Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• 0.53 ± 1.62 mg (Table 2). Similar results were found between Formulations A and B when the DCS nanocrystals were loaded in the transdermal delivery system. These results suggested that passive transport may be one of the driving forces for the penetration of both DCS nanocrystals and commercial DCS

• future. In addition, we found that combining passive transport and EPR-like force allowed DCS nanocrystals to overcome their high hydrophilic properties and penetrate the skin layer. These formulations can be applied as a reservoir patch system for long-term transdermal delivery. In summary, DCS

Unveiling the nature of atomic defects in graphene on a metal surface

• Karl Rothe,
• Nicolas Néel and
• Jörg Kröger

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 416–425, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.37

• tunneling current during approach exceeds the current during retraction, I↓ > I↑, which contrasts the opposite order for graphene on SiC(0001). On the basis of the experimental data alone it is difficult to identify a rationale for this observation. Indeed, electron transport across the junction depends on

• the tip–graphene and graphene–surface hybridization [23][65]. Therefore, simulations of the non-equilibrium charge transport across the junction are required for a detailed understanding of the observed current traces. Conclusion A combination of STM and AFM experiments unravels the nature of defects

On the mechanism of piezoresistance in nanocrystalline graphite

• Sandeep Kumar,
• Simone Dehm and
• Ralph Krupke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 376–384, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.34

• resistance. However, the theoretical modeling shows that the modulation of the transport gap under strain is sensitive to the degree of asymmetry of the grain boundaries. While the symmetric grain boundaries remain metallic in the presence of uniaxial strain, the transport gap of the asymmetric

• schematic of a NCG film under strain correlated with the transport of the film. The black dots represent the grain position, and the arrows represent the long axis of non-spherical grains. At the beginning, marked as point A on the curve, the grains are randomly oriented. As the strain is applied, the

• %) indicating a similar piezoresistance mechanism of grains moving apart and increasing tunneling distance. This is shown as point C in the transport in Figure 4c, where the grains are locked and cannot rotate, and the increase in resistance only occurs because of increased distance between grains. Above 1.6

Controllable physicochemical properties of WO_x thin films grown under glancing angle

• Rupam Mandal,
• Aparajita Mandal,
• Alapan Dutta,
• Rengasamy Sivakumar,
• Sanjeev Kumar Srivastava and
• Tapobrata Som

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 350–359, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.31

• transport through the same. The I–V characteristics were recorded with a positive bias applied to the p-Si substrate. Figure 6a and Figure 6b show, respectively, the semi-log I–V curves (linear I–V curves are presented in Figure S4 of Supporting Information File 1) of WOx/p-Si heterostructures before and

• the junction, thereby leading to more symmetric I–V curves. Nevertheless, one can infer from the observed low values of RR (Table 1) that all the as-deposited NS-WOx/p-Si samples show a quasi-ohmic conduction behaviour, which implies that tunnelling may be responsible for the current transport. The

• conduction across the heterojunction with increasing film thickness indicates a possible role of oxygen vacancies in facilitating smooth charge transport till the thickness reaches 30 nm, above which the series resistance effect within the WOx film starts to dominate. Overall, this study demonstrates a wide

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• shape control are very limited in those cases. Conventional electron beam lithography (EBL) reaches the resolution of a few nanometers. However, it leaves residual resists on the surface [9], which strongly affects electrical transport properties [10]. A similar high resolution can be achieved with e

Nanocarrier systems loaded with IR780, iron oxide nanoparticles and chlorambucil for cancer theragnostics

• Phuong-Thao Dang-Luong,
• Hong-Phuc Nguyen,
• Loc Le-Tuan,
• Xuan-Thang Cao,
• Vy Tran-Anh and
• Hieu Vu Quang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 180–189, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.17

• urinary obstruction [14]. In another study, PLGA SPIONs could transport chemotherapeutic agents for cancer treatment and diagnosis [15]. Therefore, the combination of PLGA and SPIONs promises a useful theragnostic system in our study. In addition to the encapsulation of SPIONs in PLGA employed for

• their charge (Table 1). The alteration of NPs following the hardening of PLGA NPs apparently had no effect on the loading of drugs (CHL) and imaging agents (IR780 and IO) into NPs (Table 2). Two criteria were necessary for the successful transport of a nanoparticle to a target spot. One is the half-life

CdSe/ZnS quantum dots as a booster in the active layer of distributed ternary organic photovoltaics

• Gabriela Lewińska,
• Piotr Jeleń,
• Zofia Kucia,
• Maciej Sitarz,
• Łukasz Walczak,
• Bartłomiej Szafraniak,
• Jerzy Sanetra and
• Konstanty W. Marszalek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 144–156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.14

• outstanding excitation and optimum charge transport in the mixture. Small-molecule materials, dyes, polymers, fullerenes, and ligands have been introduced as a third component so far. Quantum dots (QDs) are also beneficial materials for ternary solar cells. QDs and nanoparticles as zero-dimensional materials

• , which favored the charging process of the metallic electrode. These were used to facilitate the transport of charge carriers between the electrode and the layer, which can become problematic because of limitations in the conductivity of organic materials. The changes in roughness presented from the AFM

• results due to dot doping align with the results presented in the work of Cha et al. [46], Lewińska et al. [47], and Ohring [48]. By design, quantum dots are supposed to play a different role as transport enhancers with their properties. Raman spectroscopy Raman measurements for P3HT and PCBM were

Assessing phytotoxicity and tolerance levels of ZnO nanoparticles on Raphanus sativus: implications for widespread adoptions

• Pathirannahalage Sahan Samuditha,
• Nadeesh Madusanka Adassooriya and
• Nazeera Salim

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 115–125, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.11

• nanoparticle uptake, transport, and bioaccumulation in the food chain when ZnO NPs reach the soil, which positively or negatively affects plant growth and productivity [16]. For instance, ZnO NPs at an optimum concentration of 0.13 g/L promoted seed germination and root growth of groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L

Development and characterization of potential larvicidal nanoemulsions against Aedes aegypti

• Jonatas L. Duarte,
• Leonardo Delello Di Filippo,
• Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Mota Oliveira,
• Rafael Miguel Sábio,
• Gabriel Davi Marena,
• Tais Maria Bauab,
• Cristiane Duque,
• Vincent Corbel and
• Marlus Chorilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 104–114, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.10

• ). Our results show that Cym-NE has a k value of 10.4, while Myr-NE has a k value of 3.3. A higher k value indicates faster drug release, while a lower k value indicates slower transport kinetics and, consequently, poor drug release from nanocarriers [43]. Furthermore, both Cym-NE and Myr-NE demonstrated

• a transport exponent value (n) of 0.3, indicating a release mechanism primarily driven by Fickian diffusion [44]. The free terpenes exhibited a value of 0.6, suggesting an anomalous transport mechanism for drug release. This mechanism involves a combination of diffusion and dissolution processes for

Study of the reusability and stability of nylon nanofibres as an antibody immobilisation surface

• Inés Peraile,
• Matilde Gil-García,
• Laura González-López,
• Nushin A. Dabbagh-Escalante,
• Juan C. Cabria-Ramos and
• Paloma Lorenzo-Lozano

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.8

• immunocapture system in NF and 96-well microplate, for each time: ***p < 0.001. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy image of NFs. Acknowledgements We would like to thank the whole team at Nieves Murillo of TECNALIA – Industry and Transport Division for providing the nylon NFs. Funding These results

Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• ], and environmental [17][18]. In recent years, scientists have been very interested in the use of hydrogels in electrocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen from renewable energy sources. These studies assume the use of empty spaces, thus ensuring efficient mass transport, as well as increasing

• designed to facilitate and increase mass transport; therefore, it is vital to achieve the desired three-dimensional structure of the material. In addition, the free space in the form of pores and the network structure within the polymer facilitate the penetration by the electrolyte, the diffusion of ions

• electrolytes in an electrochemical process. It provides a greater effective surface area and facilitates the transport of electrons and ions from the electrolyte to the electrocatalyst surface. As the morphological analysis showed, with the increase in the concentration of conductive carbon particles, the size

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• systems [19], nanoparticles [20], nanoliposomes [21], micelles [22], and nanocrystals [23] have been utilized. These systems can promote (i) protection of the drug against degradation in physiological media, (ii) increase in drug solubility, and (iii) modification/targeting of the drug enabling transport

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• using the transport of intensity equation. Using off-axis electron holography, we were able to directly measure the phase shift induced by the in-plane magnetization in focus and quantitatively. Using the same parameters as in the LTEM experiment, we kept the tilt angle of the sample constant and

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• properties of drug carriers. Keywords: atomic force microscopy; drug delivery; elasticity; mechanical properties; nanomedicine; nanoparticles; stiffness measurement; tissue/body distribution; Introduction Drug delivery systems are developed with the aim to transport a given drug to the site of action

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• interface between particles and the liquid in a solid–liquid suspension, enhancing the interfacial area can result in more effective thermal transport properties. Smaller particle sizes result in higher surface-to-volume ratios, consequently raising the thermal conductivity of the liquid. This is attributed

• heat transport properties of graphene, when compared to those of Al2O3 and CNTs, is believed to be the reason for the effectiveness of a nanolubricant containing graphene nanoplatelets in the optimum mass fraction. The thermal conductivity coefficient of Al2O3 and CNTs are around 40 [38] and 3500 W

• transport behaviour. The characterisation of the materials discussed in the Methodology section did not reveal any obvious impurities or defects. Nevertheless, enriching the characterisation of the graphene nanoplatelets may facilitate the understanding of the dominant effect of graphene on compressor power

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• facile lithium transport and possess a promising capacity of 2700 and 862/737 mA·h·g−1, respectively [16][17]. In the case of the synthesized nanoscale particles, a high level of Li mobility can be reached because of their developed surface and the interconnected ordered network of silicon vacancies with

Prediction of cytotoxicity of heavy metals adsorbed on nano-TiO₂ with periodic table descriptors using machine learning approaches

• Joyita Roy,
• Souvik Pore and
• Kunal Roy

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 939–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.77

• ability of TiO2 NPs to adsorb heavy metals and to increase their transport rate into hosts, increasing their concentration in the cell. Hu et al. [10] investigated the joint effect of TiO2 NPs and humic acid (HA) on Cd2+ bioaccumulation in zebrafish. In another study, Yang et al. [11] showed that TiO2 NPs

Ni, Co, Zn, and Cu metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials for electrochemical reduction of CO₂: A review

• Ha Huu Do and
• Hai Bang Truong

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 904–911, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.74

• low conductivity of MOFs hampers electron transport, leading to sluggish electrochemical reaction kinetics. To alleviate this problem, highly conductive materials such as graphene, and carbon nanotubes were combined with MOFs to improve overall conductivity. Additionally, the usage of pristine MOFs as

Green SPIONs as a novel highly selective treatment for leishmaniasis: an in vitro study against Leishmania amazonensis intracellular amastigotes

• Brunno R. F. Verçoza,
• Robson R. Bernardo,
• Luiz Augusto S. de Oliveira and
• Juliany C. F. Rodrigues

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 893–903, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.73

• possible to speculate that SPIONs use iron transport mechanisms to reach the parasitophorous vacuole and amastigote cytosol [21]. However, further studies need to be carried out to confirm this hypothesis and to elucidate the mechanisms of SPION uptake in promastigotes and amastigotes. We evaluated the

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• geometrical information, and the exponent n is the diffusional or transport exponent, that provides information about the release mechanism. However, it can also be viewed as a generalization for the explanation of two different drug release mechanisms that could coexist [34]. The mechanism that dominates the

• release can be inferred through the value of the release exponent n. For spherical systems, n will take a value of 0.43 for drug release governed by Fickian diffusion, a value of 1 for zero-order release, and intermediate values for intermediate behavior, often regarded as anomalous transport. In our case

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• NPs are necessary for Ag-based SERS substrates to function well. The microfluidic approach is a technique for the fine control and manipulation of fluids, in which capillary penetration is limited to the micrometer scale and mass transport dominates [9][10]. Microfluidic devices are used in various

Carboxylic acids and light interact to affect nanoceria stability and dissolution in acidic aqueous environments

• Matthew L. Hancock,
• Eric A. Grulke and
• Robert A. Yokel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 762–780, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.63

• , where it is known to dissolve and transform in the presence of chelating agents at low pH [15]. In cucumber plants, there is clear evidence of ceria uptake and transport throughout the plant. A fraction of the ceria formed cerium carboxyl complexes. No phytotoxicity was reported to the plant itself [16

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• enhancing device efficiency [10][11]. Consequently, the experimental demonstration of the sensitivity of KPFM to the narrower layers can be crucial for the investigation and comprehension of local surface properties and charge transport mechanisms at interfaces [12]. Within this context, this work presents

• KELSCAN [13], which evaluates the contact potential and surface photovoltage as a function of the position. The Silvaco ATLAS model solves the Poisson equation self-consistently coupled to carrier continuity and transport equations in the well-known drift diffusion model, which is given detail in [22] and

• not repeated here for brevity. The solution presented in this work assumes ohmic contacts and, therefore, Dirichlet boundary conditions fixing potential and carrier concentrations at the boundaries, as reported in section 3.5 of the SILVACO ATLAS manual. The ATLAS module solves semiconductor transport

Current-induced mechanical torque in chiral molecular rotors

• Richard Korytár and
• Ferdinand Evers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 711–721, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.57

• crossover between both regimes. To exemplify our results, we employ a helical geometry. Helical molecular wires have sparked a lot of attention because of reports of spin-selective transport [16][17][18]. This phenomenon falls under the umbrella term “chirality-induced spin selectivity (CISS)”. The full

• linear response (under the threshold current). A small symmetry breaking is needed in order to discriminate between the three states. Quantum effects are responsible for a rich transport phenomenology of molecular junctions [20]. Here, we pause to discuss quantum effects related to the electronic degrees

• manuscript will remain valid in the quantum limit. Two quantum aspects are significant in this context: (1) The electron transport process is stochastic, allowing for both transmission and reflection. Particle reflection off the helix can not induce any rotation, unless the following effect is considered. (2

Humidity-dependent electrical performance of CuO nanowire networks studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

• Jelena Kosmaca,
• Juris Katkevics,
• Jana Andzane,
• Raitis Sondors,
• Liga Jasulaneca,
• Raimonds Meija,
• Kiryl Niherysh,
• Yelyzaveta Rublova and
• Donats Erts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 683–691, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.54

• chemisorption and physisorption at the nanowire interface, which suppress electronic transport inside the p-type semiconductor nanowire but enhance ionic transport in the water layers adsorbed on the nanowire surface. Possible physicochemical processes at the nanowire surface are discussed in line with

• explained by parallel contributions to the net electrical signal from different conduction paths, for example, electronic and ionic transport inside the material and on the surface [29]. First, the conduction at very low RH is presumed to be primarily due to electronic transport inside the material. The CuO

• with the adsorbed oxygen and Cu sites on the surface also neutralize holes: [30]. Hence, the impedance can increase with increasing RH (up to about 50% in our system) because of the affected electronic transport inside the material. Simultaneously, as the hydroxy groups begin to form clusters on the