Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• . The contact profile for spatula 3 shows a zig-zag pattern, initial contact loss from tip tilting, followed by recovery from sliding and re-tilting, and finally a sharp drop due to tip slippage. Figure 13 shows snapshots of spatula 3 just before and after this tip slip event. Full animations of all

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• inductance impedes the necessary current dynamics, halting the propagation and causing the soliton to be annihilated. Consequently, the 2π phase slip, which signifies the soliton’s passage, only traverses the first half of the line (nodes 1 to 15), while the segment beyond the KICK remains entirely

• energy provides the necessary “kick” to complete the phase slip at node 16. This re-initiates the propagation, allowing the soliton to effectively re-form and travel down the rest of the line. Similarly to the low-inductance case, the soliton successfully traverses the entire line, and the system returns

• nodes. Immediately after, a new soliton is initiated from the right side (node 31) to test the reverse direction. The third panel reveals that this soliton is blocked; its propagation is halted at the diode, and the corresponding 2π phase slip is confined to nodes 17 through 31. The fourth panel

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• driving the coarse z-positioner with the Attocube ANC-300 control unit that provides the 60 V saw-tooth pulses to the piezo actuators. The stick–slip motion of the actuator under high-voltage saw-tooth pulses (≈50 nm/step) produces significant heating at the 10 mK stage. Under continuous operation, the

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• added to the bioinert cover slip of a “35 mm imaging dish with a polymer coverslip bottom and low walls” (Cat. No.: 80136, ibidi). After an incubation time of 10 min at room temperature to allow the mitochondria to settle on the coverslip, the excess medium was carefully removed. The imaging dish was

Bioinspired nanofilament coatings for scale reduction on steel

• Siad Dahir Ali,
• Mette Heidemann Rasmussen,
• Jacopo Catalano,
• Christian Husum Frederiksen and
• Tobias Weidner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 25–34, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.3

• interfaces, the flow velocity is assumed to be zero when modeling viscous drag, on super-hydrophobic surfaces the shear is reduced, leading to slip of the liquid across the surfaces and a non-zero flow velocity [26]. Flow at the material interface can hinder or prevent settling, nucleation, and growth of

Ultrablack color in velvet ant cuticle

• Vinicius Marques Lopez,
• Wencke Krings,
• Juliana Reis Machado,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Rhainer Guillermo-Ferreira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1554–1565, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.122

• purity, water-free, Carl Roth GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany) and covered with a glass slip. Following the method described in [10], we documented the samples using a Zeiss LSM 700 confocal laser scanning microscope (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Jena, Germany). Four stable solid-state lasers emitting

Functional morphology of cleaning devices in the damselfly Ischnura elegans (Odonata, Coenagrionidae)

• Silvana Piersanti,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Wencke Krings,
• Stanislav Gorb and
• Manuela Rebora

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1260–1272, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.102

• slip (Carl Roth GmbH & Co. KG, Karlsruhe, Germany) for ca. 2 h, we visualized them with the CLSM (Zeiss LSM 700, Carl Zeiss Microscopy, Jena, Germany). The CLSM was equipped with four lasers (laser lines: 405, 488, 555, and 639 nm) to excite the sample fluorescence subsequently. Four emission filters

Effects of cutting tool geometry on material removal of a gradient nanograined CoCrNi medium entropy alloy

• Yu-Sheng Lu,
• Yu-Xuan Hung,
• Thi-Xuyen Bui and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 925–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.76

• phase usually accompanies partial dislocations such as twin boundaries and stacking faults. The results show that the plastic deformation of GNG CoCrNi MEAs with small grain sizes is mainly dominated by grain boundary slip and grain rotation [37][38]. The grain boundary energy is higher between grains

• boundary interference. Therefore, only dislocation slip and twin boundary formation occur in grains of the sample in Figure 7c. The contact region between the chip and the cutting tool in the sample in Figure 7b has denser grain boundaries and stacking fault extrusions, which also explains why the von

• dislocation slip where the chips accumulate, which explains the significant accumulation of chip atoms at the tip of the tool. Cutting-edge radius Figure 11 shows the relationship between the cutting-edge radius and the cutting force during the cutting process. The RTS increases as the cutting-edge radius

The effect of age on the attachment ability of stick insects (Phasmatodea)

• Marie Grote,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Thies H. Büscher

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 867–883, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.72

• -Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) for 30 min to reduce surface tension and enable proper glycerin coating. Afterwards, samples were rinsed three times in glycerin and then fully submerged in glycerin and covered with a high-precision cover slip (Carl Zeiss Microscopy GmbH, Jena, Germany). Images were taken using a

Investigation on drag reduction on rotating blade surfaces with microtextures

• Qinsong Zhu,
• Chen Zhang,
• Fuhang Yu and
• Yan Xu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 833–853, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.70

• of lotus leaves [4]. A thin gas film captured by the superhydrophobic structure creates a slip interface between gas and liquid, which effectively improves the drag reduction and antifouling performance of lotus leaves [5]. However, the structures on biological surfaces are rather complex and not

• is, the inlet of the impeller was set as the velocity inlet with a value of 75 m/s; the outlet was set as the pressure outlet with the value of 101325 Pa. Periodic boundary conditions were applied on both sides of the flow domain, and the upper and lower walls were no-slip walls, as shown in Figure 4

Modification of graphene oxide and its effect on properties of natural rubber/graphene oxide nanocomposites

• Nghiem Thi Thuong,
• Le Dinh Quang,
• Vu Quoc Cuong,
• Cao Hong Ha,
• Nguyen Ba Lam and
• Seiichi Kawahara

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 168–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.16

• G' value of DPNR/GO could be explained by thin and large surface GO layers. The GO sheet could not withstand large shearing force, causing the rubber particles to slip. The high G' value of DPNR/GO-VTES(a) and DPNR/GO-VTES(b) may be due to hard silica particles, which may contribute to higher energy

Dry under water: air retaining properties of large-scale elastomer foils covered with mushroom-shaped surface microstructures

• Matthias Mail,
• Stefan Walheim,
• Thomas Schimmel,
• Wilhelm Barthlott,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Lars Heepe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1370–1379, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.113

• function for biomimetic air retaining surfaces is drag reduction. If an air layer is mounted between a solid surface and water flowing over this surface, the air layer serves as slip agent [26][27][28]. Such a drag reducing coverage allows significant friction reduction (up to 30%) in applications, where

Bending and punching characteristics of aluminum sheets using the quasi-continuum method

• Man-Ping Chang,
• Shang-Jui Lin and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.108

• oscillation exists in the curve from the punch contacts with the workpiece to the workpiece fracture. This oscillation expresses the stick–slip phenomenon, which commonly occurs in the atomic-scale friction [14][61][62]. The stick phenomenon is caused by the accumulation of atoms in front of the punch, and

• the adhesion force increases with an increase of the contact area between the punch and the workpiece. However, when the debris crumple, the slip phenomenon appears [61]. Besides, comparing the three crystal orientation curves, O1 shows a more stable curve during the loading process, while the O2 and

• orientation, the atoms slip along the [110] direction, which is parallel to the punching direction and thus has a relatively lower resistance during the punching process. Therefore, the stress–displacement curve of O1 presents a relatively stable appearance. By contrast, the atoms slip directions of O2 and O3

A cantilever-based, ultrahigh-vacuum, low-temperature scanning probe instrument for multidimensional scanning force microscopy

• Hao Liu,
• Zuned Ahmed,
• Sasa Vranjkovic,
• Manfred Parschau,
• Andrada-Oana Mandru and
• Hans J. Hug

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1120–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.95

• inside a z-positioning unit, permitting the approach of the tip to the sample. Typically, shear piezo stacks are activated with a triangular voltage-versus-time signal to obtain a stick–slip motion of the slider of the positioning unit. In most instruments, the shear piezo stacks are mounted on the

• to be sufficiently large to obtain a good mechanical rigidity of the slider while still permitting a stick–slip motion of the slider. In a cantilever-based AFM, the deflection sensor (here a cleaved fiber end) must be positioned relative to the cantilever. Scanning the cantilever tip would be

Nanoscale friction and wear of a polymer coated with graphene

• Robin Vacher and
• Astrid S. de Wijn

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 63–73, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.4

• load for two different tip sizes (radius of 50 and 100 Å) in Figure 11. We observe a regular stick–slip motion. The distance between sticks corresponds to one lattice period of graphene. We observe in Figure 10 that for the highest loads the frictional force increases during sliding. This may be due to

A review on slip boundary conditions at the nanoscale: recent development and applications

• Ruifei Wang,
• Jin Chai,
• Bobo Luo,
• Xiong Liu,
• Jianting Zhang,
• Min Wu,
• Mingdan Wei and
• Zhuanyue Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 1237–1251, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.91

• Development, Zhongyuan Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Puyang 457001, China 10.3762/bjnano.12.91 Abstract The slip boundary condition for nanoflows is a key component of nanohydrodynamics theory, and can play a significant role in the design and fabrication of nanofluidic devices. In this review, focused on the

• slip boundary conditions for nanoconfined liquid flows, we firstly summarize some basic concepts about slip length including its definition and categories. Then, the effects of different interfacial properties on slip length are analyzed. On strong hydrophilic surfaces, a negative slip length exists

• and varies with the external driving force. In addition, depending on whether there is a true slip length, the amplitude of surface roughness has different influences on the effective slip length. The composition of surface textures, including isotropic and anisotropic textures, can also affect the

Effects of temperature and repeat layer spacing on mechanical properties of graphene/polycrystalline copper nanolaminated composites under shear loading

• Chia-Wei Huang,
• Man-Ping Chang and
• Te-Hua Fang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 863–877, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.65

• material slip [36]. Shockley partial dislocations are formed by the separation of perfect dislocations [37]. The magnified image (M) in Figure 5d2 elucidates the formation of Shockley partial dislocations is according to the equation In addition, the relationship between the stair-rod dislocation and the

Recent progress in magnetic applications for micro- and nanorobots

• Ke Xu,
• Shuang Xu and
• Fanan Wei

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 744–755, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.58

• translation velocity was controlled by the rotation frequency and the pitch angle. The magnetic field enabled the FMSM to achieve a two-dimensional tumbling motion near the flat non-slip boundary. The magnetic gradient of the electromagnetic control system and the vertical magnetic force exerted on the FMSM

Bulk chemical composition contrast from attractive forces in AFM force spectroscopy

• Dorothee Silbernagl,
• Media Ghasem Zadeh Khorasani,
• Natalia Cano Murillo,
• Anna Maria Elert and
• Heinz Sturm

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 58–71, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.5

• its slip planes [39]. As expected, glass is the stiffest material and shows values of kr ≈ 0.95. Epoxy is softer/more compliant than glass with kr ≈ 0.85, overlapping with the mechanical characteristics of glass. Hence, the mechanical properties of epoxy and glass are similar, and a mechanical

Nanomechanics of few-layer materials: do individual layers slide upon folding?

• Ronaldo J. C. Batista,
• Rafael F. Dias,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Alan B. de Oliveira,
• Taise M. Manhabosco,
• Thiago R. Gomes-Silva,
• Matheus J. S. Matos,
• Andreij C. Gadelha,
• Cassiano Rabelo,
• Luiz G. L. Cançado,
• Ado Jorio,
• Hélio Chacham and
• Bernardo R. A. Neves

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1801–1808, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.162

• thickness range. In contrast, tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy measurements on edges in folded graphene flakes, 14 layers thick, show no significant strain. This indicates that layers in graphene flakes, up to 5 nm thick, can still slip to relieve stress, showing the richness of the effect in 2D systems. The

• layered materials as it determines the interlayer slip, which is the dominant mechanism to relieve stress at van der Waals interfaces, leading to phenomena such as the change from plate-like to membrane-like shapes in graphene, hBN, and MoS2 bubbles [12] or the circumferential faceting of multi-walled

• carbon nanotubes [13][14]. The interlayer slip is also intimately related to the dependence of κ on the thickness or the number of layers of a 2D material, which, in the case of very thin 2D materials, may be very different from that obtained from classical theories [12]. The quantification and

Superconductor–insulator transition in capacitively coupled superconducting nanowires

• Alex Latyshev,
• Andrew G. Semenov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1402–1408, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.124

• example, for possible realization of superconducting qubits [13]. Such effects were investigated theoretically [14] and observed experimentally [15][16]. Each quantum phase slip generates sound-like plasma modes [17] which propagate along the wire and interact with other QPSs. The exchange of such Mooij

Magnetohydrodynamic stagnation point on a Casson nanofluid flow over a radially stretching sheet

• Ganji Narender,
• Kamatam Govardhan and
• Gobburu Sreedhar Sarma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1303–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.114

• Makinde [27] investigated the effect of slip and convective boundary conditions on a MHD stagnation point flow, considering heat transfer due to a Casson nanofluid passing over a stretching sheet. Moreover, the flow analysis of nanofluids passing over radially stretched surfaces have many applications in

An atomic force microscope integrated with a helium ion microscope for correlative nanoscale characterization

• Santiago H. Andany,
• Gregor Hlawacek,
• Stefan Hummel,
• Charlène Brillard,
• Mustafa Kangül and
• Georg E. Fantner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1272–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.111

• relative to the sample and the ion beam, the AFM is mounted onto a coarse stage consisting of a custom-built XY stick–slip positioner, which in turn is attached to a vertical approach mechanism built around a linear, stick–slip piezo actuator (PicomotorTM 8301-UHV, Newport Corporation, CA, USA). The AFM

• ) and a stick–slip controller (8742-4 PicomotorTM drive, Newport Corporation). The AFM can operate in contact mode and in an off-resonance mode based on force–distance curves [24]. In this off-resonance mode, which we refer to as off-resonance tapping (ORT), the cantilever is moved sinusoidally up and

Effect of magnetic field, heat generation and absorption on nanofluid flow over a nonlinear stretching sheet

• Santoshi Misra and
• Govardhan Kamatam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 976–990, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.82

• given surface temperature and partial slip. The highly nonlinear governing equations are solved numerically using similarity transformations with suitable boundary conditions and converted to ordinary differential equations. A computational model is setup using FORTRAN, where a relevant Adam’s predictor

• slip conditions for the boundary layer flow to investigate the velocity, temperature and concentration changes with regard to various dimensionless parameters in the fluid flow under the influence of a magnetic field. Besthapu and Bandari [10] have analysed the heat and mass transfer rates using Casson

• slip, the present research incorporates the magnetic field effect and heat generation/absorption coefficient into the velocity, temperature and concentration profiles. Given that the end product is proportional to the heat transfer rate, the most frequent topic of boundary layer flow is the heat

High dynamic resistance elements based on a Josephson junction array

• Konstantin Yu. Arutyunov and
• Janne S. Lehtinen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 417–420, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.32

• field, the low current bias dynamic resistance can reach values of ≈1011 Ω. It was demonstrated that the system can provide a decent quality current biasing circuit, enabling the observation of Coulomb blockade and Bloch oscillations in ultra-narrow Ti nanowires associated with the quantum phase-slip

• effect. Keywords: dynamic resistance; Josephson junction array; nanoelectronics; quantum phase slip; superconductivity; Ti nanowires; Introduction The field of modern nanoelectronics is facing stagnation with respect to further miniaturization, deviating from Moore’s law [1]. Typically, two main reason

• ), including superconducting systems based on the Josephson effect. It has been shown that physics behind a Josephson junction (JJ) is dual to a quantum phase-slip junction (QPSJ) [3], whereby the corresponding QPSJ-based qbit operation has also been demonstrated [4]. At the same time, the quantum dynamics of