High-responsivity hybrid α-Ag₂S/Si photodetector prepared by pulsed laser ablation in liquid

• Raid A. Ismail,
• Hanan A. Rawdhan and
• Duha S. Ahmed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1596–1607, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.142

• vibration and silver material is expelled from the target surface in the form of a plasma plum. Thus, silver ions Ag+ and sulfur ions S2− are produced from silver target and thiourea solution, respectively. They form Ag2S NPs according to the following chemical reaction [21]: Figure 3 shows the XRD patterns

Cu₂O nanoparticles for the degradation of methyl parathion

• Juan Rizo,
• David Díaz,
• Benito Reyes-Trejo and
• M. Josefina Arellano-Jiménez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1546–1555, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.137

• + of CuO and the sulfur atom of MP [53]. Further research regarding this topic is in progress. Also, we were not able to quantify the amount of CuO in both samples (16 and 29 nm). However, they both contain CuO. Hence this is not the most probable cause for the small degradation difference between 16

Antimicrobial metal-based nanoparticles: a review on their synthesis, types and antimicrobial action

• Matías Guerrero Correa,
• Fernanda B. Martínez,
• Cristian Patiño Vidal,
• Camilo Streitt,
• Juan Escrig and
• Carol Lopez de Dicastillo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1450–1469, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.129

• can affect the expression of the ribosomal subunit that interacts with sulfur- and phosphorus-containing groups of proteins, even in the cell wall and plasma membrane bacteria [165][166]. Cui et al. (2012) showed that Au NPs prevented the combination of a ribosomal subunit with tRNA and collapsed the

Effect of localized helium ion irradiation on the performance of synthetic monolayer MoS₂ field-effect transistors

• Jakub Jadwiszczak,
• Pierce Maguire,
• Conor P. Cullen,
• Georg S. Duesberg and
• Hongzhou Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1329–1335, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.117

• improvement of both the carrier mobility in the transistor channel and the electrical conductance of the MoS2, due to doping with ion beam-created sulfur vacancies. Larger areal irradiations introduce a higher concentration of scattering centers, hampering the electrical performance of the device. In addition

• cm−2 [13][14][15][16][17], as well as good electrical conductivity for up to approx. 1018 ions cm−2 [9][10][18]. Sulfur vacancies (SVs) and the formation of a dislocation–divacancy complex can lead to significant n-doping in MoS2 [19], which shifts the threshold voltage (Vth) of the FET to higher

• helium ion microscope chamber (after initial electrical testing to confirm functionality) and were irradiated with the stage tilt angle set to 0°. At this angle of incidence, the helium ion beam ought to produce sulfur vacancies chiefly in the bottom sulfuric layer of the SiO2-supported MoS2 flake [34

Straightforward synthesis of gold nanoparticles by adding water to an engineered small dendrimer

• Sébastien Gottis,
• Régis Laurent,
• Vincent Collière and
• Anne-Marie Caminade

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1110–1118, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.95

• nanoparticle synthesis due to the reactivity of this linkage [37][38][39] and due to its ability to complex metals, especially gold(I), with the sulfur atom [40][41]. A recent theoretical work demonstrated that the highest occupied molecular orbital of a small dendrimer containing the P=N–P=S linkage is

• gold atom to the sulfur atom and thus the electron-withdrawing power of the sulfur towards phosphorus decreases [42]. This is consistent with the decrease observed for the 2JPP coupling constant upon complexation (Table 1). Synthesis of gold nanoparticles and UV–vis characterization The dissolution of

• performed in parallel with TEM. All the characteristic X-ray lines expected from the gold L and M series were observed when focusing on the gold nanoparticles (Figure 4A). The signals obtained from the background (close to the nanoparticles) showed phosphorus and sulfur atoms both coming from the dendrimers

Microwave-induced electric discharges on metal particles for the synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials under solvent-free conditions

• Vijay Tripathi,
• Harit Kumar,
• Anubhav Agarwal and
• Leela S. Panchakarla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1019–1025, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.86

• (2.54 GHz, power 700 W) and treated for periods of time between 5 s and 2 min. Arcs were generated in the activated metal, which evaporated the metal along with carbon. Carbon-coated metallic nanoparticles formed on the top lid of the reaction vessel. For synthesizing nanorods, sulfur was used as a

• growth promoter. Typically, a mixture of activated metal (100 mg), sulfur powder (25 mg) and g-C3N4 (50 mg) were added to a Teflon beaker and irradiated with microwaves. It is important to note that in the absence of carbon (graphite/g-C3N4), the arc synthesis yielded a mixture of metal and metal oxide

• . The average diameter of the nanorods is 100 nm and the length ranges from 2 to 3 µm. The formation of external amorphous fluorinated carbon nanotubes helps as a template in the formation of ZnF2 nanorods. It is well established that sulfur acts as a growth promoter for carbon nanotubes and carbon

Electromigration-induced directional steps towards the formation of single atomic Ag contacts

• Atasi Chatterjee,
• Christoph Tegenkamp and
• Herbert Pfnür

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 680–687, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.55

• Ag structures as they are quite susceptible to sulfur contamination under ambient conditions. UHV also provided an ultra-clean environment for point contact measurements. Two out of the four available tips were used for the EM measurements. The tips were pre-cooled by making electrical (and

Silver-decorated gel-shell nanobeads: physicochemical characterization and evaluation of antibacterial properties

• Marta Bartel,
• Katarzyna Markowska,
• Marcin Strawski,
• Krystyna Wolska and
• Maciej Mazur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 620–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.49

• layer producing silver nanoparticles but also transforms a fraction of sulfonic groups in the polymer to moieties with sulfur in a lower oxidation state, likely thiols. It is hypothesized that the generated thiol groups are anchoring the nanoparticles in the gel shell of the nanobeads stabilizing the

• silver nanoparticles are generated within the outer 7 nm gel shell of the particle while the polystyrene core is left intact. Next, the PSSAg nanobeads were studied with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The spectrum confirms the presence of silver and sulfur in the sample. Figure 5 shows the high

• , with respect to the overall amount of Ag). The S 2p signal reveals the presence of two non-equivalent types of sulfur atoms in the sample (the ratio of these two types of atoms is 1.2:1). The spin–orbit doublet (2p3/2/2p1/2) with a 2:1 intensity ratio and a binding energy splitting of 1.16 eV was used

DFT calculations of the structure and stability of copper clusters on MoS₂

• Cara-Lena Nies and
• Michael Nolan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 391–406, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.30

• are 5.4 eV for Cu, 4.2 eV for Ag and 4.5 eV for Au. The presence of a complete row of sulfur vacancies enhances the adsorption energy of the nanoparticles for all three metals, increasing it to 7.1 eV, 7.0 eV and 6.0 eV for Cu, Ag and Au, respectively. It also increases the charge transfer from the

• increases [2]. Experimental methods for controlling the formation of sulfur vacancies in the MoS2 monolayer have also been developed [33], and this would allow for the targeted use of S vacancies to enhance desired properties such as adsorption energy. In this study we aim to fill the gap in the literature

• site and do not have a strong effect on the strength of adsorption. Bader charge analyses of Cu atoms and adjacent Mo and S atoms are shown in Table 4, Table 5 and Table 6. It shows that Cu atoms that bind directly with multiple sulfur atoms on the MoS2 layer, for example at sites 2 and 3, are clearly

An advanced structural characterization of templated meso-macroporous carbon monoliths by small- and wide-angle scattering techniques

• Felix M. Badaczewski,
• Marc O. Loeh,
• Torben Pfaff,
• Dirk Wallacher,
• Daniel Clemens and
• Bernd M. Smarsly

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 310–322, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.23

• are potential candidates for lithium or lithium–sulfur battery systems, in which the carbon acts as a conductive matrix [41][42][43]. Other important features for this kind of applications are the connectivity and the accessibility of the pore network. The connection between large and small pores can

Size effects of graphene nanoplatelets on the properties of high-density polyethylene nanocomposites: morphological, thermal, electrical, and mechanical characterization

• Tuba Evgin,
• Alpaslan Turgut,
• Georges Hamaoui,
• Zdenko Spitalsky,
• Nicolas Horny,
• Matej Micusik,
• Mihai Chirtoc,
• Mehmet Sarikanat and
• Maria Omastova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 167–179, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.14

• contamination with sulfur was observed (0.3 atom %, S 2p at ≈164–169 eV). However, the small differences in the GnPs’ surfaces’ chemical composition did not affect the properties of the HDPE-based nanocomposites. The results of FTIR analysis are shown in Figure 3a (further details can be found in Figures S1–S7

Evaluation of click chemistry microarrays for immunosensing of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)

• Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Dadfar,
• Sylwia Sekula-Neuner,
• Vanessa Trouillet,
• Hui-Yu Liu,
• Ravi Kumar,
• Annie K. Powell and
• Michael Hirtz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2505–2515, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.241

• clear sulfur signal attributed to the thiol and a weak component at 168.0 eV probably due to the oxidation of some sulfur atoms (Figure 2d). The next steps (route 3 and 4) can be followed by the increase of the nitrogen content at the surface (Figure 2e and Figure 2f). The C 1s peak (Figure 2g

Mobility of charge carriers in self-assembled monolayers

• Zhihua Fu,
• Tatjana Ladnorg,
• Hartmut Gliemann,
• Alexander Welle,
• Asif Bashir,
• Michael Rohwerder,
• Qiang Zhang,
• Björn Schüpbach,
• Andreas Terfort and
• Christof Wöll

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2449–2458, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.235

• present paper is on charge transport between adjacent anthracene units for which other reliable data on bulk crystals are available. In the present study, we have used an anthracene unit to which a sulfur anchor atom is connected via a triple bond and another phenyl unit (see Figure 1e). The latter two

Air oxidation of sulfur mustard gas simulants using a pyrene-based metal–organic framework photocatalyst

• Ghada Ayoub,
• Mihails Arhangelskis,
• Xuan Zhang,
• Florencia Son,
• Timur Islamoglu,
• Tomislav Friščić and
• Omar K. Farha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2422–2427, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.232

• ; photocatalysis; singlet oxygen; sulfur mustard gas; Introduction Sulfur mustard gas also known as mustard gas, HD, or Yperite belongs to a class of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) known as vesicants, which have detrimental effects on humans, including the blistering of skin upon contact [1]. Even at a low dosage

• [2], this chemical can be fatal. Although in 1993 at the Chemical Weapon Convention (CWC) 192 nations signed an agreement to outlaw the production, stockpiling, and deployment of chemical weapons, sulfur mustard gas has continuously been used against civilians and soldiers over the past several

• decades [3], including as recently as 2018 in Syria [4][5][6][7]. Therefore, it is imperative to design and develop novel methods for the detoxification of sulfur mustard gas in stockpiles as well as in the battle field. There are several routes for the detoxification of sulfur mustard gas, including: 1

Design and facile synthesis of defect-rich C-MoS₂/rGO nanosheets for enhanced lithium–sulfur battery performance

• Chengxiang Tian,
• Juwei Wu,
• Zheng Ma,
• Bo Li,
• Pengcheng Li,
• Xiaotao Zu and
• Xia Xiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2251–2260, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.217

• composite with both large surface area and high porosity for the use as advanced electrode material in lithium–sulfur batteries. Double modified defect-rich MoS2 nanosheets are successfully prepared by introducing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and amorphous carbon. The conductibility of the cathodes can be

• improved through the combination of amorphous carbon and rGO, which could also limit the dissolution of polysulfides. After annealing at different temperatures, it is found that the C-MoS2/rGO-6-S composite annealed at 600 °C yields a noticeably enhanced performance of lithium–sulfur batteries, with a high

• construction of other high-performance metal disulfide electrodes for electrochemical energy storage. Keywords: annealing; double modification; high-performance electrodes; lithium–sulfur battery; molybdenum disulfide (MoS2); reduced graphene oxide (rGO); Introduction Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have

Nontoxic pyrite iron sulfide nanocrystals as second electron acceptor in PTB7:PC₇₁BM-based organic photovoltaic cells

• Olivia Amargós-Reyes,
• José-Luis Maldonado,
• Omar Martínez-Alvarez,
• María-Elena Nicho,
• José Santos-Cruz,
• Juan Nicasio-Collazo,
• Irving Caballero-Quintana and
• Concepción Arenas-Arrocena

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2238–2250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.216

• thickness) were purchased from Delta Technologies, poly(3,4-ethylene-dioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) (Clevios PVP AI 4083) was acquired from Heraeus and PTB7 and PC71BM from 1-Material Inc. FeS2 NCs were prepared using a two-pot method [48]. Iron(II) chloride (0.5 M) and sulfur (0.57 M

• ) precursors were used to obtain the FeS2 NCs. The iron precursor was dissolved with octadecylamine at 120 °C for 1 h under argon atmosphere. Sulfur was dissolved with diphenyl ether at 70 °C for 1 h under argon gas. Then sulfur/diphenyl ether solution was added to the iron-octadecylamine complex. The solution

Ultrathin Ni_1−xCo_xS₂ nanoflakes as high energy density electrode materials for asymmetric supercapacitors

• Xiaoxiang Wang,
• Teng Wang,
• Rusen Zhou,
• Lijuan Fan,
• Shengli Zhang,
• Feng Yu,
• Tuquabo Tesfamichael,
• Liwei Su and
• Hongxia Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2207–2216, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.213

• hexahydrate (Co(NO3)2·6H2O), 2-methylimidazole (2MI), sulfur powder, absolute methanol and all other reagents were analytical grade and used as received without further purification unless otherwise stated. Deionised water was provided by a Milli-Q water system. YP-50F activated carbon was bought from Kuraray

• . Ni1.7Co1.3O4 powder was obtained via heating the powder in air at 350 °C for 2 h. Fabrication of Ni1−xCoxS2 electrode Ni1−xCoxS2 was synthesised in a rapid thermal processing (RTP) tube furnace. A graphite box containing about 20 mg as-prepared Ni1.7Co1.3O4 and sufficient sulfur powder (200 mg) was placed in

• . The elemental composition of Ni1−xCoxS2, is shown in Figure 2a. Elements including Co, Ni, S, and O are detected, confirming the successful incorporation of sulfur in the material after sulfurization with a Ni/Co/S ratio of 1:1.5:5.8, respectively. The high content of Al is because the samples are

Improved adsorption and degradation performance by S-doping of (001)-TiO₂

• Xiao-Yu Sun,
• Xian Zhang,
• Xiao Sun,
• Ni-Xian Qian,
• Min Wang and
• Yong-Qing Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2116–2127, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.206

• of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University, Hefei 230039, China 10.3762/bjnano.10.206 Abstract In this work, sulfur-doped (S-doped) TiO2 with the (001) face exposed was synthesized by thermal chemical vapor deposition at 180 or 250 °C using S/Ti molar ratios RS/Ti of 0, 0.5, 1

Gold-coated plant virus as computed tomography imaging contrast agent

• Alaa A. A. Aljabali,
• Mazhar S. Al Zoubi,
• Khalid M. Al-Batanyeh,
• Ali Al-Radaideh,
• Mohammad A. Obeid,
• Abeer Al Sharabi,
• Walhan Alshaer,
• Bayan AbuFares,
• Tasnim Al-Zanati,
• Murtaza M. Tambuwala,
• Naveed Akbar and
• David J. Evans

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1983–1993, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.195

• signal from sulfur (red arrow in Figure 3B) from the linker on the surface of the Au-CPMV particles. To confirm successful modification of the Au-CPMV with antibodies zeta potential measurements were carried out [39]. The zeta potential of the 50 nm Au-CPMV particles decreased from −45.9 ± 3.1 mV to

• and size, indicating that they are resistant to solubilization or oxidation. The dual STEM and EDX spectra from the Antibody-PEG5000Au-CPMV gave useful information about the spatial distribution of gold and sulfur across the cellular surface. The simultaneously acquired EDX spectrum images confirmed

• that gold and sulfur are at the surface as a consequence of the modification of Au-CPMV with the antibody linker. Furthermore, STEM-EDX analysis provided compositional and topographical 3-D elemental distributions (Figure 5). CT Imaging Iodine-containing compounds are routinely used as CT imaging

Long-term entrapment and temperature-controlled-release of SF₆ gas in metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)

• Hana Bunzen,
• Andreas Kalytta-Mewes,
• Leo van Wüllen and
• Dirk Volkmer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1851–1859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.180

• frameworks (MOFs); sulfur hexafluoride; Introduction Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are coordination polymers with organic ligands containing (potential) voids [1]. Their porosity and high surface area make them attractive materials for adsorption-based applications [2][3][4][5]. MOFs have been suggested

• this work we selected sulfur hexafluoride (kinetic diameter: 5.50 Å) [14] as a guest, which has a much larger kinetic diameter than the previously reported entrapment of xenon gas (kinetic diameter: 3.96 Å) [14]. Additionally, its presence inside the pores can be easily followed by Fourier-transform

• extracted from the previous force field scan trajectory and all atomic positions were allowed to relax during subsequent optimization steps, except for the position of the sulfur atom of SF6, which was fixed at the corresponding c/N coordinate of the transition path. The PW-DFT+D calculations were performed

Toxicity and safety study of silver and gold nanoparticles functionalized with cysteine and glutathione

• Barbara Pem,
• Igor M. Pongrac,
• Lea Ulm,
• Ivan Pavičić,
• Valerije Vrček,
• Darija Domazet Jurašin,
• Marija Ljubojević,
• Adela Krivohlavek and
• Ivana Vinković Vrček

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1802–1817, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.175

• circulation via different routes [40][41][42][43]. Absorbed or intravenously applied NPs will accumulate in different body compartments [44][45][46]. AgNPs are prone to oxidative dissolution in biological media and the released Ag+ reacts with thiolate groups of sulfur-containing biomolecules [47], which may

TiO₂/GO-coated functional separator to suppress polysulfide migration in lithium–sulfur batteries

• Ning Liu,
• Lu Wang,
• Taizhe Tan,
• Yan Zhao and
• Yongguang Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1726–1736, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.168

• Ning Liu Lu Wang Taizhe Tan Yan Zhao Yongguang Zhang School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300130, China Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Heyuan 517000, China 10.3762/bjnano.10.168 Abstract Lithium–sulfur batteries render a high energy density

• but suffer from poor cyclic performance due to the dissolution of intermediate polysulfides. Herein, a lightweight nanoporous TiO2 and graphene oxide (GO) composite is prepared and utilized as an interlayer between a Li anode and a sulfur cathode to suppress the polysulfide migration and improve the

• batteries. Keywords: dealloying; functional separator; lithium–sulfur batteries; TiO2/GO composite; Introduction The portability of handheld electronic products and successful realization of next-generation electric vehicles urgently require advanced energy storage devices with higher storage capacity and

Upcycling of polyurethane waste by mechanochemistry: synthesis of N-doped porous carbon materials for supercapacitor applications

• Christina Schneidermann,
• Pascal Otto,
• Desirée Leistenschneider,
• Sven Grätz,
• Claudia Eßbach and
• Lars Borchardt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1618–1627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.157

• Quantachrome Instruments after vacuum activation at 150 °C for at least 24 h. The total pore volume was calculated at relative pressure of p/p0 = 0.96 for each material. Elemental analysis was carried out with a vario Micro cube from Elementar. The elemental composition of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen and sulfur

Flexible freestanding MoS₂-based composite paper for energy conversion and storage

• Florian Zoller,
• Jan Luxa,
• Thomas Bein,
• Dina Fattakhova-Rohlfing,
• Daniel Bouša and
• Zdeněk Sofer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1488–1496, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.147

• demonstrated that nanoscale MoS2 is more appropriate than the bulk phase equivalent. The surface of the bulk phase mainly consists of thermodynamically more stable basal sites, which are catalytically less active. In contrast, the sulfur edge sites of MoS2 are highly catalytically active towards HER [32][33

• %. This degree of oxidation is lower than in the case of chemically exfoliated MoS2, which is possibly due to a slightly lower degree of exfoliation [39]. Additionally, no oxidation was observed for sulfur as only states originating from sulfides were identified in the S 2p spectrum (Figure 3b) [40]. The

• the following Equation 3) and the decomposition of the electrolyte followed by the formation of a solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer [18][20]. The prominent anodic peak at ≈2.5 V results from the conversion of Li2S to sulfur and lithium ions (see the following Equation 4) [20]. During the

Warped graphitic layers generated by oxidation of fullerene extraction residue and its oxygen reduction catalytic activity

• Machiko Takigami,
• Rieko Kobayashi,
• Takafumi Ishii,
• Yasuo Imashiro and
• Jun-ichi Ozaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1391–1400, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.137

• diamond phase, nitrogen, boron, phosphorus, sulfur, and transition metals like iron and cobalt. Such WGLs can be obtained from fullerene-related materials. We selected a commercial carbon, Nanom Black, which is a fullerene extraction residue from a fullerene soot prepared by a combustion method [40]. The