelo J. Matsoso,
• Rudolph Erasmus,
• Zikhona Tetana and
• Neil J. Coville

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1834–1846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.165

• °C, urea hydrolysis took place reducing the nickel precursor to nickel species, which diffused into the silica layers through the mesoporous shell. The nickel species reacted with the surface hydroxides to give nickel phyllosilicate via a Ni–O–Si polymerization reaction. TiO2 (dTiO2 = 30 ± 9 nm) was

Out-of-plane surface patterning by subsurface processing of polymer substrates with focused ion beams

• Serguei Chiriaev,
• Luciana Tavares,
• Vadzim Adashkevich,
• Arkadiusz J. Goszczak and
• Horst-Günter Rubahn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1693–1703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.151

• mineral-organic polymer (its structure includes both carbon and silicon atoms). It is an elastomer and its elasticity can be tuned within a very broad range by changing the degree and the type of polymerization and by post-curing treatments [19][20]. The high and easily tunable elasticity, combined with

Adsorption and self-assembly of porphyrins on ultrathin CoO films on Ir(100)

• Feifei Xiang,
• Tobias Schmitt,
• Marco Raschmann and
• M. Alexander Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1516–1524, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.134

• surfaces. It was shown that free-base (2H) or metalated DPP molecules assemble in two-dimensional or linear structures on metal surfaces [22][23] and that on-surface dehydrogenative polymerization reactions may be induced [24]. DPP molecules interact via the phenyl rings and the molecular macrocycle. In

Growth of a self-assembled monolayer decoupled from the substrate: nucleation on-command using buffer layers

• Robby Reynaerts,
• Kunal S. Mali and
• Steven De Feyter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1291–1302, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.113

• controlled electrochemical polymerization of thiophene to produce polythiophene nanowires with tunable lengths [36][37]. In the context of their use for controlling surface architectures, insertion of the buffer layers between the assembling moiety and the solid substrate affects the assembly process via the

Gas sorption porosimetry for the evaluation of hard carbons as anodes for Li- and Na-ion batteries

• Yuko Matsukawa,
• Fabian Linsenmann,
• Maximilian A. Plass,
• George Hasegawa,
• Katsuro Hayashi and
• Tim-Patrick Fellinger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1217–1229, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.106

• -lined autoclave for 24 h at different temperatures from 190 to 220 °C. After cooling down to room temperature, the autoclaves were opened and the black precursors were washed with around 2 L of water and then 1 L of ethanol to remove residuals of the polymerization by vacuum filtration. After drying the

High permittivity, breakdown strength, and energy storage density of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO₃ nanoparticles

• Adnanullah Khan,
• Amir Habib and
• Adeel Afzal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1190–1197, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.103

• . This article presents the synthesis of polythiophene-encapsulated BaTiO3 (BTO-PTh) nanoparticles via an in situ Cu(II)-catalyzed chemical oxidative polymerization of thiophene monomer on hydrothermally obtained tetragonal BTO nanocrystals. The formed core–shell-type BTO-PTh nanoparticles exhibit

• )-encapsulated BaTiO3 nanoparticles with a 9:1 mass ratio of BTO/PTh, and a facile method for the synthesis of inverted [11] core–shell-type BTO-PTh nanostructures, which yields a uniform PTh coating on the BTO surface. BTO-PTh nanoparticles are prepared by Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidative polymerization of PTh on the

• to dissolve and remove impurities and is dried in an oven at 120 °C. The obtained dried product is pulverized to get BTO nanoparticles. In the next step, core–shell BTO-PTh nanoparticles are synthesized via in situ chemical oxidative polymerization of thiophene on hydrothermally produced BTO

A 3D-polyphenylalanine network inside porous alumina: Synthesis and characterization of an inorganic–organic composite membrane

• Jonathan Stott and
• Jörg J. Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 938–951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.78

• Abstract Surface functionalization of porous materials allows for the introduction of additional functionality coupled with high mechanical stability of functionalized inner pores. Herein, we investigate the surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization (SI-ROP) of phenylalanine-N-carboxyanhydride (PA-NCA

• ; polyphenylalanine; porous alumina membranes; surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization (SI-ROP); Introduction Porous materials with functional surfaces are a topic of immense interest in science and technology. The high surface area and high mechanical stability of such materials allows for applications in

• applications. The most common route to graft polypeptides on surfaces is the surface-initiated ring-opening polymerization (SI-ROP) of α-aminoacid-N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs). Dense polypeptide films consisting of poly(γ-benzyl-ʟ-glutamate), polylysine or polyphenylalanine with thickness in the range between

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• charged sulfonic groups. The gel shell can be utilized for the accumulation of cationic species, e.g., the accumulation of a monomer followed by further polymerization [2][22]. Polystyrene-based gel-shell particles have been also used for the accumulation of silver ions followed by their reduction to

Multilayer capsules made of weak polyelectrolytes: a review on the preparation, functionalization and applications in drug delivery

• Varsha Sharma and
• Anandhakumar Sundaramurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 508–532, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.41

• components have been utilized to functionalize capsules in many ways. Hollow capsules of approximately 400 nm in size with negligible toxicity to cells were reported by the oxidative self-polymerization of dopamine solution onto silica particles [114]. The thickness of multilayer films is comparable to the

• LbL multistep technique and can be easily controlled by varying the polymerization time. This single-step technique resulted in a wall thickness similar to the LbL multistep technique and was applicable to other particles of different size and porosity. Because of the broad absorption and interesting

Poly(1-vinylimidazole) polyplexes as novel therapeutic gene carriers for lung cancer therapy

• Gayathri Kandasamy,
• Elena N. Danilovtseva,
• Vadim V. Annenkov and
• Uma Maheswari Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 354–369, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.26

• was obtained via the polymerization of a 30% ethanolic solution of 1-vinylimidazole in the presence of 2% (by monomer mass) of 2,2-azobis(isobutyronitrile) in argon atmosphere at 60 °C by Prof. Annenkov’s group and the polymer fraction with a molecular weight of 35,000 Da was used for the study

Interactions at the cell membrane and pathways of internalization of nano-sized materials for nanomedicine

• Valentina Francia,
• Daphne Montizaan and
• Anna Salvati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 338–353, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.25

• results. As an example of this, cytochalasin D, an inhibitor of actin polymerization [211], has often been used to test the involvement of macropinocytosis and phagocytosis in the uptake of nanomaterials. However, actin has been shown to be important also for other mechanisms, including clathrin-mediated

Using gold nanoparticles to detect single-nucleotide polymorphisms: toward liquid biopsy

• María Sanromán Iglesias and
• Marek Grzelczak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 263–284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.20

• to a conformational change, and stem separation (step 1), followed by polymerization reaction by the polymerase (step 2), forming biotin- and digoxin-attached duplex DNA (step 3). The process was further amplified through the next cycle (step 4). Overall, by the cyclic process, a large number of

• luminescence was recovered after adding target DNA, causing a conformational transition from hairpin to linear DNA. This opening initiated polymerization of DNA (Figure 11C), which in turn displaced previously hybridized target DNA (Figure 11D). In such a design, one target DNA strand could open many hairpin

• DNA strands, increasing the fluoresce signal. An additional increase of the fluorescence signal was achieved by the action of NEase that nicked an extended double helix strand, allowing for a subsequent polymerization process and displacement of the DNA trigger. The authors estimated that the presence