Plasmonic nanotechnology for photothermal applications – an evaluation

• A. R. Indhu,
• L. Keerthana and
• Gnanaprakash Dharmalingam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 380–419, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.33

• elements, nanospheres of gold, silver, platinum, cobalt, zinc, nickel, titanium, copper, aluminium, molybdenum, vanadium, and palladium have been analysed [98]. Although there were assumptions of homogeneity, sphericity, and no interaction between particles, the Mie theory-based scattering cross sections

Progress and innovation of nanostructured sulfur cathodes and metal-free anodes for room-temperature Na–S batteries

• Marina Tabuyo-Martínez,
• Bernd Wicklein and
• Pilar Aranda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 995–1020, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.75

• nanocrystals [50], molybdenum trioxide [21], manganese dioxide [51], and vanadium carbide nanoparticles [12]. For instance, the electrocatalytic performance of cobalt nanoparticles (CoNPs) was reported by Zhang et al. [45] who studied a cathode comprising hollow carbon nanospheres. The cathode displayed a

• -workers [12]. The electrode described is a three-dimensional self-supported structure with vanadium carbide nanoparticles embedded in carbon nanofibers. Since these compounds are promising regarding efficient batteries, increased understanding of the mechanism of the electrocatalytic processes is

• essential to further develop cathode materials containing metallic species. As noted above, Tang et al. [12] reported that vanadium carbide nanoparticles capture long-chain polysulfides and convert them into short-chain polysulfides through the catalytic mechanism schematically shown in Figure 6D. First

Electromigration-induced formation of percolating adsorbate islands during condensation from the gaseous phase: a computational study

• Alina V. Dvornichenko,
• Vasyl O. Kharchenko and
• Dmitrii O. Kharchenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2021, 12, 694–703, doi:10.3762/bjnano.12.55

• observed on silicon substrates [12][13]. Strong effects of EM were manifested in the processes of evolution of vanadium surface morphology [14], and in the epitaxial growth of semiconductor heterostructures [15]. It was found that at low deposition temperatures the growth of surface structures occurs

Molecular dynamics modeling of the influence forming process parameters on the structure and morphology of a superconducting spin valve

• Alexander Vakhrushev,
• Aleksey Fedotov,
• Vladimir Boian,
• Roman Morari and
• Anatolie Sidorenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1776–1788, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.160

• films. For highly mutually soluble metals, such as vanadium and iron (solubility of about 30% at room temperature), the quantum-mechanical transparency parameter is many times higher, TF ≈ 1.6. However, if the structural quality of the films requires deposition on a substrate heated to 100–300 °C, there

Atomic layer deposition for efficient oxygen evolution reaction at Pt/Ir catalyst layers

• Stefanie Schlicht,
• Korcan Percin,
• Stefanie Kriescher,
• André Hofer,
• Claudia Weidlich,
• Matthias Wessling and
• Julien Bachmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 952–959, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.79

• , Universitetskii pr. 26, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia 10.3762/bjnano.11.79 Abstract We provide a direct comparison of two distinct methods of Ti felt surface treatment and Pt/Ir electrocatalyst deposition for the positive electrode of regenerative fuel cells and vanadium–air redox flow batteries. Each method is

• approach yields improved mass activity (557 A·g−1 as compared to 80 A·g−1 at 0.39 V overpotential) on the basis of the noble-metal loading, as well as improved stability. Keywords: atomic layer deposition (ALD); oxygen evolution reaction (OER); redox flow battery; vanadium–air redox flow battery (VARFB

• of some RFBs (such as the vanadium–air RFB). The positive electrode of these devices has to perform the challenging OER and ORR on one material system. A bimetallic Pt/Ir electrocatalyst is used most commonly as it provides minimal overpotentials under strongly acidic conditions [3][8][9][10]. The

Epitaxial growth and superconducting properties of thin-film PdFe/VN and VN/PdFe bilayers on MgO(001) substrates

• Wael M. Mohammed,
• Igor V. Yanilkin,
• Amir I. Gumarov,
• Airat G. Kiiamov,
• Roman V. Yusupov and
• Lenar R. Tagirov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 807–813, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.65

• Abstract Single-layer vanadium nitride (VN) and bilayer Pd0.96Fe0.04/VN and VN/Pd0.92Fe0.08 thin-film heterostructures for possible spintronics applications were synthesized on (001)-oriented single-crystalline magnesium oxide (MgO) substrates utilizing a four-chamber ultrahigh vacuum deposition and

• analysis system. The VN layers were reactively magnetron sputtered from a metallic vanadium target in Ar/N2 plasma, while the Pd1−xFex layers were deposited by co-evaporation of metallic Pd and Fe pellets from calibrated effusion cells in a molecular beam epitaxy chamber. The VN stoichiometry and Pd1−xFex

• ; epitaxial superconductor–ferromagnet heterostructure; palladium–iron alloy (PdFe); vanadium nitride (VN); superconducting spintronics; Introduction Since its invention, rapid single-flux quantum (RSFQ) logic [1][2] based on superconducting digital electronics has been seriously considered as an alternative

Oblique angle deposition of nickel thin films by high-power impulse magnetron sputtering

• Hamidreza Hajihoseini,
• Movaffaq Kateb,
• Snorri Þorgeir Ingvarsson and
• Jon Tomas Gudmundsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1914–1921, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.186

• strength (at racetrack) using vanadium [30] and titanium [31] targets, respectively. Thus, utilizing HiPIMS for the deposition of ferromagnetic material can be very beneficial. Oblique deposition, sometimes referred to as glancing angle deposition (GLAD), is known as a PVD technique that leads to a film

Tuning the performance of vanadium redox flow batteries by modifying the structural defects of the carbon felt electrode

• Ditty Dixon,
• Deepu Joseph Babu,
• Aiswarya Bhaskar,
• Hans-Michael Bruns,
• Joerg J. Schneider,
• Frieder Scheiba and
• Helmut Ehrenberg

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1698–1706, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.165

• )-based carbon felt was subjected to N2-plasma treatment to increase the heteroatom defects and reactive edge sites as a method to increase the performance in vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs). N-doping in the felt was mainly in the form of pyrrolic and pyridinic nitrogen. Even though the amount of

• are as beneficial as the presence of oxygen functional groups for the improved performance of VRFBs. Therefore, for an optimum performance of VRFBs, defects such as N-substitution as well as oxygen functionality should be tuned. Keywords: carbon felt; defects; nitrogen plasma; vanadium redox flow

• energy sources during peak production and supply the stored energy to the grid during a depletion in the production. In this context, the all-vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is one of the most promising and flexible stationary electrical energy storage systems. Unlike Pb acid, Li-ion batteries or even

Porous N- and S-doped carbon–carbon composite electrodes by soft-templating for redox flow batteries

• Maike Schnucklake,
• László Eifert,
• Jonathan Schneider,
• Roswitha Zeis and
• Christina Roth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1131–1139, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.113

• ; porous electrode; redox flow battery; soft-templating approach; vanadium; Introduction In recent years, vanadium redox flow batteries (VRFBs) have attracted significant attention as a promising large-scale system for storing excess energy from renewable sources like wind or solar energy [1][2][3]. The

• energy is stored in the form of vanadium containing electrolytes, which consist of V2+/3+ at the negative and V4+/5+ at the positive side. These are flowed through carbon materials, which are usually porous felts or carbon paper electrodes [4]. Carbon electrodes exhibit good stability and electrochemical

• works described heteroatom doping that should provide more active centres for the vanadium redox reactions, and hence lead to a higher electrochemical activity [14][15][16][17]. But still details of the mechanism are lacking and contradictory suggestions can be found in the literature, as to which

Concurrent nanoscale surface etching and SnO₂ loading of carbon fibers for vanadium ion redox enhancement

• Jun Maruyama,
• Shohei Maruyama,
• Tomoko Fukuhara,
• Toru Nagaoka and
• Kei Hanafusa

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 985–992, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.99

• recently, a technique for nanoscale and uniform surface etching of the carbon fiber surface was developed and a significant enhancement of the negative electrode reaction of vanadium redox flow batteries was attained, although the enhancement was limited to the positive electrode reaction. In this study

• photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The activity for the vanadium ion redox reactions was evaluated by cyclic voltammetry (CV) to demonstrate the enhancement of both the positive and negative electrode reactions. A full cell test of the vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) showed a significant decrease of the

• sufficient activity has not yet been obtained. Recently, we found a method to efficiently expose the edge planes of the carbon fiber surface by nanoscale etching, which had a significant enhancement effect on the redox reactions of vanadium ions [15]. The reactions shown below are involved in the vanadium

On the transformation of “zincone”-like into porous ZnO thin films from sub-saturated plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition

• Alberto Perrotta,
• Julian Pilz,
• Stefan Pachmajer,
• Antonella Milella and
• Anna Maria Coclite

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 746–759, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.74

• . In the literature, (ultra-)thin porous alumina [7][25][26][27][28][29] and titania [12][30][31][32][33] are the most widely studied systems obtained from MLD metal alkoxides, and recently, vanadium-based materials were also investigated [18][34]. The porous thin films were applied as functional

The effect of translation on the binding energy for transition-metal porphyrines adsorbed on Ag(111) surface

• Luiza Buimaga-Iarinca and
• Cristian Morari

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 706–717, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.70

• VPP and FePP. There are also contributions for NiPP, but only in the “i” position (not shown in the Figure 4). For VPP we also found a small contribution of the 4s orbital of vanadium to the HOMO orbital (about 5%). The HOMO results are more disperse. While for MnPP we have a HOMO with an important

• of in the region between the vanadium atom and the silver surface. For MnPP and CoPP, only the spin-down component exhibits bond-like behavior. For the spin-up component a nodal plane for is present between TM atom and silver surface. As discussed above, the accumulation of electrons between two

• atoms is an indication of the chemical interaction while a nodal plane may correspond to an anti-bonding configuration. We note the presence of a stronger chemical bond for vanadium, where both spin components participate to the bond. This is consistent with the fact that, in general, TMPP molecules

Widening of the electroactivity potential range by composite formation – capacitive properties of TiO₂/BiVO₄/PEDOT:PSS electrodes in contact with an aqueous electrolyte

• Konrad Trzciński,
• Mariusz Szkoda,
• Andrzej P. Nowak,
• Marcin Łapiński and
• Anna Lisowska-Oleksiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 483–493, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.49

• doublets might be associated with a more complicated chemical environment [51], and the electrode preparation process leads to Bi disproportionation, as it was already reported for other Bi-containing materials [52][53]. On the basis of V 2p spectra, one can see the good chemical stability of vanadium on

• the surface of BiVO4. XPS investigations showed that before and after hydrogenation vanadium is mostly V5+ with a very small contribution of V4+ (Figure 3c) [54]. The most significant influence of hydrogenation was observed in the O 1s region. Before the process, the spectrum consists of two peaks

A review of carbon-based and non-carbon-based catalyst supports for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide

• Shahreen Binti Izwan Anthonysamy,
• Syahidah Binti Afandi,
• Mehrnoush Khavarian and
• Abdul Rahman Bin Mohamed

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 740–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.68

• excellent catalytic activity and its high resistance to sulphur poisoning [6]. However, some problems are still evident with the use of this catalyst, e.g., the vanadium species is highly toxic to humans and the environment, and excessive dust pollution will usually result from the upstream flue gas, which

• /TiO2 catalysts. They concluded that NO2 is vital for attaining faster reoxidation of the vanadium sites. There are two surface reactions that are usually involved in the NO removal system: the Langmuir–Hinshelwood and Eley–Rideal mechanisms [9]. It is believed that NH3 is first adsorbed by both Lewis

• influencing the promotional effect of SO2 in the system. Hence, there was a synergistic connection among CNTs and the vanadium species in the catalyst. Unlike in any other study, SO2 usually displays a poisoning rather than a promoting effect. In this study, the SO2 promoting effect is more likely associated

Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting performance using morphology-controlled BiVO₄ with W doping

• Xin Zhao and
• Zhong Chen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2640–2647, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.264

• precursor solution. Considering the poor electron conductivity of BiVO4, which leads to a poor photoelectrochemical performance (see Figure S1, Supporting Information File 1), we employed tungsten as a doping element because it has a higher valence than vanadium and an ionic radius close to that of vanadium

Two-dimensional carbon-based nanocomposites for photocatalytic energy generation and environmental remediation applications

• Suneel Kumar,
• Ashish Kumar,
• Ashish Bahuguna,
• Vipul Sharma and
• Venkata Krishnan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1571–1600, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.159

Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of polyaniline thin films

• Yuriy Y. Smolin,
• Masoud Soroush and
• Kenneth K. S. Lau

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1266–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.128

• that is formed. This simultaneous polymerization and doping has been observed previously, for example, with the deposition of oCVD PTh using vanadium oxytrichloride as the oxidant [31]. As discussed in our previous oCVD PANI work [41], the polymerization and doping of polyaniline using oCVD are

Atomic structure of Mg-based metallic glass investigated with neutron diffraction, reverse Monte Carlo modeling and electron microscopy

• Rafał Babilas,
• Dariusz Łukowiec and
• Laszlo Temleitner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1174–1182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.119

• . The ribbons for ND measurements were first cut into small pieces and then placed inside thin-walled vanadium cans of 8 mm in diameter. The diffraction patterns of the empty and filled cans were recorded and then the intensity of the empty cans was subtracted from the total intensity. The intensities

• of the raw experimental data are normalized by a vanadium rod sample and background corrected. Then, previously measured datasets were corrected by the MCGR software [21] to remove the remaining systematical errors. The ND data are represented by the structure factor S(Q) calculated as: where and

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• –TiO2 make use of its photocatalytic activity, there are also some applications of shape-controlled TiO2–graphene hybrids used in pollutant abatement [100], high-performance anodes for microbial fuel cells [101], and self-cleaning applications [102]. Vanadium oxide (VO, V2O3, VO2, V2O5)–graphene hybrids

• Vanadium has oxidation states ranging from −1 to +5. Binary vanadium oxides have already been proven as a potential material for studying superconductivity at high pressures and low-dimensional quantum-spin transitions [103]. VO2 has two crystalline phases, monoclinic and rutile. The monoclinic form of

• vanadium(IV) oxide can be transferred to the rutile form by a thermally induced, reversible treatment at 68 °C [104]. VO2 (M) behaves as a semiconductor whereas VO2(R) behaves as a semimetal. Vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) has very low electronic conductivity due to its low d-band mobility. It also shows a

Graphene functionalised by laser-ablated V₂O₅ for a highly sensitive NH₃ sensor

• Margus Kodu,
• Artjom Berholts,
• Tauno Kahro,
• Mati Kook,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Helina Seemen,
• Tea Avarmaa,
• Harry Alles and
• Raivo Jaaniso

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 571–578, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.61

• between deposited V2O5 and graphene. Keywords: ammonia; electric conductivity; gas sensor; graphene; pulsed laser deposition; UV light activation; vanadium(V) oxide; Introduction Graphene, being a thin (semi)conducting material, is a promising gas sensing system. Highly sensitive response, down to

• last 3d elements, scandium and zinc, the rest of the metals possess several oxidation states. The presence of several stable oxidation states serves as a basis of catalytic activity in redox reactions and is most noticeable for vanadium, chromium, and manganese. In particular, vanadium has the highest

• oxidation state in vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) – a good oxygen transfer catalyst that is (thermally) stable in air and vacuum [7][8][9][10]. Therefore, we considered vanadium oxide as a promising material for functionalising a graphene sensor in order to increase its selectivity towards reducing pollutant

High photocatalytic activity of V-doped SrTiO₃ porous nanofibers produced from a combined electrospinning and thermal diffusion process

• Panpan Jing,
• Wei Lan,
• Qing Su and
• Erqing Xie

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1281–1286, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.132

• nanofibers is possibly attributed to the V5+ ion doping increasing the light utilization as well as to the outstanding porous features, the excellent component and structure stability. Keywords: electrospinning; photocatalysis; porous nanofibers; SrTiO3; thermal diffusion; vanadium-ion doping; Introduction

Biopolymer colloids for controlling and templating inorganic synthesis

• Laura C. Preiss,
• Katharina Landfester and
• Rafael Muñoz-Espí

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2129–2138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.222

• conventional sol–gel methods. The preparation of sol–gel silicates have been reported by several research groups [71][72]. Nevertheless, the use of chitosan is not limited to silicates and titanates. El Kadib et al. [73] demonstrated the use of chitosan microspheres as templates for vanadium, tungsten, and

Quasi-1D physics in metal-organic frameworks: MIL-47(V) from first principles

• Danny E. P. Vanpoucke,
• Jan W. Jaeken,
• Stijn De Baerdemacker,
• Kurt Lejaeghere and
• Veronique Van Speybroeck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1738–1748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.184

• (V) The periodic cell used in this work contains 4 formula units or 72 atoms, and is shown in Figure 1a. This cell contains 2 vanadium oxide chains with 2 vanadium atoms per chain. Each V atom contains one unpaired d-electron, since the V atoms have a formal charge of +IV in the MIL-47(V) topology

• in absolute value (cf. Table 2), the resulting improvement in energy due to this symmetry breaking is about 300 meV for the 72-atom unit cell used. A more detailed investigation of the crystal geometry, presented in Table 2, shows that the vanadium–oxygen chains present almost identical bond lengths

• ] have been calculated to provide a better understanding of the superexchange mechanism in the vanadium oxide chains and the influence of the spin configuration on the electron distribution. For all spin configurations, the calculated V charge is found to be 2.44e and 2.43e for antiferromagnetic and

Liquid fuel cells

• Grigorii L. Soloveichik

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1399–1418, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.153

Magnesium batteries: Current state of the art, issues and future perspectives

• Rana Mohtadi and
• Fuminori Mizuno

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 1291–1311, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.143