Interfacial charge transfer processes in 2D and 3D semiconducting hybrid perovskites: azobenzene as photoswitchable ligand

• Nicole Fillafer,
• Tobias Seewald,
• Lukas Schmidt-Mende and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 466–479, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.38

• prohibits the photoswitching of the integrated molecules (Figure 7). Because, the relative energy levels are not changed depending on the positioning of the azobenzene, it cannot be excluded that charge transfer takes place in the 2D LHPs as well. However, this transfer definitely does not lead to

Implementation of data-cube pump–probe KPFM on organic solar cells

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Olivier Bardagot and
• Renaud Demadrille

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 323–337, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.24

• of images while keeping exactly the same tip–sample relative positioning because of thermal drift and piezo creep. To avoid lateral misalignment artefacts, a better option is to record a matrix of spectroscopic curves of the pp-KPFM signal on a 2D grid. In this work, we explore the performance of

Rational design of block copolymer self-assemblies in photodynamic therapy

• Maxime Demazeau,
• Laure Gibot,
• Anne-Françoise Mingotaud,
• Patricia Vicendo,
• Clément Roux and
• Barbara Lonetti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 180–212, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.15

• )degradation or dissociation), the affinity to the PS and its loading and positioning inside the vector, and the possibility to introduce stimuli-responsive groups (enabling appropriate release). Similarly, the molecular weight of the polymer will have an impact on the crystallinity, the vector morphology, its

• group was shown to be cleaved by azoreductase under hypoxic conditions [149], the observed stronger cellular penetration [75] was explained by a de-PEGylation of the vector upon contact with the hypoxic tissues. PS positioning Since PDT relies on the local production of ROS to kill the diseased cells

Nonclassical dynamic modeling of nano/microparticles during nanomanipulation processes

• Moharam Habibnejad Korayem,
• Ali Asghar Farid and
• Rouzbeh Nouhi Hefzabad

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 147–166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.13

• of the classical method on polystyrene nanorods. The results for cylindrical gold nanoparticles indicate that the material length scale has a major effect on the exact positioning of cylindrical nanoparticles. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; modified couple stress theory; nanomanipulation

Deterministic placement of ultra-bright near-infrared color centers in arrays of silicon carbide micropillars

• Stefania Castelletto,
• Abdul Salam Al Atem,
• Faraz Ahmed Inam,
• Hans Jürgen von Bardeleben,
• Sophie Hameau,
• Ahmed Fahad Almutairi,
• Gérard Guillot,
• Shin-ichiro Sato,
• Alberto Boretti and
• Jean Marie Bluet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2383–2395, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.229

• optimization of the photonic structure, from quality and quantity of color centers, over unit-specific surface area as well as unit volume, to the size, shape and relative positioning of the micropillars, will be needed for specific applications. (a–d) Fabrication steps to obtain the 4H-SiC micropillars. (e–h

Stationary beam full-field transmission helium ion microscopy using sub-50 keV He⁺: Projected images and intensity patterns

• Michael Mousley,
• Santhana Eswara,
• Olivier De Castro,
• Olivier Bouton,
• Nico Klingner,
• Christoph T. Koch,
• Gregor Hlawacek and
• Tom Wirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1648–1657, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.160

• sets of XY parallel plate deflectors in the THIM. The first two sets are after the first lens, and these are used to correct the shift and tilt when positioning the beam onto the center of the second lens. A final set of deflectors is after the sample, which were used to control the position of the

Experimental study of an evanescent-field biosensor based on 1D photonic bandgap structures

• Jad Sabek,
• Francisco Javier Díaz-Fernández,
• Luis Torrijos-Morán,
• Zeneida Díaz-Betancor,
• Ángel Maquieira,
• María-José Bañuls,
• Elena Pinilla-Cienfuegos and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 967–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.97

• (i.e., ca. 10 points per period of the PBG structure). The whole system (photonic chip, input fiber and SNOM tip) can be previsualized with an optical microscope used to obtain a proper alignment of the input fiber as well as an accurate positioning of the SNOM probe. Finite-Difference time-domain

Nanoscale optical and structural characterisation of silk

• Meguya Ryu,
• Reo Honda,
• Adrian Cernescu,
• Arturas Vailionis,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Jitraporn Vongsvivut,
• Jing-Liang Li,
• Denver P. Linklater,
• Elena P. Ivanova,
• Vygantas Mizeikis,
• Mark J. Tobin,
• Junko Morikawa and
• Saulius Juodkazis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 922–929, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.93

• . Spectral positioning of the absorption peak and dispersion line shapes corresponded to the expected Lorentzian behavior of a damped oscillator. Next, direct absorbance and orientation mapping [22] through a 100 nm thick silk slice was demonstrated using synchrotron IR radiation (Figure 6). By measuring the

Capillary force-induced superlattice variation atop a nanometer-wide graphene flake and its moiré origin studied by STM

• Loji K. Thomas and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 804–810, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.80

• potential for applications [14][15]. Many applications using graphene requires its electronic structure to be modified at the nanoscale. Positioning the top layer of a layered material at different orientations about the c-axis could produce different electronic surface profiles for the material [16]. Since

Intuitive human interface to a scanning tunnelling microscope: observation of parity oscillations for a single atomic chain

• Sumit Tewari,
• Jacob Bakermans,
• Christian Wagner,
• Federica Galli and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 337–348, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.33

• show the beginning operation, which includes the tip height matching and positioning of the tip behind the adatom as explained in section “Point contact pushing”. After this, the tip is moved forward (keeping Z constant) in feedback-off state towards the adatom. Next, a lateral jump to contact happens

• positioning (energetically favourable) of the adatoms with reference to the surface lattice. (a, c, e) show the STM images with the topography colour scale tuned to show a smaller apparent size of the adatoms ‘A’, ‘B’ or ‘C’. The scale bar in the bottom-right corner is 1 nm. The other three panels (b, d, f

Pull-off and friction forces of micropatterned elastomers on soft substrates: the effects of pattern length scale and stiffness

• Peter van Assenbergh,
• Marike Fokker,
• Julian Langowski,
• Jan van Esch,
• Marleen Kamperman and
• Dimitra Dodou

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 79–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.8

Colloidal chemistry with patchy silica nanoparticles

• Pierre-Etienne Rouet,
• Cyril Chomette,
• Laurent Adumeau,
• Etienne Duguet and
• Serge Ravaine

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2989–2998, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.278

• , particles with heterogeneously surface regions in specific positions [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Bonding between particles occurs through patch–patch interactions so that the positioning of the patches can endow particles with valence. Patchy particles with various patch motifs were produced by taking benefit

The effect of flexible joint-like elements on the adhesive performance of nature-inspired bent mushroom-like fibers

• Elliot Geikowsky,
• Serdar Gorumlu and
• Burak Aksak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2893–2905, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.268

• LDP experiments were performed using a custom setup. This setup is comprised of an inverted microscope (Eclipse MA-100, Nikon) equipped with a manual x–y-positioning stage (9067-XY, Newport Corp.). Two goniometers (M-GON40-L, Newport Corp.) are located on the x–y-positioning stage, which control roll

• more detailed description about the fabrication process can be found in the work of Gorumlu et al. [36], some key steps are summarized here. The first step in the fabrication process of bent fibers is the positioning and alignment of an acrylic peg with an array of vertically aligned fibers on the

• lay out of the set-up: 1. Motorized stage to control perpendicular to the surface movement; 2. Goniometric rotation stages to control alignment of the system; 3. Manual linear translational stages for coarse positioning; 4. Inverted microscope stage; 5. Target surface made from a glass slide; 6

Charged particle single nanometre manufacturing

• Philip D. Prewett,
• Cornelis W. Hagen,
• Claudia Lenk,
• Steve Lenk,
• Marcus Kaestner,
• Tzvetan Ivanov,
• Ahmad Ahmad,
• Ivo W. Rangelow,
• Xiaoqing Shi,
• Stuart A. Boden,
• Alex P. G. Robinson,
• Dongxu Yang,
• Sangeetha Hari,
• Marijke Scotuzzi and
• Ejaz Huq

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2855–2882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.266

Biomimetic surface structures in steel fabricated with femtosecond laser pulses: influence of laser rescanning on morphology and wettability

• Camilo Florian Baron,
• Alexandros Mimidis,
• Daniel Puerto,
• Evangelos Skoulas,
• Emmanuel Stratakis,
• Javier Solis and
• Jan Siegel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2802–2812, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.262

• (black square). Points plotted with CA values above 150° correspond to superhydrophobic surfaces that did not allow the positioning of the droplet (no CA could be measured in those cases). The top row of micrograph illustrates a time sequence of such a case, summarized in four stages: approaching

Two-dimensional semiconductors pave the way towards dopant-based quantum computing

• José Carlos Abadillo-Uriel,
• Belita Koiller and
• María José Calderón

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2668–2673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.249

• hybrid qubit [14], optical manipulation [15] and dipole coupling with electrons [16] or holes [17][18]. Here we propose an alternative that relies on two-dimensional (2D) semiconductor materials instead of bulk Si as host material. A precise positioning of donors on a surface may be simpler than in the

• bulk, because it only requires control over two coordinates, avoiding the z-component uncertainties, see Figure 1. More importantly, quite a few 2D materials present the conduction band minimum at the Γ point [19][20], naturally reducing the required donor positioning accuracy, as no oscillatory

• should reduce the technological demands on donor positioning. Conclusion The variability of binding energies as a function of the chemical composition, substrate and number of layers, opens up a wide range of possibilities for the potential use of 2D materials to host donors where electrons may serve as

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• . These values correspond to an intra-colloidal separation of = 1.4 μm or 1.07 × 102 nanoparticles in the focal volume approximated by a cylinder of volume πw2·2zR. The micro-jet positioning system has been introduced in our earlier studies [28][35]. A beam-steering system for the pre-pulse irradiation

• -pulse excitation with different sizes, shapes, or concentrations of nanoparticles. It is clearly shown that the controlled spatial positioning of the solution flow at the laser focus with appropriate delay time induces effective X-ray emission. Recently, similar experiments with narrowly focussed fs

• positioning system was used to find the maximum X-ray intensity [35]. The laser irradiates the solution film from the right side in these figures. The width of the solution film hit by the laser pulse at an incidence angle of θ = 60° is 2h ≈ 40 μm (shown in panel (a)). X-ray intensity at different positions

Nanoscale characterization of the temporary adhesive of the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus

• Ana S. Viana and
• Romana Santos

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2277–2286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.212

• 50 nm in diameter) [23]. Indeed, this dense meshwork of sea urchin footprints replicates the dense array of cell projections covering their tube foot disc surface [17] in the same way the loose meshwork observed in sea star footprints replicates the positioning of the secretory pores on their tube

• ×) illustrating the positioning of the moist adhesive footprint (indicated by the arrow) beneath the triangular-shaped AFM cantilever. Peak force tapping AFM (PFT-AFM) image (a) and height profile (b) of Paracentrotus lividus moist footprints at the edge of the adhesive material. Image obtained with a ScanAsyst

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• –Lambert law have been obtained, in contrast to previous related work on silicon microwires [32][33]. Our results provide the first step for rationally designed catalyst positioning using the underlying resonant properties of nanoscale photocatalysts, tunable simply by altering the shape, size or

• excitation wavelength. The extensive literature on such nanophotonic tuning makes this an exciting approach for lithography-free nanoscale control over catalyst positioning [34][35][36][37][38]. We have chosen vertical silicon nanowires as a model nanophotonic system because of their ease of fabrication

• catalytic materials with nanoscale control can be a very promising method for an easy and low-cost fabrication of efficient photo-electrodes. It provides a lot of flexibility on the materials involved and on the design of the final structure. Further research should be focused on improving the positioning

Recent highlights in nanoscale and mesoscale friction

• Andrea Vanossi,
• Dirk Dietzel,
• Andre Schirmeisen,
• Ernst Meyer,
• Rémy Pawlak,
• Thilo Glatzel,
• Marcin Kisiel,
• Shigeki Kawai and
• Nicola Manini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1995–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.190

• crystalline gold nanoparticles can be described by an effective scaling exponent of approximately half this value. This difference can be understood simply by considering how force cancellation effects become less effective for amorphous interfaces with irregular positioning of slider atoms [46]. While the

Defect formation in multiwalled carbon nanotubes under low-energy He and Ne ion irradiation

• Santhana Eswara,
• Jean-Nicolas Audinot,
• Brahime El Adib,
• Maël Guennou,
• Tom Wirtz and
• Patrick Philipp

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1951–1963, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.186

• -beam etching and takes changes in ion current during long-time irradiation into account. The scan mode with spot overlap was used for ion beam positioning, leading to a homogeneous irradiation of the sample. The experimental conditions are given in Table 2. Raman spectra Raman scattering measurements

Electrical characterization of single nanometer-wide Si fins in dense arrays

• Steven Folkersma,
• Janusz Bogdanowicz,
• Andreas Schulze,
• Paola Favia,
• Dirch H. Petersen,
• Ole Hansen,
• Henrik H. Henrichsen,
• Peter F. Nielsen,
• Lior Shiv and
• Wilfried Vandervorst

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1863–1867, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.178

• result both from a variation in the electrode positioning itself and from the exact location of the small electrical contact under the wider electrode. Additionally, using the widths measured with TEM and the relation Rfin = Rsfin × s/Wfin (using s = 8 µm), the inset of Figure 3b shows that all ten fins

Electrostatically actuated encased cantilevers

• Benoit X. E. Desbiolles,
• Gabriela Furlan,
• Adam M. Schwartzberg,
• Paul D. Ashby and
• Dominik Ziegler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1381–1389, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.130

• conductive sample [21][22] has been used as driving electrodes and Long et al. presented a designated cantilever holder to position an excitation electrode within few tens of micrometers on top of a regular cantilever [23]. However, accurate positioning in the confined space without perturbing the laser beam

Perfusion double-channel micropipette probes for oxygen flux mapping with single-cell resolution

• Yang Gao,
• Bin Li,
• Riju Singhal,
• Adam Fontecchio,
• Ben Pelleg,
• Zulfiya Orynbayeva,
• Yury Gogotsi and
• Gary Friedman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 850–860, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.79

• selected in all studies to have the most accurate result with relative tolerance set to 10−6. a) Illustration of the double-barrel perfusion-based single-cell respirometry probe. The cell culture or tissue dish is shown on top of an x–y–z positioning set-up. The inset (1) shows tubing for the inlet and

Towards the third dimension in direct electron beam writing of silver

• Katja Höflich,
• Jakub Mateusz Jurczyk,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Maximilian Götz,
• Luisa Berger,
• Carlos Guerra-Nuñez,
• Caspar Haverkamp,
• Iwona Szymanska and
• Ivo Utke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 842–849, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.78

• fully integrated custom-built gas-injection system (GIS). The GIS was designed for short molecule paths and chemical inertness to allow for the evaporation of highly reactive compounds with low vapor pressure. The GIS three-axis stage allowed for accurate positioning of the nozzle exit 200 µm above the