A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• . The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) results in Figure 1c show Zn, Cu, and O, which indicates the presence of ZnO and CuO. No further impurities were found. The results from X-ray diffractometry (XRD) and UV–vis absorption spectroscopy confirm that the nanoparticles covering the surfaces and

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• ® and UHMWPE [9][10][11][12][13]. Here we extend this technique to Technora® by notching individual fibers (Figure 1b), gently opening them along shear planes to expose internal surfaces, and then scanning across those surfaces using an atomic force microscope (AFM) (Figure 1c). AFM scans yield internal

• failure will be brittle and thus more prone to variation. In contrast, Technora® has no such preferential planes, which may explain its more consistent strength values [6][7]. Indeed, we observe stray fibrils protruding in and out of the FIB-notched surfaces of Technora® and no consistent fracture planes

• filaments within Technora® fibers present no such consistent internal planes. Indeed, Ozawa hypothesized that Kevlar® has much wider “internal surfaces” than Technora®, making the former more sensitive to chemical effects [1]. This hypothesis aligns very well with our line scans (Figure 6), which show

Nanoarchitectonics of photothermal materials to enhance the sensitivity of lateral flow assays

• Elangovan Sarathkumar,
• Rajasekharan S. Anjana and
• Ramapurath S. Jayasree

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 988–1003, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.82

• ], Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, vol. 186, by V. Shirshahi; S. N. Tabatabaei; S. Hatamie; R. Saber, “Photothermal enhancement in sensitivity of lateral flow assays for detection of E-coli O157:H7”, article no. 110721, Copyright (2019), with permission from Elsevier. (This content is not subject to

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• was shown to be consistent with Si–H bond cleavage and hydrogen desorption from silicon surfaces [29] (including Si NPs [30]) with the bond completely disappearing at 700 °C as indicated by FTIR spectra [31][32][33]. A temperature of 900 °C was chosen to assess the probability of formation of another

• nature of HF). The total etching time was 20 min (HF vapor etching of Si NPs doped with P results in the removal of the oxide layer after 15 min of etching [42]). It should be mentioned that Si NPs with hydrogen-terminated surfaces rapidly oxidize when exposed to air even at room temperatures [43][44

Antibody-conjugated nanoparticles for target-specific drug delivery of chemotherapeutics

• Mamta Kumari,
• Amitabha Acharya and
• Praveen Thaggikuppe Krishnamurthy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 912–926, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.75

• chemotherapeutics specifically to the targeted cancer cells. ACNPs combine the benefits of NPs and mAbs to provide high drug loads at the tumor site with better selectivity and delivery efficiency. The mAbs on the NP surfaces recognize their specific receptors expressed on the target cells and release the

• fragment antigen-binding (Fab) region of mAbs are chemically conjugated to NP surfaces to recognize protein targets that are overexpressed on the surface of tumor cells. Conjugation of mAbs to NP surfaces improves targeting capacity, cellular uptake, and intracellular stability [12]. The mAb-functionalized

• (ACNPs) combine advantages of NPs and antibodies, which results in more specific and efficient delivery systems (Figure 1). There are a number of approaches for achieving specific conjugation of antibodies on NP surfaces. The selection of the most suitable conjugation method is very important to preserve

Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks

• Suyi Liu,
• Yasuo Norikane and
• Yoshihiro Kikkawa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 872–892, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.72

• and desirable nanoarchitectures. Scanning tunneling microscopy is a powerful tool for revealing the molecular conformations, arrangements, and orientations of two-dimensional (2D) networks on surfaces. The fabrication of 2D assemblies involves non-covalent interactions that play a significant role in

• flat conducting substrates, such as metal surfaces and highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) conditions, at solid/air or solid/liquid interfaces [23][24][25][26][27][28]. Although UHV-STM offers high-resolution imaging, it requires large, complex, and expensive

• structures on metallic surfaces, such as Au(111), are different from those on a HOPG surface, even if the molecular building blocks are the same [62][63][64]. This is because of the different molecule–substrate interactions on Au(111) and HOPG. The adsorption energy of alkyl chains on Au(111) has been

N-Heterocyclic carbene-based gold etchants

• Robert B. Chevalier,
• Justin Pantano,
• Matthew K. Kiesewetter and
• Jason R. Dwyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 865–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.71

• , an NHC-based monolayer has even been shown to protect against thiol displacement on gold surfaces [13]. Thus, in spite of the challenges that can be presented by NHC synthesis [17], they offer appeal even in light of the more general commercial availability of a wide range of thiols. The covalent

• formation of molecular monolayers on gold surfaces supports a wide range of fundamental science and technological applications. While thiol-containing species continue to dominate monolayer formation, the pursuit and characterization of monolayer precursors with superior performance has been ongoing. NHCs

Industrial perspectives for personalized microneedles

• Remmi Danae Baker-Sediako,
• Benjamin Richter,
• Matthias Blaicher,
• Michael Thiel and
• Martin Hermatschweiler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 857–864, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.70

• microneedle development and clinical translation. Despite SLA and DLP being cost-effective entry points for fabricating bio-inspired microneedles, both techniques often suffer from rough surfaces and poor shape accuracy. Specifically, SLA and DLP 3D printers suffer from the staircase effect, which is an

• miniaturization, shape accuracy, smooth surfaces, and high aspect ratios [51][52][53][54]. In the last decade, 2PP instruments have evolved from slow (albeit versatile) microfabrication instruments (e.g., the first generation 2008–2012 Photonic Professional) suitable for proofs of concept to industrialized 3D

• microoptic fabrication, grayscale lithography offers a solution to mitigate the staircase effect. Grayscale lithography is a novel approach in photolithography for 2.5D patterning (x,y,z) with ultrasmooth surfaces that exhibits improved shape accuracy [57][58]. In 2019, Nanoscribe GmbH & Co launched the

Biomimetics on the micro- and nanoscale – The 25th anniversary of the lotus effect

• Matthias Mail,
• Kerstin Koch,
• Thomas Speck,
• William M. Megill and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 850–856, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.69

• Zoology, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Am Botanischen Garten 1–9, D-24118 Kiel, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.14.69 Keywords: biomimetic surfaces; hydrophobicity; lotus effect; Salvinia effect; superhydrophobicity; wettability; In 1997, Wilhelm Barthlott and Christoph Neinhuis published the paper

• “Purity of the sacred lotus” [1] in which they described the superhydrophobic surfaces and the self-cleaning ability of some plants (the so-called “lotus effect”, see Figure 1). This paper led to a paradigm shift in surface sciences. It generated a lot of interest at the time and continues today to

• inspire numerous publications and technical developments [2]. Although the phenomenon of the outstanding water repellence of some plant surfaces had been known for over 2000 years, the functional principle behind it and the detailed physicochemistry of superhydrophobic biological surfaces had remained

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• is more cost-effective, straightforward, and accessible. The chemical treatment of PDMS and the glass plate aims to decorate their surfaces with silanol groups (Si–OH), enabling the two surfaces to bond chemically at the atomic level [49]. To determine the droplet size, we used two dye solutions and

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• Matthew L. Hancock Eric A. Grulke Robert A. Yokel Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, United States Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536-0596, United States 10.3762/bjnano.14.63 Abstract Cerium atoms on the surfaces

• during its synthesis; in fact, a carboxylic acid, namely citric acid, is used in many synthesis protocols. Citric acid adsorbs onto nanoceria surfaces, limiting particle formation and creating stable dispersions with extended shelf life. To better understand factors influencing the fate of nanoceria, its

• potential to inhibit cancerous tumor growth [5], reduce radiation-induced damage [6], and heal wounds [7], among many other effects [8][9] cited in the introduction of [10]. Cerium atoms on nanoceria surfaces can store or release oxygen, cycling between Ce3+ and Ce4+; therefore, they can relieve oxidative

A graphene quantum dots–glassy carbon electrode-based electrochemical sensor for monitoring malathion

• Sanju Tanwar,
• Aditi Sharma and
• Dhirendra Mathur

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 701–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.56

• Brillouin zone, while the G band arises from vibrations in rings of sp2-hybridized atoms inside the GQDs. Electrochemical studies Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy In order to investigate the charge transfer on the electrode surfaces, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used with the redox

• working electrode has an increased surface area to volume ratio due to the small size of GQDs. In addition, the different functional groups present on the GQDs surfaces provide additional active sites, which increase sensitivity and lower the limit of detection. Interference study The selectivity of the

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• compositions aligned by DEP [25]. In some of these works, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was used as an effective tool to study the effects of chemical and physical absorption of water on the nanostructured surfaces of active CuO elements of the systems [23][24]. To the best of our knowledge, the

• chemisorption on the surface of a p-type nanowire can have a dual effect on the electrical conductivity, this may explain the scatter of impedances measured at the RH below 50% (Figure 3a). This hypothesis on the processes on the surfaces of the CuO nanowires is supported by the Bode plot data. The linear

• and phase angle ϕ vs log f. (a) Impedance magnitude |Z| vs relative humidity RH (dashed line is a guide to the eyes) at various T; (b) |Z| vs T at various RH. (c–e) Schematics of the processes induced by water chemisorption and physisorption on the CuO nanowire surfaces: (c) formation of a (Cu+–OH

Investigations on the optical forces from three mainstream optical resonances in all-dielectric nanostructure arrays

• Guangdong Wang and
• Zhanghua Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 674–682, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.53

• , respectively. In this work, we use a small virtual cube to accommodate a small object (i.e., the PS sphere) and all surfaces of the cube are in water. The electromagnetic fields at the six surfaces of the virtual cube are used to calculate the optical force according to Equation 2. With numerical calculations

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

• , environmental, food safety, and health analyses. They have exceptional physico-chemical and opto-electronic properties, a high surface area-to-volume ratio, and their surfaces are easy to functionalize. Additionally, compared to their bulk counterparts, nanomaterials are particularly sensitive to changes in

Titania nanoparticles for photocatalytic degradation of ethanol under simulated solar light

• Evghenii Goncearenco,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Florian Dumitrache,
• Elena Dutu,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Valentin Serban Teodorescu,
• Alexandra Sandulescu,
• Crina Anastasescu and
• Ioan Balint

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 616–630, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.51

• indicate changes regarding the variation of the nanoparticle surfaces according to the value of the working pressure. Since XPS analysis is a surface measurement and the samples were calcined in air, the possibility to identify the presence of Ti3+ species and oxygen vacancies is small, but we do not

Suspension feeding in Copepoda (Crustacea) – a numerical model of setae acting in concert

• Alexander E. Filippov,
• Wencke Krings and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 603–615, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.50

• determined by a combination of the external flow vext and perturbations caused by the motion of the setae. For simplicity and to increase calculation efficiency, instead of solving the huge complete set of dynamic and hydrodynamic equations for particles of complex form with rough surfaces, we separated the

Thermal transport in kinked nanowires through simulation

• Alexander N. Robillard,
• Graham W. Gibson and
• Ralf Meyer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 586–602, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.49

• . Systems where such transport is important are said to have significant ballistic transport compared to the classical scenario, that is, diffusive transport. Ballistic transport can be impacted by features of the system, such as surfaces, edges, defects, and inclusions [7][8][9]. Consequently, the effect

• of system design on nanoscale transport is particularly intriguing and has lead to the investigation of unique structures [10][11] in an attempt to better understand and develop manufactured devices. The introduction of additional surfaces and the reduction of direct paths through a system can force

• °. After this point, the conductance begins to increase again. As this is not due to lattice orientation, this effect must be due to the interactions of travelling phonons with the surfaces of the wire due to the kink angle. In the PMC simulation, phonons are reflected from a surface after collision based

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• , which has been rarely investigated before. Herein, we describe a new strategy for preparing ternary hybrids (SiC@C-ZnO, SCZ) by growing ZnO particles on carbon surfaces derived from SiC nanowires. The influence of ZnO precursor (ZnNO3·6H2O) dosage on composition, microstructure and electromagnetic

• results. In contrast, the relative intensities of the Si 2p and C 1s peaks gradually decrease at the same time. The peaks at 100 and 103.5 eV are related to Si 2p1/2 and Si 2p3/2, respectively. Table 1 provides the elemental compositions (atom %) on the SCZ sample surfaces as determined by XPS. The

SERS performance of GaN/Ag substrates fabricated by Ag coating of GaN platforms

• Magdalena A. Zając,
• Bogusław Budner,
• Malwina Liszewska,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz,
• Łukasz Gutowski,
• Jan L. Weyher and
• Bartłomiej J. Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 552–564, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.46

• method have regions characterized by very high and very low Raman signal enhancements. Therefore, these SERS substrates can be characterized by a lower density of hot spots on their surfaces than PLD-made substrates (Figure 7 and Figure 8). The EF calculated for the 1078 cm−1 peak has similar values in

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• ][18]. Additionally, the Internet of Things (IoT) also requires devices to be integrated into a variety of systems and different surfaces of our daily life, which demands the low-cost, reliable, and large-scale production of sensors [12][13][19]. Yet, the lack of such reproducible large-scale

Nanoarchitectonics to entrap living cells in silica-based systems: encapsulations with yolk–shell and sepiolite nanomaterials

• Celia Martín-Morales,
• Jorge Fernández-Méndez,
• Pilar Aranda and
• Eduardo Ruiz-Hitzky

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 522–534, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.43

• observations of the yeast–G57-4 nanohybrid system (Figure 2B), isolated yeast cells can be observed. Only in certain regions, there are some yeast groups growing in a protofilamentous fashion. Interestingly, this type of yeast growth is mostly present around smooth surfaces of the inorganic matrix or in places

The origin of black and white coloration of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae)

• Manuela Rebora,
• Gianandrea Salerno,
• Silvana Piersanti,
• Alexander Kovalev and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 496–508, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.41

• black (Figure 4e–h) portions reveal that series of four to five convex scales overlap each other (Figure 4a,b,e,f). The scales are very thin (about 0.2 µm thick). Their lower and the upper surfaces are closely juxtaposed, even if some empty spaces (nanovoids) are occasionally visible between them

• . Cross sections of the tarsi in their white (a–d) and black (e–h) portions. In (a) and (e) note the series of overlapping four to five convex scales around the tarsus (T). The lower (LS) and the upper (US) surfaces are closely juxtaposed even if some empty spaces representing nanovoids, originating from

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• applied on top of the PS insulator without the need for an additional water transport layer. Membranes Janus structural membranes with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces are key structures for highly efficient SSGs. Such Janus membranes can be easily produced by filtering or coating hydrophilic

• @PDA-based photothermal sponge as light absorber. (b) Evaporation rates depending on the sponge thickness. (c) Average temperatures of the top and sidewall surfaces of the photothermal sponges with different heights under solar spectral irradiance (AM1.5G). (d) IR images of the photothermal sponges

• with the average temperatures of the sidewall surfaces under solar spectral irradiance (AM1.5G). Figure 11 was adapted with permission of The Royal Society of Chemistry from [49] (“Stackable nickel–cobalt@polydopamine nanosheet based photothermal sponges for highly efficient solar steam generation” by

Molecular nanoarchitectonics: unification of nanotechnology and molecular/materials science

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 434–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.35

• organic chemistry and nanotechnology. For example, organic synthesis using probe microscope tips, a tool of nanotechnology, is now being realized [109][110]. Organic chemistry for single molecules on surfaces is being developed, which is different from the conventional organic synthesis in solution

• substrate. This process resulted in the formation of heterowires in which the polymer initially formed on the substrate was linked to another type of thiophene polymer that was growing. In this way, nanoarchitectonics of conjugated polymers can be obtained on metal surfaces by multistep electrochemical

• extended π-carbon systems is an important process for spintronics applications. On-surface synthetic nanoarchitectonics Besides manipulating molecules and atoms with a tip, in situ observation of specific chemical reactions occurring on surfaces with a probe microscope is a very significant approach to