Nanomechanical humidity detection through porous alumina cantilevers

• Olga Boytsova,
• Alexey Klimenko,
• Vasiliy Lebedev,
• Alexey Lukashin and
• Andrey Eliseev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1332–1337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.137

• humidity sensitivity equal about 56 Hz/pg and about 100 Hz/%, respectively. The approach presented here for the design of anodic alumina cantilever arrays by the combination of anodic oxidation and photolithography enables easy control over porosity, surface area, geometric and mechanical characteristics

• through porosity”. One promising porous system exhibiting all the necessary characteristics is anodic aluminium oxide (AAO). Its huge surface area offers an enormous number of binding sites. The adsorption of chemicals on the surface of the cantilever manifests itself by the shift of the resonance

• methods by controlling the total electric quantity and assuming a current efficiency of 90% [12]. Thus, the proposed approach enables easy control over porosity, surface area, and geometric characteristics of cantilever arrays which provide wide opportunities for the design of micromechanical sensors with

Heterometal nanoparticles from Ru-based molecular clusters covalently anchored onto functionalized carbon nanotubes and nanofibers

• Deborah Vidick,
• Xiaoxing Ke,
• Michel Devillers,
• Claude Poleunis,
• Arnaud Delcorte,
• Pietro Moggi,
• Gustaaf Van Tendeloo and
• Sophie Hermans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1287–1297, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.133

• found that their average particle size follows the sequence of GNF < MWNT ≈ SWNT < AC, but the activity and selectivity are sensitive to other factors such as porosity and surface chemistry of the carbon support [21][22]. Finally, alternative preparation methods have also been reported, including

Growth and morphological analysis of segmented AuAg alloy nanowires created by pulsed electrodeposition in ion-track etched membranes

• Ina Schubert,
• Loic Burr,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Maria Eugenia Toimil-Molares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1272–1280, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.131

• corresponds to an effective electrode area of about 0.05 cm2 (ca. 10% porosity). For comparison, CVs were also recorded using a Au macroelectrode, having an electroactive area of 0.4 cm2. Morphological analysis was performed using a field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM) (Jeol JSM 7401 F). Energy

Tunable magnetism on the lateral mesoscale by post-processing of Co/Pt heterostructures

• Oleksandr V. Dobrovolskiy,
• Maksym Kompaniiets,
• Roland Sachser,
• Fabrizio Porrati,
• Christian Gspan,
• Harald Plank and
• Michael Huth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1082–1090, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.109

• dashed line in Figure 6a. The thickness of the Co layer in sample D was chosen such that, given the nano-porosity of the processed platinum, its atomic content per volume was set to be nearly equal to that in the processed Pt layer. In consequence of this, sample D is a nano-stripe where the formation of

From lithium to sodium: cell chemistry of room temperature sodium–air and sodium–sulfur batteries

• Philipp Adelhelm,
• Pascal Hartmann,
• Conrad L. Bender,
• Martin Busche,
• Christine Eufinger and
• Juergen Janek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1016–1055, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.105

Multiscale modeling of lithium ion batteries: thermal aspects

• Arnulf Latz and
• Jochen Zausch

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 987–1007, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.102

• porosity ε was set to 0.5 such that the capacity of each electrode is equal. The geometries are shown in Figure 1. The left and the right electrode are the anode and the cathode, respectively. They are connected to current collectors through which electrons enter. Note that although electrodes are equal

• basic particles are spherical and ellipsoidal, the porous electrode theory mimics the solid diffusion process always by a sphere of a certain radius. This radius r is related to the specific interface area a and the electrode porosity ε by a = 3ε/r. Here we chose the approach to determine a from the

Characterization of nanostructured ZnO thin films deposited through vacuum evaporation

• Jose Alberto Alvarado,
• Arturo Maldonado,
• Héctor Juarez,
• Mauricio Pacio and
• Rene Perez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 971–975, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.100

• appears in this spectrum is attributed to the porosity of this material and the spaces between the nanostructures; this is confirmed by the HRSEM images. Estimation of the optical band gap Ignoring the reflectivity, which is expected to be low, the coefficient α may be determined from the results of the

Applications of three-dimensional carbon nanotube networks

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Paola Castrucci,
• Francesco De Nicola,
• Ilaria Cacciotti,
• Francesca Nanni,
• Emanuela Gatto,
• Mariano Venanzi and
• Maurizio De Crescenzi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 792–798, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.82

• -sustaining assemblies that show high porosity [3], structural stability, and good electrical conductivity [4] are the best candidates for environmental applications such as filtration [5], separation [6], biological sensors [7], and oil-spill remediation [8] but also as mechanical actuators [9], catalytic

• networks consisting of randomly interconnected nanostructures. The bulk carbon nanostructures display a structural flexibility rarely observed in other high-porosity materials, e.g., bulk carbon aerogels [12] or aligned CNT arrays [3]. The pristine CNT-sponges are super-hydrophobic (i.e., a water contact

• -ultraviolet range. Results and Discussion The produced CNT-sponges are light and porous, and can be cut into pieces of the desired size as shown in Figure 1. The micro-porosity of the synthesized material is responsible for its very low density of about 15 mg/cm3 and its good conductivity (electrical

Palladium nanoparticles anchored to anatase TiO₂ for enhanced surface plasmon resonance-stimulated, visible-light-driven photocatalytic activity

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Hong Ye Chu,
• Shaliza Ibrahim and
• Pichiah Saravanan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 428–437, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.43

• analyzed with a TriStar II 3020 (Micrometrics®, USA) surface area and porosity system. Prior to the analysis, the samples were degassed at 150 °C for 5 h under nitrogen atmosphere. X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS) were obtained with Axis Ultra DLD instrument of Kratos by using monochromatic Al Kα

Nanoporous Ge thin film production combining Ge sputtering and dopant implantation

• Jacques Perrin Toinin,
• Alain Portavoce,
• Khalid Hoummada,
• Michaël Texier,
• Maxime Bertoglio,
• Sandrine Bernardini,
• Marco Abbarchi and
• Lee Chow

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 336–342, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.32

•  4.3) shows the porosity enlargement of the porous structure compared to lower TB (Figure 4.2). In addition to the implantation-induced defects identified in plan-view observations, cross-sectional observations show the existence of cavities at the Ge/SiO2 interface (Figure 4.1 and 4.2). These cavities

Oxygen-plasma-modified biomimetic nanofibrous scaffolds for enhanced compatibility of cardiovascular implants

• Anna Maria Pappa,
• Varvara Karagkiozaki,
• Silke Krol,
• Spyros Kassavetis,
• Dimitris Konstantinou,
• Charalampos Pitsalidis,
• Lazaros Tzounis,
• Nikos Pliatsikas and
• Stergios Logothetidis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 254–262, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.24

• powerful tool to control cell affinity and adhesion. Moreover, their high surface area to volume ratio, porosity and biodegradability favor cellular interactions, making them ideal candidates for polymer scaffolds [16]. As it is well known, the ideal scaffold should possess good bulk properties in terms of

• composition of the surface without affecting its bulk properties. Overall, PCL nanofibrous scaffolds with morphological features that mimic the ECM, and adequate porosity as well as surface hydrophilicity, were successfully fabricated by the electrospinning method. In order to make the scaffold more

Manganese oxide phases and morphologies: A study on calcination temperature and atmospheric dependence

• Matthias Augustin,
• Daniela Fenske,
• Ingo Bardenhagen,
• Anne Westphal,
• Martin Knipper,
• Thorsten Plaggenborg,
• Joanna Kolny-Olesiak and
• Jürgen Parisi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 47–59, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.6

• concentration of holes with diameters of up to 20 nm, rather than individual nanoparticles. This manner of porosity for α-Mn2O3 was also confirmed by N2 adsorption–desorption measurements (see Figure 8). Mesoporosity in hexagonally shaped α-Mn2O3 particles and circular Mn2O3 discs obtained by calcination at

• -Mn2O3 is another argument for the porosity of these particles, as the pore walls in this case represent boundaries of the crystalline domains. Because these domains are regarded as Scherrer crystallites, we conclude that the obtained sizes are the mean distances between the pores as well as the minimum

• diameter of the α-Mn2O3 particles. From the isotherms recorded during N2 adsorption–desorption measurements (see Figure 8a) specific BET surface areas of 302, 30 and 20 m2/g were calculated for the Mn3O4, Mn5O8 and α-Mn2O3 samples, respectively. The porosity of the α-Mn2O3 particles observed in the TEM

Gas sensing properties of nanocrystalline diamond at room temperature

• Marina Davydova,
• Pavel Kulha,
• Alexandr Laposa,
• Karel Hruska,
• Pavel Demo and
• Alexander Kromka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2339–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.243

• ) [13]. Furthermore, clear evidence of the integrator property of H-terminated NCD sensors was also demonstrated by the staircase-like increase of the sensor resistance (sensor response). In our previous work, the morphology (porosity) of the diamond film was adjusted via seeding and/or growth time [9

• prepared with a separation of 50 or 200 μm. The second sensor was a commercially available product and consisted of a built-in micro-heater, a platinum temperature sensor, and a pair of interdigitated electrodes of 15 μm width. Based on our previous study where the morphology (i.e., the porosity) of a

Localized surface plasmon resonances in nanostructures to enhance nonlinear vibrational spectroscopies: towards an astonishing molecular sensitivity

• Dan Lis and
• Francesca Cecchet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2275–2292, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.237

• silver grating [68]. 4.2 Surface enhancement from porosity In 2005, Mattei et al. observed a SFG enhancement by tuning the optical properties of silicon layers through porosity [69]. While this work does not strictly rely on plasmon excitation, tuning the electronic and optical properties of matter

• through morphology is an interesting alternative that, under some conditions, can lead to enhancement of the electromagnetic field at the interface. Indeed, the authors successfully amplified the SFG signal of the H-terminated porous silicon surfaces (with increasing porosity). Although they did not

• microcavity, made of alternating silicon layers of low and high porosity. From calculations and experiments, they predicted and verified the possibility to enhance the SFG signal up to one order of magnitude for adequate incident and SFG propagation directions. Lastly, the authors also predicted that an even

Hybrid spin-crossover nanostructures

• Carlos M. Quintero,
• Gautier Félix,
• Iurii Suleimanov,
• José Sánchez Costa,
• Gábor Molnár,
• Lionel Salmon,
• William Nicolazzi and
• Azzedine Bousseksou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2230–2239, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.232

• polymer [Fe(Htrz)2(trz)](BF4) (Htrz = 1,2,4-triazole and trz = 1,2,4-triazolato), known to show a memory effect above room temperature [22], and SiO2 shell grown around it. The use of silica is of great interest because of its high porosity and the possibility of grafting other functionalities onto its

Rapid degradation of zinc oxide nanoparticles by phosphate ions

• Rudolf Herrmann,
• F. Javier García-García and
• Armin Reller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2007–2015, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.209

• certain intrinsic porosity, which allows water and oxygen to pass at a limited rate (the diffusion coefficient of water being ten times lower than for unhindered diffusion [36]). Only silica layers with a thickness of about 100 nm or more were expected to be completely impenetrable for water and oxygen

Carbon nano-onions (multi-layer fullerenes): chemistry and applications

• Juergen Bartelmess and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1980–1998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.207

• the pure CNO material) to 334 F·g−1 (for the RuO2·H2O–CNO composite material). Another strategy to increase the CNO capacitance is the activation of the CNO surface by treatment with 6 M KOH, creating porosity in the outer shells of the CNOs (Figure 8) [60]. The activated CNOs show largely improved

The surface properties of nanoparticles determine the agglomeration state and the size of the particles under physiological conditions

• Christoph Bantz,
• Olga Koshkina,
• Thomas Lang,
• Hans-Joachim Galla,
• C. James Kirkpatrick,
• Roland H. Stauber and
• Michael Maskos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1774–1786, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.188

• impact with defined colloidal properties [5][6][7]. There is a multitude of crucial NP properties that could be addressed in such a characterization, for example, size, size distribution, shape, crystal structure, chemical composition, surface area, functional groups, charge or porosity [8]. However

• broad size distributions. Due to the differences in the preparation procedures, the three silica particle types exhibit different properties beyond the realizable particle size and particle size distribution, for example, with respect to density and surface porosity [54][56][58][59]. Silica

Nanoporous composites prepared by a combination of SBA-15 with Mg–Al mixed oxides. Water vapor sorption properties

• Amaury Pérez-Verdejo,
• Alvaro Sampieri,
• Heriberto Pfeiffer,
• Mayra Ruiz-Reyes,
• Juana-Deisy Santamaría and
• Geolar Fetter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1226–1234, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.136

• particular suitability of these materials as target materials depends on their composition, micro or nanostructure, porosity, acid-base character or biocompatibility [1]. The synthesis of nanocomposites can be achieved in a variety of different ways, such as nanocasting or self-assembling templates [2][3

• porosity or the surface area and the particle size. SBA-15 and MCM-41 have also been successfully used as hosts to incorporate hydroxyapatite nanocrystals to obtain active composites acting as efficient fluoride adsorbents from contaminated water [8]. Furthermore, the in situ SBA-15, previously modified

Functionalized nanostructures for enhanced photocatalytic performance under solar light

• Liejin Guo,
• Dengwei Jing,
• Maochang Liu,
• Yubin Chen,
• Shaohua Shen,
• Jinwen Shi and
• Kai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 994–1004, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.113

• first reports on mesoporous silica MCM-41 [9], inorganic oxides with controlled porosity have been extensively investigated. It is known that mesoporous photocatalysts usually exhibit high specific surface areas that can provide more surface reactive sites. The nanoscale channel walls of mesoporous

Optical modeling-assisted characterization of dye-sensitized solar cells using TiO₂ nanotube arrays as photoanodes

• Jung-Ho Yun,
• Il Ku Kim,
• Yun Hau Ng,
• Lianzhou Wang and
• Rose Amal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 895–902, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.102

• efficiency by promoting light scattering [3][4][5]. In addition, the electron transport or recombination rate could be influenced by physical properties such as porosity, morphology, crystallinity, and uniformity of the TiO2 structure [6][7][8][9]. TiO2 photoelectrode candidate materials with different

Biocalcite, a multifunctional inorganic polymer: Building block for calcareous sponge spicules and bioseed for the synthesis of calcium phosphate-based bone

• Xiaohong Wang,
• Heinz C. Schröder and
• Werner E. G. Müller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 610–621, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.72

• scaffold must possess the inorganic/organic 3D structure of bone and an appropriate porosity [69] that allows the ingrowth of cells and an efficient transport of cytokines, growth factors, and nutrients. To avoid necrosis within larger implants, a suitable scaffold must also allow an efficient

Modeling and optimization of atomic layer deposition processes on vertically aligned carbon nanotubes

• Nuri Yazdani,
• Vipin Chawla,
• Eve Edwards,
• Vanessa Wood,
• Hyung Gyu Park and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 234–244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.25

• penetration depth valid for any porous topology with high aspect ratio provided that the reactive sticking is close to one (Γ ≈ 1). It only requires the determination of (1) an effective diffusion coefficient related to the porosity, constrictivity, and tortuosity of the porous medium and of (2) the surface

Fabrication of carbon nanomembranes by helium ion beam lithography

• Xianghui Zhang,
• Henning Vieker,
• André Beyer and
• Armin Gölzhäuser

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 188–194, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.20

• CNMs is the irradiation-induced cross-linking of aromatic self-assembled monolayers (SAMs), which allows for creating a variety of functional nanomembranes by using different molecular precursors as building blocks [2]. The properties of CNMs, such as stiffness, chemical functionality and porosity, can

Design criteria for stable Pt/C fuel cell catalysts

• Josef C. Meier,
• Carolina Galeano,
• Ioannis Katsounaros,
• Jonathon Witte,
• Hans J. Bongard,
• Angel A. Topalov,
• Claudio Baldizzone,
• Stefano Mezzavilla,
• Ferdi Schüth and
• Karl J. J. Mayrhofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 44–67, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.5

• ]. In this context, the ability of platinum to catalyze the oxidation of carbon was suggested to play a decisive role [50][53]. Finally, severe carbon corrosion can lead to a loss of the structural integrity of the catalyst layer, which reduces the porosity and thus can result, besides triggering the