Wavelength-dependent correlation of LIPSS periodicity and laser penetration depth in stainless steel

• Nitin Chaudhary,
• Chavan Akash Naik,
• Shilpa Mangalassery,
• Jai Prakash Gautam and
• Sri Ram Gopal Naraharisetty

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1302–1315, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.95

• power values increase, HSFL begin to deteriorate, and LSFL do not manifest uniformly across the surface, as depicted in Figure 2c,d. This increased power leads to more debris accumulation, resulting in inadequate formation of HSFL. Furthermore, with an increase in power, the surface cannot sustain LIPSS

• per beam spot area, f represents the repetition rate of the laser (1 kHz), d denotes the spot diameter at the focal point, and v signifies the scanning speed of the linear stage. As evidenced in Figure 3A, the spatial periodicity of both LSFL and HSFL remains consistent even with an increase in the

• depth of LIPSS for the broadband in the existing literature. As we know, energy penetration depth under intense femtosecond laser irradiation can be described by the following equation: where d is the skin depth of the material, is the intensity-dependent complex refractive index, and is the

Enhancing the photoelectrochemical performance of BiOI-derived BiVO₄ films by controlled-intensity current electrodeposition

• Huu Phuc Dang,
• Khanh Quang Nguyen,
• Nguyen Thi Mai Tho and
• Tran Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1289–1301, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.94

• , θ is the Bragg angle in radians, β is the full width at half maximum of the peak in radians, D is the particle size, and k is a constant with a value of 0.9. As shown in Table 1, an increase in the deposition current and VO(acac)2 concentration led to narrower peak widths and larger crystallite

• -splitting applications. (a) XRD patterns of BiVO4(146), BiVO4(224), BiVO4(226), BiVO4(324), and BiVO4(326) photoanodes. FESEM images of (a), (c), and (e) BiOI film under various intensities of current deposition, and (b) BiVO4(146), (d) BiVO4(226), (f) BiVO4(326), and (g) BiVO4(324) films. (a) UV–vis

• curves, (c) hole injection efficiency (ηsurface) curves, and (d) EIS plots for each photoanode. (a) LSV curves under chopped illumination, (b) IPCE curves for each photoanode, and (c) chronoamperometry curve of BiVO4(326) measured at 1.23 V vs RHE under continuous AM1.5G illumination in 0.50 M Na2SO4 for

Better together: biomimetic nanomedicines for high performance tumor therapy

• Imran Shair Mohammad,
• Gizem Kursunluoglu,
• Anup Kumar Patel,
• Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq,
• Cansu Umran Tunc,
• Dilek Kanarya,
• Mubashar Rehman,
• Omer Aydin and
• Yin Lifang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1246–1276, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.92

• easiest to use for biomedical applications as they lack mature DNA and other organelles [26]. There are various methods to load agents inside or attach onto the surface of RBCs by either chemical or physical methods such as (A) hypotonic presealing, (B) hypotonic loading, (C) electroporation, and (D

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• Tuyen B. Ly Duong D. T. Nguyen Hieu D. Nguyen Yen T. H. Nguyen Bup T. A. Bui Kien A. Le Phung K. Le Institute for Tropical Technology and Environmental Protection, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), VNU-HCM, Ho Chi Minh

• strawberries were covered with a white layer of fungi. Effect of NC and PE-CEO on properties of biopackaging materials. (a) FTIR spectra, (b) DTG, (c) XRD, and (d) tensile strength and elongation at break. Effect of cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion concentration (2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% (v/w)) on

• properties of biopackaging materials. (a) FTIR spectra, (b) water vapor permeability, (c) TGA, and (d) DTG. SEM images of the samples. (a) Nanocellulose (NC), (b) biopackaging (BP), (c) NC-reinforced biopackaging (rBP), and (d) reinforced biopackaging with PE-CEO at 6% (v/w) (rCBP). Bioactive properties of

Investigation of the solubility of protoporphyrin IX in aqueous and hydroalcoholic solvent systems

• Michelly de Sá Matsuoka,
• Giovanna Carla Cadini Ruiz,
• Marcos Luciano Bruschi and
• Jéssica Bassi da Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1209–1215, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.89

• the aqueous one, strengthening their suitability for topical drug delivery strategies. Macroscopic characteristics of solubilized systems: (A) water (0.4 mg/mL), (B) absolute ethanol (1 mg/mL), (C) 50% (v/v) ethanol (0.4 mg/mL), and (D) 50% (v/v) ethanol with 10% (w/w) P407 (0.4 mg/mL). Solubilization

Chitosan nanocomposite containing rotenoids: an alternative bioinsecticidal approach for the management of Aedes aegypti

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli,
• Vitor D. C. Cristo,
• Ivo J. Vieira,
• Francisco J. A. Lemos,
• Arnoldo R. Façanha,
• Raimundo Braz-Filho,
• Gustavo V. T. Batista,
• Luis G. M. Basso,
• Sérgio H. Seabra,
• Thalya S. R. Nogueira,
• Felipe F. Moreira,
• Arícia L. E. M. Assis,
• Antônia E. A. Oliveira and
• Kátia V. S. Fernandes

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1197–1208, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.88

• Maria A. A. Bertonceli Vitor D. C. Cristo Ivo J. Vieira Francisco J. A. Lemos Arnoldo R. Facanha Raimundo Braz-Filho Gustavo V. T. Batista Luis G. M. Basso Sergio H. Seabra Thalya S. R. Nogueira Felipe F. Moreira Aricia L. E. M. Assis Antonia E. A. Oliveira Katia V. S. Fernandes Laboratório de

• containing rotenoids (CFD – RI and RII). C) Controlled ionic gelation of CS with TPP-β-CD inclusion complex. D) Controlled ionic gelation of CS with TPP-β-CD inclusion complex containing rotenoids (CFD – RI and RII). FTIR analysis of pure rotenoids and chitosan-based nanoparticles. A) FTIR spectra of pure

• diameter (d), polydispersity index, and average zeta potential (mV) obtained by DLS. Funding This work was supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico (CNPq) and the Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio

Electronic and optical properties of chloropicrin adsorbed ZnS nanotubes: first principle analysis

• Prakash Yadav,
• Boddepalli SanthiBhushan and
• Anurag Srivastava

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1184–1196, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.87

• distinct molecular orientations, denoted as A, B, C, and D in Figure 3. Adsorption energies for these orientations are calculated and presented below in Table 4, with values of −0.389, −0.657, −0.593, and −0.440 eV for A, B, C, and D orientations driven by the physisorption phenomenon, respectively. Among

• electronic charge transfer from CP to ZnS NT for each molecule orientation (see below Table 4). The corresponding charge transfers are 0.073e, 0.095e, 0.109e, and 0.06e for orientations A, B, C, and D, respectively. The electronic charge transfer led by the weak physisorption phenomenon plays a critical role

• , and projected density of states (DOS) calculations. This analysis provides critical insights into how the adsorption of CP molecules affects the electronic behavior of the NT. The band structure and DOS profile for pristine ZnS NT and CP-adsorbed ZnS NT in orientations A, B, C, and D are shown in

Mechanical stability of individual bacterial cells under different osmotic pressure conditions: a nanoindentation study of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

• Lizeth García-Torres,
• Idania De Alba Montero,
• Eleazar Samuel Kolosovas-Machuca,
• Facundo Ruiz,
• Sumati Bhatia,
• Jose Luis Cuellar Camacho and
• Jaime Ruiz-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1171–1183, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.86

• a NanoScope V controller operated in fluid conditions throughout all experiments, using a pre-assembled fluid chamber with the appropriate solutions within a sealed O-ring. The instrument was operated in contact mode using MLCT probes from Bruker, cantilever D with a nominal spring constant of 0.03

• bacterial body, which ultimately significantly alters the profile of the obtained force response. In Figure 4C,D, histograms from FV maps for the obtained values for k and Y are given for the case of Milli-Q water. The rest of the data is given in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4. Although expected

• sample. D) Dimensions of PA obtained from AFM in different measured osmolarity conditions. Nanomechanical maps of PA were obtained in FV mode for the three investigated conditions with a maximal loading force of 500 pN. The physical parameters shown are height (A, D, G), stiffness (B, E, H), and Young’s

Crystalline and amorphous structure selectivity of ignoble high-entropy alloy nanoparticles during laser ablation in organic liquids is set by pulse duration

• Robert Stuckert,
• Felix Pohl,
• Oleg Prymak,
• Ulrich Schürmann,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Lorenz Kienle and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1141–1159, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.84

• . Figure 1 shows a representative result of colloids from LAL in acetone analyzed by SAED on ensembles of 300–400 HEA NPs. These findings highlight the formation of crystalline particles with fcc structure and estimated d-values of 2.09 Å (111), 1.83 Å (200), and 1.29 Å (220) during ps-LAL (Figure 1A

• ). This is in good agreement with former ps-LAL studies by Waag et al. and also by Löffler et al., who reported comparable d-values of 2.08 Å (111), 1.81 Å (200), and 1.28 Å (220), determined by both SAED and XRD analysis [18][35]. Conversely, amorphous structures were found during ns-LAL (Figure 1D

• ), showing no Bragg reflections. This observation was also confirmed by HRTEM micrographs of representative particles where a (111)-lattice spacing with a d-value of 2.08 Å (Figure 1C) was observable for NPs from ps-LAL, being in good agreement with the estimated value in the bulk target (d(111)-value of

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• illumination angle θ on the azimuthal angle φ (d), which was used to produce the predicted images (b), which now more closely resembled the experimental data. Comparison of measured and predicted radial intensity profiles for nine different nanospheres whose diameters were measured by SEM. An overshoot and

• rectangle in (a), which includes several of the 270 nm gold shells that are essential for good alignment of the stack. Plane-to-plane variation in the X-ray illumination (flicker) was corrected by normalizing the sum of intensities in each plane to a constant (d). A false-color scale

Influence of ion beam current on the structural, optical, and mechanical properties of TiO₂ coatings: ion beam-assisted vs conventional electron beam evaporation

• Agata Obstarczyk and
• Urszula Wawrzaszek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1097–1112, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.81

• properties of TiO2 coatings. Comparison of XRD patterns of TiO2 thin films deposited by (a) EBE and (b, c) IBAD before and after additional post-process annealing at 800 °C, respectively. (d) Dependence of the average crystallite size on Iibg for the annealed TiO2 thin films. Raman spectra of TiO2 thin films

• spectra of TiO2 thin films before and after post-process annealing at 800 °C deposited (a) without and with IBAD with (b) Iibg = 3 A and (c) Iibg = 4 A. (d) Dependence of the average transmission on the ion beam gun current. (a–c) Optical bandgap energy and (d–f) Urbach energy as function of the photon

• ) without and with IBAD with ion beam gun currents of (b) Iibg = 3 A and (c) Iibg = 4 A after additional annealing at 800 °C. The dependence of (a) hardness and (b, c) surface roughness before and after abrasion tests on ion beam gun current for as-deposited and annealed thin films. (d) Hardness, packing

Fabrication of metal complex phthalocyanine and porphyrin nanoparticle aqueous colloids by pulsed laser fragmentation in liquid and their potential application to a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy

• Taisei Himeda,
• Risako Kunitomi,
• Ryosuke Nabeya,
• Tamotsu Zako and
• Tsuyoshi Asahi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1088–1096, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.80

• shows the absorption spectrum of an AlClPc ethanol solution. (c) Laser irradiation time dependence of absorbance at the wavelength of 620 nm. (d) Absorption spectra of the prepared nanoparticle colloids 10 min (black line), 3 days (red line), and 7 days (blue line) after laser irradiation. Absorption

• of 8 μM. (b) HeLa cells: dye concentration 8 μM. (c, d) Concentration dependence of AlClPc and PtOEP nanoparticles for PC12 cells. Absorption spectra of the mixture (1 mL) of PtOEP nanoparticles (dye concentration ca. 30 μM) and DPBF (30 μM) before (red line) and after (blue line) light irradiation

Single-layer graphene oxide film grown on α-Al₂O₃(0001) for use as an adsorbent

• Shiro Entani,
• Mitsunori Honda,
• Masaru Takizawa and
• Makoto Kohda

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1082–1087, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.79

• structure are confirmed by Raman spectroscopy measurements. Figure 2 shows two sets of the Raman spectra of SLG and SLGO. In SLG/α-Al2O3(0001), four prominent peaks are identified, which are assigned to the D band (around 1355 cm−1), G band (around 1585 cm−1), 2D band (around 2700 cm−1), and D+G band

• (around 2900 cm−1). The presence of intense D and D+G peaks is indicative of the existence of graphene film disorder. This phenomenon can be attributed to the reduced size of the graphene grains that are produced at lower growth temperatures [18]. Following the oxidation process, a broadening of all peaks

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• -plane bending vibration, respectively [43]. The broad band at 3200 cm−1 could be attributed to stretching vibrations of hydroxyl groups (O–H) of hBNs or humidity. Supporting Information File 1, Figure S3 (d) displays the Raman spectrum of hBNs, which reveals a dominant peak at 1367 cm−1, in line with

• )] and the peak that appeared at 715 cm−1 correspond to [A1(LO), E(LO)] [54]. The UV–vis spectrum presented in Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4 (c) showed an absorption edge increase of BaTiO3 at around 300 nm [55]. Supporting Information File 1, Figure S4 (d) shows that the DLS spectrum provides

Soft materials nanoarchitectonics: liquid crystals, polymers, gels, biomaterials, and others

• Katsuhiko Ariga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1025–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.77

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• prepared using a co-rotating twin-screw extruder, type BTSK 20/40D (Bühler, Braunschweig, Germany), equipped with screws of 20 mm diameter and an L/D ratio of 40, and a two-opening die head without degassing [26]. Before processing, PBS was dried in air at a temperature of 80 °C for 5 h. First, a PBS-based

• film samples (50 × 50 mm2) with a thickness of 350 µm were stacked until the required thickness of 4 mm was achieved. Shore D hand-held hardness testers (Zwick Roell Group, Ulm, Germany), along with a specialized test stand with a load weight (Zwick Roell Group, Ulm, Germany), were used to ensure

• enthalpy of 110.3 J·g−1 for 100% crystalline PBS [31]. SEM images of PBS (a), CNTs (b), PBS/CNT_10 (c), and PBS/CNT_0.5 (d). MFR of pure PBS and PBS/CNT_0.5 nanocomposite as a function of temperature and applied load. TGA of PBS (green curves), CNTs (black curves), and PBS/CNT_10 masterbatch (red curves

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• shown in Figure 2C,D, no fluorescence was detected in HuDe cells, while in MCF7 cells we observed an evident, intense diffuse fluorescence at the cytoplasmatic level. The uptake only in tumor cells suggests the nanoassembly of 1 as a potential new agent for selective tumor cell imaging and nanocarrier

• the coupling constants (J) are given in Hz. The following abbreviations are used to designate peak multiplicity: s = singlet, bs = broad singlet, d = doublet, dd = doublet of doublets, t = triplet, q = quartet, quint = quintuplet, and m = multiplet. Flash column chromatography was performed on silica

• effects and cellular uptake of the nanoassembly of 1 (0.5 μM) in HuDe cells (A, C) and MCF7 cells (B, D). Green: nanoassembly of 1; blue: DAPI stain to visualize nuclei. Scale bar = 50 µm. (A) Absorption spectra of NOPD 2 (a) and the non-nitrosated analogue 2b (b) in water. (B) Absorption spectral changes

Time-resolved probing of laser-induced nanostructuring processes in liquids

• Maximilian Spellauge,
• David Redka,
• Mianzhen Mo,
• Changyong Song,
• Heinz Paul Huber and
• Anton Plech

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 968–1002, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.74

• Institute of Technology (KIT), Postfach 3640, D-76021 Karlsruhe, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.74 Abstract Laser synthesis and processing of colloids (LSPC) in liquids has gained widespread applications in producing nanomaterials of different classes of solids. While the technical processes in different cases

• , disappearance, or shift of structural features. The Fourier transform of the complete particle leads to SAXS at low scattering vectors corresponding to π/D with D being the particle size. In Figure 9C such a 2D depiction of ΔI*q2 is shown in false colors, where blue areas indicate negative difference and red

Shape, membrane morphology, and morphodynamic response of metabolically active human mitochondria revealed by scanning ion conductance microscopy

• Eric Lieberwirth,
• Anja Schaeper,
• Regina Lange,
• Ingo Barke,
• Simone Baltrusch and
• Sylvia Speller

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 951–967, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.73

• , 256 × 256 pixels, t = 45 min. (c) Statistical analyses for spherical to ellipsoidal shaped mitochondria (blue) and irregularly shaped mitochondria (orange), **: p < 0.05, ***: p < 0.1, Welch’s t-test. (d) Bar graph showing MCI*, first (yellow) and last (green) measurement of four repeatedly measured

• repeatedly from mitochondrial to nearly substrate height. (c) False-colour topography of 3 μm microspheres, 256 × 256 pixels, t = 150 min. (d) False-colour topography of a 1 μm microsphere, 128 × 128 pixels, t = 15 min. (e) Exemplary line profile of (c); The line profile on the edges of the microspheres

• drops abruptly to nearly substrate height, which was observed repeatedly. (f) Exemplary line profile of (d); Here no intermittency is visible because of the more cell-like shape. Scale bars: (c) 1 μm; (d) 500 nm. Schematic illustration of the morphodynamics of the mitochondrial network in cells and

Tendency in tip polarity changes in non-contact atomic force microscopy imaging on a fluorite surface

• Bob Kyeyune,
• Philipp Rahe and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 944–950, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.72

• experimentally observed changes of the tip polarity, while grey arrows denote polarity-preserving tip changes. Dashed black arrows indicate tip changes that were observed but are excluded from the discussion herein. Examples of polarity-preserving tip changes on CaF2(111) at room temperature. (a, d) Δf data

• acquired at (a) Δfset = −109 Hz and (d) −82.1 Hz with a top view CaF2(111) surface model overlaid. (b, c) and (e, f) Contrast profiles extracted along the direction of the unit-cell averaged data from image regions indicated by the square brackets. represents the distance between equivalent atoms along

• acquired at Δfset = −30.9 Hz (RT) and (d) Δf data acquired on a thin film sample at Δfset = −12.0 Hz (77 K). Top-view CaF2(111) surface models are overlaid. (b, c) and (e, f) show line profiles extracted along the direction of the unit-cell averaged data in the regions indicated by the square brackets

Synthesis of biowaste-derived carbon-dot-mediated silver nanoparticles and the evaluation of electrochemical properties for supercapacitor electrodes

• Navya Kumari Tenkayala,
• Chandan Kumar Maity,
• Md Moniruzzaman and
• Subramani Devaraju

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 933–943, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.71

• analysis was implemented to study the elemental composition of PG-CDs-AgNPs and the corresponding chemical interaction between PG-CDs and AgNPs, as depicted in Figure 2b–d. As illustrated in Figure 2b, XPS total survey profile of the PG-CDs-AgNPs is composed of carbon and silver elements, with binding

• energies of 285 and 368 eV, respectively. The high-resolution individual elemental XPS spectra of C 1s and Ag 3d are exhibited in Figure 2c–d. As shown in Figure 2d, the C 1s spectrum of the PG-CDs-AgNPs composite exhibited four primary peaks at binding energies of 282.9, 285.3, 287.1, and 288.5 eV. These

• absorption spectra of PG-CDs-AgNPs at different time intervals. (c) Excitation–emission PL spectra of PG-CDs-AgNPs. (d) Excitation–emission contour map of PG-CDs-AgNPs. (a) XRD patterns of PG-CDs-AgNPs; XPS analysis of PG-CDs-AgNPs: (b) XPS survey profile; deconvoluted XPS spectra of (c) Ag 3d and (d) C 1s

Structural and magnetic properties of microwave-synthesized reduced graphene oxide/VO₂/Fe₂O₃ nanocomposite

• Sumanta Sahoo,
• Ankur Sood and
• Sung Soo Han

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 921–932, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.70

• graphene [33][34][35]. The presence of rGO in the GV and GVF was further confirmed by the Raman spectra (Figure 3c). As shown, the peaks at ≈1350 and ≈1580 cm−1 correspond to the characteristic D and G bands of graphene. Interestingly, minor changes in the peak positions of these two characteristic peaks

• . The intensity ratio of the D and G bands (ID/IG ratio) was calculated to evaluate the defects in the NCs. For GV, the ID/IG ratio is found to be 0.44. However, the ratio is increased to 0.88 for GVF NC. Such a significant enhancement in the ID/IG ratio indicates that the introduction of Fe-based

• components caused more disorder and defects in the carbon structure [36]. Furthermore, the peak at ≈2700 cm−1 represents the characteristic 2D band of graphene. The Raman pattern of rGO represents such characteristic D band at ≈1343 cm−1, G band at ≈1582.4 cm−1, and 2D band at ≈2690 cm−1, respectively

Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• Thomas Henning Loeber Bert Laegel Meltem Sezen Feray Bakan Misirlioglu Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt Yang Li Nano Structuring Center (NSC), Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau (RPTU), P.O. Box 3049, D-67653, Kaiserslautern, Germany Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• statistically robust measurements, averaging over more than 107 pores during an experiment. Cross-sectional SEM images (Figure 1c,d) reveal distinct differences in nanopore geometry between thermal and PECVD SiO2. The full cone angle (β) in PECVD SiO2 (≈44°) is approximately 1.8 times larger than in thermal

• images were analyzed for both PECVD and thermal SiO2 samples using the methodology detailed in the Experimental and Theory section. Figure 4 presents the experimental data and the corresponding model fits, where Figure 4a,b represents data from nanopores in thermal SiO2 and Figure 4c,d shows data from

• nanopores in PECVD SiO2. Horizontal cuts are shown in Figure 4a,c, while vertical cuts at various tilt angles are shown in Figure 4b,d. The fitting models demonstrate excellent agreement with the experimental data across all scattering curves. Both samples were irradiated with 1.6 GeV Au ions and

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• D and 2D bands. The D band represents the disordered vibration modes of graphitic hexagonal layers, and the 2D band originates from the second-order double-resonant scattering process. In general, the quality of graphene layers can be evaluated by the ratio of the intensities of the D and G peaks

• ordered structure than that formed on the nickel-coated polycrystalline film. The Raman spectrum of the annealed Ni-SCD sample exhibits a weak D-band and a narrow G-band with the ID/IG ratio of 0.15 (see inset in Figure 6b). This value is lower than that for the annealed Ni-PCD film. Together with the