Fabrication of nanocrystal forms of ᴅ-cycloserine and their application for transdermal and enteric drug delivery systems

• Hsuan-Ang Tsai,
• Tsai-Miao Shih,
• Theodore Tsai,
• Jhe-Wei Hu,
• Yi-An Lai,
• Jui-Fu Hsiao and
• Guochuan Emil Tsai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 465–474, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.42

• was slowly added into 20 mL of tert-butanol (Merck-Millipore) and mixed with an ultrasonic cleaner (Creworks Co., Ltd.) at 40 kHz for 1 min. The mixed solution was filtered by suction filtration using a 0.2 μm filter membrane (Merck KGaA). The filtered solution was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm (Kubota Co

Comparative electron microscopy particle sizing of TiO₂ pigments: sample preparation and measurement

• Ralf Theissmann,
• Christopher Drury,
• Markus Rohe,
• Thomas Koch,
• Jochen Winkler and
• Petr Pikal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 317–332, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.29

• preparation on the results and confirm the method’s suitability for TiO2 pigment analysis. One sample was manually agitated, while the other underwent a 1 min dispersion in an 80 W ultrasonic bath. For sample A, the bimodal PSD typical of E171 is clearly visible in both spectra in Figure 2. Similar bimodal

• as in [11], differences in method M1 with respect to [11][21] are described below. These three methods differ substantially in all their characteristic steps, including ultrasonic bath dispersion in water, dry dispersion in a solid polymer, and the powdering onto a sticky sample stub without

• summarised in Table 11. Sample preparation and measurement protocol of RCPTM Prior to the microscopic analyses, the supplied TiO2 (E171) samples were suspended in acetone (at a concentration of 6 mg/mL) and shaken in an ultrasonic bath for 10 min. Immediately after the shaking stopped, a few microliters of

Determining by Raman spectroscopy the average thickness and N-layer-specific surface coverages of MoS₂ thin films with domains much smaller than the laser spot size

• Felipe Wasem Klein,
• Jean-Roch Huntzinger,
• Vincent Astié,
• Damien Voiry,
• Romain Parret,
• Houssine Makhlouf,
• Sandrine Juillaguet,
• Jean-Manuel Decams,
• Sylvie Contreras,
• Périne Landois,
• Ahmed-Azmi Zahab,
• Jean-Louis Sauvajol and
• Matthieu Paillet

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 279–296, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.26

Graphene removal by water-assisted focused electron-beam-induced etching – unveiling the dose and dwell time impact on the etch profile and topographical changes in SiO₂ substrates

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek,
• Jan M. Michalik,
• Inés Serrano-Esparza,
• Zdeněk Nováček,
• Veronika Novotná,
• Piotr Ozga,
• Czesław Kapusta and
• José María De Teresa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 190–198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.18

• induced in the SiO2 upper layer were cleaned for ten minutes in an ultrasonic bath with acetone, isopropanol, and O2 plasma before being placed in the microscope chamber. Graphene and SiO2/Si etching The samples were placed inside the SEM-Versa 3D (FEI), which also operates at LV mode. The chamber was

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• studied to treat schistosomiasis by using a nanotechnological approach. A method using ultracentrifugation and ultrasonic dispersion produced ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract-derived nanoparticles which an average size of 238.3 nm [64]. The author justified his choice to use this kind of nanoparticles

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• structure. The resist was patterned using an electron beam, which offers higher resolution than other sources (e.g., UV light) because of the smaller wavelength of electrons. Since the use of an ultrasonic bath will destroy the free-standing membrane, the undercut must be deliberately made larger to ensure

• etching opens further applications for TEM sample preparation for more complicated high-resolution nanostructures. We have developed a straightforward method to prepare a SiN membrane with nanostructures on one side. This method allows for the use of an ultrasonic bath, higher deposition temperatures, and

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• suspension was finally deposited on a glass slide and covered by a glass coverslip, both previously washed using 0.2% Hellmanex® cleaning solution and ethanol in an ultrasonic bath. After complete drying (15 min), 8 µL of mounting medium (ProLong™ Diamond, Molecular Probes™) was deposited on the dry drop of

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• . Firstly, the POE oil and nanoparticles were stirred in a mechanical stirrer, then the mixture was stirred with an ultrasonic stirrer. The mechanical mixing process was applied with the TOPTION MX-S mechanical mixer. Also, an ultrasonic mixing process was applied with the TOPTION TU-900E4 sonic mixer. The

• . The a) FE-SEM micrograph with a scale bar of 200 nm, b) FE-SEM micrograph with a scale bar of 400 nm, and c) EDS analysis of the CNT nanoparticles. XRD pattern of the CNT nanoparticles. The devices used to implement the two-step method are a) mechanical stirrer, b) ultrasonic stirrer, and c) precision

Isolation of cubic Si₃P₄ in the form of nanocrystals

• Polina K. Nikiforova,
• Sergei S. Bubenov,
• Vadim B. Platonov,
• Andrey S. Kumskov,
• Nikolay N. Kononov,
• Tatyana A. Kuznetsova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 971–979, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.80

• sonication in an ultrasonic bath SW3H (Sono Swiss). Once the films were drop cast on aluminum mirrors, the IR spectra were recorded. The synthesized Si3P4 NPs were reactive and emanated phosphine upon contact with moisture. Once the ampoules were opened in an inert atmosphere, particles were allowed to

• “WinXPow”. Elemental analysis was carried out on an X-ray fluorescence spectrometer S2 Picofox (Bruker) with total external reflection. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) samples were dispersed in an ultrasonic bath with hexane and then deposited on copper grids with lacey carbon film (SPI Supplies

A wearable nanoscale heart sound sensor based on P(VDF-TrFE)/ZnO/GR and its application in cardiac disease detection

• Yi Luo,
• Jian Liu,
• Jiachang Zhang,
• Yu Xiao,
• Ying Wu and
• Zhidong Zhao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 819–833, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.67

• to the mixed solution. The mass fraction of ZnO was 10%, and the mass fraction of GR was 0.1%. The particles in the solution were dispersed by ultrasonic treatment for 2 h. Finally, the solution was shaken and mixed for 3 h to obtain the electrospinning solution. The electrospinning solution was

Nanostructured lipid carriers containing benznidazole: physicochemical, biopharmaceutical and cellular in vitro studies

• Giuliana Muraca,
• María Esperanza Ruiz,
• Rocío C. Gambaro,
• Sebastián Scioli-Montoto,
• María Laura Sbaraglini,
• Gisel Padula,
• José Sebastián Cisneros,
• Cecilia Yamil Chain,
• Vera A. Álvarez,
• Cristián Huck-Iriart,
• Guillermo R. Castro,
• María Belén Piñero,
• Matias Ildebrando Marchetto,
• Catalina Alba Soto,
• Germán A. Islan and
• Alan Talevi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 804–818, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.66

• % amplitude using an ultrasonic processor (130 Watts, Cole-Parmer, USA) equipped with a 6 mm titanium tip. After the sonication process, NLC-BNZ were obtained by leaving the hot suspension to cool to room temperature. The remaining volume was then measured. Measurement of the encapsulation efficiency

Silver-based SERS substrates fabricated using a 3D printed microfluidic device

• Phommachith Sonexai,
• Minh Van Nguyen,
• Bui The Huy and
• Yong-Ill Lee

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 793–803, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.65

• in this work. The wafer was divided into 1 × 1 cm2 pieces, which were then cleaned with an ultrasonic cleaner in acetone (20 min), ethanol (15 min), and deionized water (10 min). The wafer pieces were oxidized in hot Piranha solution (45 mL of H2SO4/15 mL of H2O2) for 5 min. To perform metal-assisted

Cross-sectional Kelvin probe force microscopy on III–V epitaxial multilayer stacks: challenges and perspectives

• Mattia da Lisca,
• José Alvarez,
• James P. Connolly,
• Nicolas Vaissiere,
• Karim Mekhazni,
• Jean Decobert and
• Jean-Paul Kleider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 725–737, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.59

• reach a higher doping level around 2.5 × 1019 cm−3. Before starting the KPFM analysis, the sample was cleaved, and a surface cleaning was carried out to expose a clean cross section. We performed a chemical treatment based on sequential ultrasonic baths of acetone, ethanol, and deionized water. The

Metal-organic framework-based nanomaterials as opto-electrochemical sensors for the detection of antibiotics and hormones: A review

• Akeem Adeyemi Oladipo,
• Saba Derakhshan Oskouei and
• Mustafa Gazi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 631–673, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.52

ZnO-decorated SiC@C hybrids with strong electromagnetic absorption

• Liqun Duan,
• Zhiqian Yang,
• Yilu Xia,
• Xiaoqing Dai,
• Jian’an Wu and
• Minqian Sun

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 565–573, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.47

• provide locations for the deposition of Zn2+ via electrostatic interactions. Cao et al. [26] have reported the growth of ZnO particles on MWCNTs through a similar mechanism. However, in their case, the functional groups on the MWCNTs were obtained by ultrasonic treatment in concentrated nitric acid. Four

Carbon nanotube-cellulose ink for rapid solvent identification

• Tiago Amarante,
• Thiago H. R. Cunha,
• Claudio Laudares,
• Ana P. M. Barboza,
• Ana Carolina dos Santos,
• Cíntia L. Pereira,
• Vinicius Ornelas,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• André S. Ferlauto and
• Rodrigo G. Lacerda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 535–543, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.44

• composite MWCNTs were mixed with DI water (1% w/v) and sonicated in an ultrasonic bath for 2 h. The obtained suspension was centrifuged for 5 min at 2500 rpm, and the supernatant (0.6% w/v) was reserved. MFC was dispersed in DI water (0.5% w/v) using a Silverson homogenizer (10,000 rpm) for 10 min and then

Conjugated photothermal materials and structure design for solar steam generation

• Chia-Yang Lin and
• Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 454–466, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.36

• ratio, high porosity, and high mass transport. Therefore, they are often applied to SSG absorbers along with other macrostructures such as membranes and foams [29][52][53][54][55]. One noticeable example is the study of nanofiber-based light-trapping coatings [29]. Ma et al. proposed an ultrasonic spray

• , Copyright (2021), with permission from Elsevier. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. Fabrication process of PPy nanofiber light-trapping coatings by ultrasonic spray coating. (Figure 9 was reproduced with permission from [29], Copyright 2021 American Chemical Society). Surface morphology of (a) filter

A novel approach to pulsed laser deposition of platinum catalyst on carbon particles for use in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells

• Bogusław Budner,
• Wojciech Tokarz,
• Sławomir Dyjak,
• Andrzej Czerwiński,
• Bartosz Bartosewicz and
• Bartłomiej Jankiewicz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 190–204, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.19

• ™ (1100 e.w., Ion Power Inc., United States) by ultrasonic mixing. The ratio of the ionomer to the studied Pt-based catalyst mass in a dry electrode was 0.1. The disc-ring electrode surfaces were polished and checked for purity before applying the catalyst layer by cyclic voltammetry in a 0.5 M H2SO4

• solution deoxygenated with N2 (purity 5.0). The catalyst ink was mixed and suspended using an ultrasonic cannon (750 W, Cole-Parmer, United States), impulse sonication with 150 W energy for approximately 1 min. A 20 µL drop of the suspension was placed with a micropipette on the disc of the spinning

• catalyst containing 20 wt % Pt deposited on Vulcan XC-72R (Fuel Cell Store, United States) subjected to the same method as the cathode layer by painting to the opposite side of the Nafion membrane (Nafion™ 112, DuPont, United States). The anode and cathode ink were prepared using an ultrasonic cannon (750

Liquid phase exfoliation of talc: effect of the medium on flake size and shape

• Samuel M. Sousa,
• Helane L. O. Morais,
• Joyce C. C. Santos,
• Ana Paula M. Barboza,
• Bernardo R. A. Neves,
• Elisângela S. Pinto and
• Mariana C. Prado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 68–78, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.8

• nanosheets [6]. The energy may be provided by an ultrasonic bath, a shear force mixer, or a tip sonicator. The solution serves three purposes: it provides a medium to propagate the mechanical energy, suspends the exfoliated nanosheets, and prevents them from agglomerating again. The versatility of the method

• solution, and butanone. The mechanical energy necessary to delaminate the mineral was provided by an ultrasonic bath. We report a statistical analysis of the dimensions (measured by atomic force microscopy) of the nanoflakes obtained employing the four routes, evidencing that the exfoliation medium has an

• powder was exfoliated in each liquid medium by exposure to mechanical energy provided by an ultrasonic bath (full details in the Experimental section). Talc was manually milled down to a fine powder and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Figure 1a displays the results. All peaks are assigned to

Two-step single-reactor synthesis of oleic acid- or undecylenic acid-stabilized magnetic nanoparticles by thermal decomposition

• Mykhailo Nahorniak,
• Pamela Pasetto,
• Jean-Marc Greneche,
• Volodymyr Samaryk,
• Sandy Auguste,
• Anthony Rousseau,
• Nataliya Nosova and
• Serhii Varvarenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 11–22, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.2

• supernatant was eliminated by decantation, and the precipitate was suspended in 5 mL of hexane using an ultrasonic bath UM-2, 140 W (Olsztyn, Poland). The remains of propanone were removed under vacuum, and the resulting nanoparticles were resuspended in toluene. Then a stable colloidal solution of NPM was

Single-step extraction of small-diameter single-walled carbon nanotubes in the presence of riboflavin

• Polina M. Kalachikova,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Eldar M. Khabushev,
• Timofei V. Eremin,
• Timofei S. Zatsepin,
• Elena D. Obraztsova,
• Konstantin V. Larionov,
• Liubov Yu. Antipina,
• Pavel B. Sorokin and
• Albert G. Nasibulin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1564–1571, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.130

• biocompatibility of nucleic acids can support biomedical applications of such dispersions. Unfortunately, an extensive ultrasonic treatment required to obtain a dispersion of individual nanotubes might destroy fragile nucleic acid molecules so that their applications are somewhat inhibited. Flavin compounds are

• added to a 2 mM riboflavin solution in deionized water and stored for 14 days at room temperature in a dry chamber without exposure to direct sunlight. The final concentration of SWCNTs in dispersion was 1 mg/mL. Then, the dispersions were processed with ultrasonic treatment using Branson 450 digital

Induced electric conductivity in organic polymers

• Konstantin Y. Arutyunov,
• Anatoli S. Gurski,
• Vladimir V. Artemov,
• Alexander L. Vasiliev,
• Azat R. Yusupov,
• Danfis D. Karamov and
• Alexei N. Lachinov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1551–1557, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.128

• without exposure to room atmosphere between cycles of formation of different layers. Glass or oxidized silicon were used as substrates. The substrates were preliminarily cleaned in ethanol and distilled water in an ultrasonic bath. The surfaces were hydrophilized by treating the substrates with

Photoelectrochemical water oxidation over TiO₂ nanotubes modified with MoS₂ and g-C₃N₄

• Phuong Hoang Nguyen,
• Thi Minh Cao,
• Tho Truong Nguyen,
• Hien Duy Tong and
• Viet Van Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1541–1550, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.127

• synthesized as described earlier [39][40][41]. To combine with TNAs, 5 mg of MoS2 or g-C3N4 powder was dispersed in 2 mL of a solution containing 50 vol % ethanol and 50 vol % nafion solution as described in [40]. The solution was stirred for 30 min before ultrasonic treatment for 3 h to obtain a homogeneous

• ultrasonic treatment peeled the MoS2 material into thinner layered structures. This is in agreement with the SEM images, in which material with rather small and thinner structures scattered on the surface of TNAs was observed. The functional groups and chemical bonds of the as-prepared materials were

Orally administered docetaxel-loaded chitosan-decorated cationic PLGA nanoparticles for intestinal tumors: formulation, comprehensive in vitro characterization, and release kinetics

• Sedat Ünal,
• Osman Doğan and
• Yeşim Aktaş

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1393–1407, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.115

• of 0.2% [77]. The organic phase was added to the aqueous phase on a magnetic stirrer at 550 rpm. The resulting o/w emulsion was sonicated on an ice bath with an ultrasonic probe at 25% power for 1 min (four times at 10 s intervals), and PLGA nanoparticles were obtained. The nanoparticles were stirred

Laser-processed antiadhesive bionic combs for handling nanofibers inspired by nanostructures on the legs of cribellate spiders

• Sebastian Lifka,
• Kristóf Harsányi,
• Erich Baumgartner,
• Lukas Pichler,
• Dariya Baiko,
• Karsten Wasmuth,
• Johannes Heitz,
• Marco Meyer,
• Anna-Christin Joel,
• Jörn Bonse and
• Werner Baumgartner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 1268–1283, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.105

• inter-line separation of Δ = 5 µm. The linear laser beam polarization was kept parallel to the scan direction. Immediately after laser processing, the samples were cleaned for 5 min in acetone in an ultrasonic bath and stored in a desiccator. Figure 10 indicates the presence of the LIPSS at the entire