Experimental study of an evanescent-field biosensor based on 1D photonic bandgap structures

• Jad Sabek,
• Francisco Javier Díaz-Fernández,
• Luis Torrijos-Morán,
• Zeneida Díaz-Betancor,
• Ángel Maquieira,
• María-José Bañuls,
• Elena Pinilla-Cienfuegos and
• Jaime García-Rupérez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 967–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.97

• are out of the PBG region. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) simulations carried out for this configuration of the PBG structure predicted a PBG edge location at ca. 1530 nm, so a deviation of only about 20 nm was observed for the actual fabricated structure, i.e., ca. 1530 nm instead of ca. 1550

• (i.e., ca. 10 points per period of the PBG structure). The whole system (photonic chip, input fiber and SNOM tip) can be previsualized with an optical microscope used to obtain a proper alignment of the input fiber as well as an accurate positioning of the SNOM probe. Finite-Difference time-domain

In situ AFM visualization of Li–O₂ battery discharge products during redox cycling in an atmospherically controlled sample cell

• Kumar Virwani,
• Younes Ansari,
• Khanh Nguyen,
• Francisco José Alía Moreno-Ortiz,
• Jangwoo Kim,
• Maxwell J. Giammona,
• Ho-Cheol Kim and
• Young-Hye La

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 930–940, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.94

• . Thus rigorous environmental control and time domain correlation of discharge products to electrochemical voltages remain as the challenges for highly reactive Li/O2 and other electrochemical systems. In this work, we present in situ morphological investigations of Li/O2 electrochemistry products using

• tapping mode AFM with complete time domain correlated visualizations recorded during discharge and recharge cycling. The voltage and capacity of an electrochemical Li/O2 cell were simultaneously monitored and correlated with the evolution of nano- and micro-structured discharge products. In contrast to

• rather than for the highest capacity. The main aim was to obtain electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), discharge/recharge voltages and capacities time-domain-correlated with AFM images of topography, all in a completely atmospherically isolated and controlled setting. In our recent study [30

Review of time-resolved non-contact electrostatic force microscopy techniques with applications to ionic transport measurements

• Aaron Mascaro,
• Yoichi Miyahara,
• Tyler Enright,
• Omur E. Dagdeviren and
• Peter Grütter

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 617–633, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.62

• implementations and analyses, we have restricted our review to exclude all pump–probe and KPFM techniques as these are generally unsuitable for probing ionic transport. For a recent review of all KPFM and related techniques, we refer the reader to [21]. We begin by describing the direct time-domain method and its

• ]. Table 1 lists these techniques along with their respective time resolutions (smallest value demonstrated), limitations, and strengths. Review Direct time-domain EFM Background Direct time-domain EFM measurements are the most straightforward methods of measuring time-varying interactions. In the commonly

• relaxation times [31]. Nonetheless, this complicates time-domain measurements of ionic transport as the functional form of the relaxation must be fully captured in order to reliably extract the relevant parameters, namely τ* and β. With slow ionic relaxation times (longer than milliseconds) and typical

Biomimetic synthesis of Ag-coated glasswing butterfly arrays as ultra-sensitive SERS substrates for efficient trace detection of pesticides

• Guochao Shi,
• Mingli Wang,
• Yanying Zhu,
• Yuhong Wang,
• Xiaoya Yan,
• Xin Sun,
• Haijun Xu and
• Wanli Ma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 578–588, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.59

• violet (CV) with a limit of detection (LOD) of 10−11 M. The 3D finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) simulation results suggest that the simulated electromagnetic field enhancement of Ag-G.b.-20 is close to the experimental value. Meanwhile, the Ag-G.b.-20 nanohybrids exhibited good stability and

• time-domain simulation To better evaluate the SERS enhancement performance of the Ag-G.b.-20 substrates, an enhancement factor (EF) has been estimated based on Equation 1 [1][20]: where the ISERS and Ibulk are the integrated intensities of a same Raman peak in the SERS spectrum and bulk Raman spectrum

• nanofilms on the G.b. template, we also studied the electromagnetic field distribution in the vicinity of the Ag-G.b.-20 plasmonic nanostructures using the 3D finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method. Considering that Ag can be described by the Debye–Drude model, the Yee cell in our calculation was

Surface plasmon resonance enhancement of photoluminescence intensity and bioimaging application of gold nanorod@CdSe/ZnS quantum dots

• Siyi Hu,
• Yu Ren,
• Yue Wang,
• Jinhua Li,
• Junle Qu,
• Liwei Liu,
• Hanbin Ma and
• Yuguo Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 22–31, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.3

• used the GNRs to enhance the PL intensity of the CdSe/ZnS QDs. The PL from GNR@CdSe/ZnS nanoparticles is approximately four times more than that from CdSe/ZnS QDs. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations were also conducted to understand the plasmon coupling effect on PL enhancement

Enhancement of X-ray emission from nanocolloidal gold suspensions under double-pulse excitation

• Wei-Hung Hsu,
• Frances Camille P. Masim,
• Armandas Balčytis,
• Hsin-Hui Huang,
• Tetsu Yonezawa,
• Aleksandr A. Kuchmizhak,
• Saulius Juodkazis and
• Koji Hatanaka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2609–2617, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.242

• simulated in the following using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method (Lumerical). Figure 5 shows the light-intensity distributions around gold nanoparticles modeling different stages of excitation from initial gold nanoparticles towards the formation of ENZ plasma around them. The absorption

Au–Si plasmonic platforms: synthesis, structure and FDTD simulations

• Anna Gapska,
• Marcin Łapiński,
• Paweł Syty,
• Wojciech Sadowski,
• Józef E. Sienkiewicz and
• Barbara Kościelska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2599–2608, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.241

• . This sample was subsequently chosen for theoretical calculations. Simulations of electromagnetic field propagation through the produced samples were performed using the finite-difference time domain (FDTD) method. The calculated absorbance, as a result of the FDTD simulation shows a quite good

• agreement with experimental data obtained in the UV–vis range. Keywords: Au plasmonic platforms; dewetting; eutectic; finite-difference time domain (FDTD); Introduction The evolution of metal thin films into nanostructures under various thermal conditions has been repeatedly studied for many years

• domain (FDTD) method. The method allows one to find the spatial distributions of all components of an electromagnetic field propagating through the investigated system, at selected time intervals. Applying in the next step the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) leads to a change from the time domain to the

Optimization of the optical coupling in nanowire-based integrated photonic platforms by FDTD simulation

• Nan Guan,
• Andrey Babichev,
• Martin Foldyna,
• Dmitry Denisov,
• François H. Julien and
• Maria Tchernycheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2248–2254, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.209

• emitting diode (LED) and a nanowire photodetector connected with a waveguide is proposed. The light coupling efficiency from the LED to the detector is optimized as a function of the geometrical parameters of the system using the finite difference time domain simulation tool Lumerical. Starting from a

• typical NW dimensions and fabrication procedures. In this paper, we theoretically analyze the light propagation between a NW emitter and a detector coupled with a SiNx waveguide. Using finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations, we propose an optimized waveguide design, for which 65.5% of the

Localized photodeposition of catalysts using nanophotonic resonances in silicon photocathodes

• Evgenia Kontoleta,
• Sven H. C. Askes,
• Lai-Hung Lai and
• Erik C. Garnett

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2097–2105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.198

• -electrochemical system. The tapering angle of the silicon nanowires as well as the excitation wavelength are used to control the location of the hot spots together with the deposition sites of the platinum catalyst. A combination of finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations with scanning electron

• (Pt(0)). The position of the Pt deposition can be controlled by adjusting the tapering angle or the incident wavelength. The platinum photodeposition results are observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and compared with the output of finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations of the

Multimodal noncontact atomic force microscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy investigations of organolead tribromide perovskite single crystals

• Yann Almadori,
• David Moerman,
• Jaume Llacer Martinez,
• Philippe Leclère and
• Benjamin Grévin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1695–1704, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.161

• photogenerated charge carriers, respectively. The measurements revealed that, similar to the case of methylammonium lead triiodide, the photostrictive response of MAPbBr3 consists of a lattice expansion. Moreover, we have shown that our methodology based on the acquisition of spectroscopic curves in the time

• domain allows disentangling the contributions of the photocarriers to the surface photovoltage from the ones due to the light-induced migration of ionic species. Lastly, the effective carrier lifetime has been quantified by analyzing the dependence of the surface potential as a function of the frequency

Tailoring polarization and magnetization of absorbing terahertz metamaterials using a cut-wire sandwich structure

• Hadi Teguh Yudistira,
• Shuo Liu,
• Tie Jun Cui and
• Han Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1437–1447, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.136

• presented an identical performance when the external electric field was arbitrarily polarized. A commercial terahertz time domain spectrometer (Zomega-Z3), whose available spectrum range was from 0.3 THz to 3.0 THz, was applied to characterize the transmission and reflection of the designed absorber. All

Field-controlled ultrafast magnetization dynamics in two-dimensional nanoscale ferromagnetic antidot arrays

• Anulekha De,
• Sucheta Mondal,
• Sourav Sahoo,
• Saswati Barman,
• Yoshichika Otani,
• Rajib Kumar Mitra and
• Anjan Barman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 1123–1134, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.104

• S2 for different orientations of the in-plane bias field: (g) for S1 at H = 1.0 kOe and (i) for S2 at H = 1.3 kOe. (h) and (j) show the FFT power spectra of simulated time-domain magnetization: (h) S1 at H = 1.0 kOe and (j) S2 at H = 1.3 kOe. Mode numbers are shown in both experimental and simulated

Mechanistic insights into plasmonic photocatalysts in utilizing visible light

• Kah Hon Leong,
• Azrina Abd Aziz,
• Lan Ching Sim,
• Pichiah Saravanan,
• Min Jang and
• Detlef Bahnemann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 628–648, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.59

• parameters of plasmonic metal nanostructures such as particle size, work function, surface facet and plasmonic band is a challenging task that demands numerical simulation. It is known that the photocatalysis performance is affected by the noble metal particle size and thus finite difference time domain

Facile phase transfer of gold nanorods and nanospheres stabilized with block copolymers

• Yaroslav I. Derikov,
• Georgiy A. Shandryuk,
• Raisa V. Talroze,
• Alexander A. Ezhov and
• Yaroslav V. Kudryavtsev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 616–627, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.58

• -like (cylindrical) Au nanoparticles in various media in order to model their extinction spectra. On this basis, we employed Lumerical Solutions software based on solving Maxwell’s equations with the finite-difference time-domain numerical technique. The simulations were carried out for a linearly

• software package (Ocean Optics). Pure solvent absorption spectra were used for comparison. Simulation of the optical properties was performed with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) numerical techniques for Maxwell’s equations solution. Commercially available software FDTD Solutions (Lumerical

Design of photonic microcavities in hexagonal boron nitride

• Sejeong Kim,
• Milos Toth and
• Igor Aharonovich

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 102–108, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.12

• commercial finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) software package (Lumerical Inc.). The 3D FDTD simulation domain for 2D (1D) photonic crystal was 7 μm × 7 μm × 1.2 μm (11 μm × 2 μm × 2 μm) which is discretised using uniform spatial and temporal grids of 15 nm and 0.03 fs. Birefringence of hBN is accounted

Synthesis of [{AgO₂CCH₂OMe(PPh₃)}_n] and theoretical study of its use in focused electron beam induced deposition

• Jelena Tamuliene,
• Julian Noll,
• Peter Frenzel,
• Tobias Rüffer,
• Alexander Jakob,
• Bernhard Walfort and
• Heinrich Lang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2615–2624, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.262

• beam induced deposition (FEBID) is a cost efficient direct resist-free chemical vapor deposition technique producing free-standing 3D metal-containing nanoscale structures in a single step on, for example, surfaces of sub-10 nm size using a variety of materials with a high degree of spatial and time

• -domain control [1][2][3]. Up to now, FEBID relies on the chemical availability of chemical vapor deposition (CVD) precursors. However, such precursors are not optimized for the electron-driven FEBID process and hence molecular precursors particularly adapted to its underlying electron-induced

Refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy using silver–gold layered bimetallic plasmonic crystals

• Somi Kang,
• Sean E. Lehman,
• Matthew V. Schulmerich,
• An-Phong Le,
• Tae-woo Lee,
• Stephen K. Gray,
• Rohit Bhargava and
• Ralph G. Nuzzo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2492–2503, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.249

• useful new platform for chemical/spectroscopic sensing. Keywords: finite-difference time-domain; nanoimprint soft lithography; plasmonics; surface plasmon resonance; Introduction Studies of surface plasmons have attracted significant attention due to the diverse range of applications and processes in

• response from exemplary PCs was acquired by 0th-order transmission measurements. Finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) calculations were performed to assist in characterizing how each system behaved in order to understand and obtain an optimized device form factor. The data illustrate that Ag/Au bimetallic

• microscope (Bruker Optics) with an excitation laser wavelength of 785 nm, an excitation power of ≈5 mW, focal length of 45 mm and acquisition time of 30 s. Raman spectra were collected over a Raman shift range of 500–1800 cm−1. Finite-difference time-domain simulation of plasmonic nanostructures A set of 3D

Material property analytical relations for the case of an AFM probe tapping a viscoelastic surface containing multiple characteristic times

• Enrique A. López-Guerra and
• Santiago D. Solares

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2230–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.223

• ) is physically represented in Figure 1 for the case of a Generalized Maxwell model with an arbitrary number of characteristic times. The load in Equation 1 may also be written in the time domain as a convolution of the relaxation modulus (G(t)) with the time derivative of the displacement: where the

• kept, after retransformation to the time domain [37][38]. Linear systems allow us to investigate separately the response to each excitation, followed by addition of the responses at the end to find the total response via the superposition principle. Thus, we begin by applying the Laplace transform to

A review of demodulation techniques for amplitude-modulation atomic force microscopy

• Michael G. Ruppert,
• David M. Harcombe,
• Michael R. P. Ragazzon,
• S. O. Reza Moheimani and
• Andrew J. Fleming

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1407–1426, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.142

• time domain, this process is shown in Figure 1a, where the minimum and the maximum levels attained by the amplitude-modulated signal are 1 − M and 1 + M, respectively. It can be seen from Equation 1 that the modulation process creates distinct frequency components located at fc and fc ± fm. The latter

• response, mathematically originating from the Fourier transform of the integration window. The maximum tracking bandwidth of the coherent demodulator is 39.0 kHz without post-integration filter and 28.6 kHz with post-integration filter. These values correlate with the time-domain simulation in [42], which

• cut-off frequency low-pass filter (Stanford Research SR560 Low Noise Preamplifier). The acquisition front end of a micro system analyzer (Polytec MSA-050-3D) is used to capture the time-domain data sampled at fs = 2.56 MHz for T = 13.11 s. The TIN is obtained by integrating the noise density estimate

Optical response of heterogeneous polymer layers containing silver nanostructures

• Miriam Carlberg,
• Florent Pourcin,
• Olivier Margeat,
• Judikaël Le Rouzo,
• Gérard Berginc,
• Rose-Marie Sauvage,
• Jörg Ackermann and
• Ludovic Escoubas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.108

• information about the reflection, transmission, absorption of the material as well as the complex optical indices, n and k. Finite difference time domain simulations of nanoparticles in thin film layers allow the visualization of the nanoparticle interactions or the electric field enhancement on and around

• centrifugation steps. Furthermore, finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations show that the maximum electric field enhancement (Figure 1c) for p- and s-polarized light does not occur at the same wavelength. For a single nanoprism (50 nm edge size and 10 nm thickness) in water, the maximum electric field

Scaling law to determine peak forces in tapping-mode AFM experiments on finite elastic soft matter systems

• Horacio V. Guzman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 968–974, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.98

• shown for two different materials with Young’s moduli of 30 and 300 MPa, respectively. For each material the peak force is defined as the maximum repulsive interaction of the time domain curves observed in Figure 1a. We quantitatively explored through simulations how the contact time increases with the

Near-field surface plasmon field enhancement induced by rippled surfaces

• Mario D’Acunto,
• Francesco Fuso,
• Ruggero Micheletto,
• Makoto Naruse,
• Francesco Tantussi and
• Maria Allegrini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 956–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.97

• describe the roughness of scattering objects include the finite element method (FEM) [29], the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method [30], the coupled wave method (CWM) [31], the discrete dipole approximation (DDA) [32][33], for which the meshing of the rough surface may be critical for computation

Computing the T-matrix of a scattering object with multiple plane wave illuminations

• Martin Fruhnert,
• Ivan Fernandez-Corbaton,
• Vassilios Yannopapas and
• Carsten Rockstuhl

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 614–626, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.66

• scenarios. They all rely on the numerical solution of Maxwell’s equations while considering a given distribution of material in space. Examples for such numerical routines are finite element solvers [11][12][13], finite-difference time-domain methods [14][15][16], discrete dipole approximation [17][18], or

Sub-nanosecond light-pulse generation with waveguide-coupled carbon nanotube transducers

• Felix Pyatkov,
• Svetlana Khasminskaya,
• Vadim Kovalyuk,
• Frank Hennrich,
• Manfred M. Kappes,
• Gregory N. Goltsman,
• Wolfram H. P. Pernice and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 38–44, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.5

• provides no spectral resolution, but allows us to resolve pulses with sub-nanosecond resolution in the time domain. The operation principle is shown in Figure 4a. The CNTs were driven with electrical pulses applied with a pulse generator to the source and drain contacts via an RF-probe (Cascade Microtech

• extracted from a time-domain histogram (Figure 4e, measured with SNSPD) is somewhat larger than the theoretically expected value, which could be due to the decay time of electrical pulses τpulse ≈ 80 ps, as measured on chip (Figure 4e, black line). Moreover, the cumulative timing jitter of detector, pulse

A terahertz-vibration to terahertz-radiation converter based on gold nanoobjects: a feasibility study

• Kamil Moldosanov and
• Andrei Postnikov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 983–989, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.90

• values of L below). “Steady” means that the radiation is emitted continuously in the time domain, as long as the microwave oven operates, and not in the pulsed regime. The above estimates of the size of the nanoobjects (Equation 2) concern the “thickness” (d)/(R − r)/(H) but neither the length of the GNB