Nanocarrier-integrated multilayer films produced by 3D printing for improved skin adhesion and curcumin photostability

• Thayse Viana de Oliveira,
• Ana Paula Farias Leão,
• Júlia Leão,
• Cesar Liberato Petzhold and
• Ruy Carlos Ruver Beck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 440–453, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.30

• the complete 3D-printed films (FC-NC and FC, n = 3) were conducted using a texture analyser (TA.XT plus, Stable Micro Systems, Godalming, Waverley, UK). To evaluate the influence of chitosan, the bioadhesion of films containing curcumin or nanoencapsulated curcumin without a chitosan layer (FC-NC w/o

• using software (Exponent, Stable Micro Systems, Godalming, Waverley, UK) [28]. Photodegradation behaviour Photodegradation analyses were conducted in a mirrored chamber under an UVC lamp for 24 h, and all analyses were done in triplicate. UVC irradiation was selected as a stress condition to perform a

Interconnection morphology effects on the radio frequency response of carbon nanotube sponges

• Manuela Scarselli,
• Javad Rezvani,
• Zeno Zuccari,
• Mattia Scagliotti and
• Simone Tocci

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 343–351, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.23

• ) horizontally positioned inside a furnace (Lenton, UK). The CNT films were grown on a silicon substrate (n-doped) placed inside a quartz tube that was sealed and pumped down to 10−2 mbar to reduce contamination and remove oxygen. The temperature was then increased at a constant rate (5 °C·min−1) up to 750 °C

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• exposed to atmospheric conditions for up to four weeks before measurements, which facilitated oxidation of the surface of the Cu foils where no graphene was present. In a manner analogous to previous work [44], XPS measurements were then carried out using an Axis-Ultra (Kratos Analytical, UK) operating at

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• -potential of the nanoliposomes Тhe z-average diameter, the polydispersity index (PDI), and the z-potential (ZP) were determined using a Zetasizer Nano Series, (Nano-ZS, Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK), after diluting the optimal NL samples in 10 mM PB pH 7.4 (1:20, v/v). Measurements were made under the

• outlet of the MWD detector was connected to a DAWN 8+ HELEOS II MALS operating with a 658 nm laser (Wyatt Technology Europe). A DLS (Malvern Zetasizer Nano-S, UK) with an installed quartz flow cell (ZEN0023) was also used in this study in flow mode. Refractive index (RI) and absorption parameters were

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• equipment (Malvern Instruments, UK) at the corresponding incubation times [28]. 2.6 Phototoxicity and cytotoxicity The HCT-116 cell line was cultivated in RPMI 1640M medium, supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS), and 1% antibiotic/antimycotic solution at 37 °C with 5% CO2, in accordance with ATCC

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

Subdigital integumentary microstructure in Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkota): do those lineages with incipiently expressed toepads exclusively exhibit adhesive setae?

• Philipp Ginal,
• Yannick Ecker,
• Timothy Higham,
• L. Lee Grismer,
• Benjamin Wipfler,
• Dennis Rödder,
• Anthony Russell and
• Jendrian Riedel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 38–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.4

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• emerging trends in a wide range of optical sensing systems of VB12 in analyzing food and pharmaceutical products are also highlighted. Review Nutritional requirements of vitamin B12 The recommended daily intakes (RDIs) of VB12 in the UK and the US are 2.4 µg and 1.5 µg, respectively, which should be

• obtained by consuming animal-derived products, fortified foods, and vitamin supplements [2][31][32][33][34]. However, a higher dietary intake of VB12 for pregnancy and lactation is recommended. The RDIs of VB12 during lactation in the UK and the US are 2.0 and 2.8 µg, respectively. However, the RDI of VB12

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• scattering and zeta potential measurements DLS was used to determine the hydrodynamic diameter, and ZP was used to estimate the NP surface charge of both particles in solution. We employed Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Panalytical, UK) equipment. For DLS measurements, 70 µL of the sample (1.0 × 1012 particles

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• exposure of such chemicals (nanoscale systems) to the environment is very poorly managed worldwide, with the exception of a few countries, namely the UK, Germany, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, and Japan. Furthermore, the interaction of nanomaterials with biological systems remains poorly understood and

• ) conference, convened by SKT at NMAMIT, Nitte, with generous funding support from the SPARC program (Indo-UK Scheme: Project No. P3808). SKT also expresses sincere gratitude to senior professors and distinguished researchers, including the late Prof. Huzcko (Poland), Prof. Y.Q. Zhu (UK), Prof. Kuruvilla

• , Mr. Madhusudhana M. Devadiga and Anushree S. Bhat (NMAMIT, Nitte, India), for assistance in formatting during the preparation of the manuscript. Funding SKT sincerely appreciates the support of the SPARC project (P3808) under the Indo-UK scheme. Additionally, SKT extends heartfelt gratitude to Nitte

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• microbeads added intentionally have been put into practice by some countries, such as Canada and the UK, where microbeads are banned in cosmetics [133]. The EU has placed restrictions under REACH regulation to restrict commercial use of MPs [134]. France has taken further steps by mandating that new washing

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• complex, uncertain, and continuously evolving, reflecting efforts to assess their potential risks and benefits. Oversight varies across regions and involves multiple agencies (Table 5). In the EU, the European Chemicals Agency and the European Medicines Agency govern the regulation of CNMs. In the UK, the

• Health and Safety Executive and the UK REACH framework play key roles. In the US, regulation is led by the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration. For additional perspective, Japan’s Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry has also developed guidelines for nanomaterials

• evaluation of carbon nanomaterial-based nanocarriers for targeted anticancer therapeutic delivery. Selected international standards and guidelines relevant to the characterisation, nomenclature, and evaluation of nanomaterials. Summary of select regulatory frameworks across USA, EU, UK and Japan governing

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• using dynamic light scattering (DLS) with a Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Instruments, UK) at 25 °C. The measurements were based on a refractive index of 1.34 for the material. Prior to analysis, the samples were diluted at a ratio of 1:10 (βCp/distilled water). The reported parameters represent the

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• Natalie Tarasenka Department of Design, Manufacturing and Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, 75 Montrose st., G1 1XQ, Glasgow, UK 10.3762/bjnano.16.137 Abstract Shape-and size-controlled synthesis of nanomaterials has been a long-term aim and challenge of modern nanotechnology

Phytol-loaded soybean oil nanoemulsion as a promising alternative against Leishmania amazonensis

• Victória Louise Pinto Freire,
• Mariana Farias Alves-Silva,
• Johny W. de Freitas Oliveira,
• Matheus de Freitas Fernandes-Pedrosa,
• Alianda Maira Cornélio,
• Marcelo de Souza-Silva,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros and
• Arnóbio Antônio da Silva Junior

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1826–1836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.126

• using a Zetasizer Nano ZS instrument (Malvern Instruments, UK) at 25 ± 2 °C, with a detection wavelength of 633 nm and a backscattering angle of 173°. The zeta potential was assessed via electrophoretic mobility measurements using the same equipment under identical temperature conditions. For both

Multifunctional anionic nanoemulsion with linseed oil and lecithin: a preliminary approach for dry eye disease

• Niédja Fittipaldi Vasconcelos,
• Almerinda Agrelli,
• Rayane Cristine Santos da Silva,
• Carina Lucena Mendes-Marques,
• Isabel Renata de Souza Arruda,
• Priscilla Stela Santana de Oliveira,
• Mércia Liane de Oliveira and
• Giovanna Machado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1711–1733, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.120

• Instruments, UK) at 25 °C. Before analysis, the samples were diluted 1:1000 with Milli-Q water, a standard dilution used to prevent multiple scattering without compromising micelle integrity. Measurements were performed at a 173° backscatter detection angle. Zeta potential and electrical conductivity were

Beyond the bilayer: multilayered hygroscopic actuation in pine cone scales

• Kim Ulrich,
• Max David Mylo,
• Tom Masselter,
• Fabian Scheckenbach,
• Sophia Fischerbauer,
• Martin Nopens,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Linnea Hesse and
• Thomas Speck

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1695–1710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.119

• our samples inside the chamber, as well as a side view of the samples, were recorded externally every 10 min using a single-board computer (Raspberry Pi 4 Model B, Raspberry Pi Foundation, Cambridge, UK) connected to a temperature and humidity sensor (DHT22, Sertronics GmbH, Berlin, Germany) and a

Photocatalytic degradation of ofloxacin in water assisted by TiO₂ nanowires on carbon cloth: contributions of H₂O₂ addition and substrate absorbability

• Iram Hussain,
• Lisha Zhang,
• Zhizhen Ye and
• Jin-Ming Wu

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1567–1579, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.111

• Ultura DLD system (Kratos, UK), and the binding energies were calibrated to C 1s = 284.8 eV. The specific surface area and pore size were analyzed using low-temperature N2 adsorption–desorption measurements conducted with an ASAP 2460 (USA). The absorption spectrum of the sample was acquired through UV

Influence of laser beam profile on morphology and optical properties of silicon nanoparticles formed by laser ablation in liquid

• Natalie Tarasenka,
• Vladislav Kornev,
• Alena Nevar and
• Nikolai Tarasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1533–1544, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• Natalie Tarasenka Vladislav Kornev Alena Nevar Nikolai Tarasenko B. I. Stepanov Institute of Physics, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, 220072 Minsk, Belarus Department of Design, Manufacturing and Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK 10.3762/bjnano.16.108

• Foundation for Fundamental Research under Grant No. F 23 RNF-156. NT acknowledges the UK Royal Society Newton International Fellowship Grant NIF\R1\221880.

Acrocomia aculeata oil-loaded nanoemulsion: development, anti-inflammatory properties, and cytotoxicity evaluation

• Verónica Bautista-Robles,
• Hady Keita,
• Edgar Julián Paredes Gamero,
• Layna Tayná Brito Leite,
• Jessica de Araújo Isaías Muller,
• Mônica Cristina Toffoli Kadri,
• Ariadna Lafourcade Prada and
• Jesús Rafael Rodríguez Amado

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1277–1288, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.93

• the smallest droplet size was selected as the (HLBr) to emulsify bocaiúva oil [63]. Droplet size and zeta potential Droplet size and polydispersity index (PDI) were measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) with a Zetasizer Nano-ZS instrument (Malvern, UK). Zeta potential was determined by

• electrophoretic light scattering with a Zetasizer Nano-ZS instrument (Malvern, UK). AANE was diluted with Milli-Q water (1:25, v/v). All measurements were performed in triplicate, and results were presented as the mean ± standard deviation [42]. Shelf stability The selected AANE was transferred to an amber vial

• evaluated, from 10 to 70 °C, at the same time intervals mentioned above. Measurements were performed with the Zetasizer instrument (Malvern, UK). The nanoemulsion was equilibrated at temperatures of 10, 20, 30 40, 40, 50, 60, and 70 °C for 5 min prior to measurement [42]. Hemolytic activity Hemolytic

Functional bio-packaging enhanced with nanocellulose from rice straw and cinnamon essential oil Pickering emulsion for fruit preservation

• Tuyen B. Ly,
• Duong D. T. Nguyen,
• Hieu D. Nguyen,
• Yen T. H. Nguyen,
• Bup T. A. Bui,
• Kien A. Le and
• Phung K. Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1234–1245, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.91

• diffraction (XRD) was performed using an Aeris Minerals Edition from PANalytical (UK) with Co radiation at 40 kV. Biopackaging samples were clipped on a 16 mm holder and the measurement was performed using a 1/8° diffraction slit. Mechanical strength was determined at room temperature using a Testometric X350

• testing machine (UK) following the ASTM D882 standard. Testing was performed at a crosshead speed of 50 mm·min−1 using a 1 N load cell on 1 cm × 7 cm specimens at room temperature. Water vapor permeability (WVP) was measured using a modified ASTM E96/E96M-16 method. 90 mm diameter biopackaging samples

Towards a quantitative theory for transmission X-ray microscopy

• James G. McNally,
• Christoph Pratsch,
• Stephan Werner,
• Stefan Rehbein,
• Andrew Gibbs,
• Jihao Wang,
• Thomas Lunkenbein,
• Peter Guttmann and
• Gerd Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1113–1128, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.82

• , University College London, London, UK Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck Gesellschaft, Berlin, Germany Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät, Institut für Physik, Newtonstraße 15, 12489 Berlin, Germany 10.3762/bjnano.16.82 Abstract

Piezoelectricity of hexagonal boron nitrides improves bone tissue generation as tested on osteoblasts

• Sevin Adiguzel,
• Nilay Cicek,
• Zehra Cobandede,
• Feray B. Misirlioglu,
• Hulya Yilmaz and
• Mustafa Culha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1068–1081, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.78

• microscopy (PFM, Nanomagnetic Instruments, UK) was applied to evaluate nanoscale piezoelectric behavior using self-aligned conducting EFM probes with a spring constant of 2.8 N/m and a resonance frequency of 75 kHz. In vitro analyses To investigate the influence of hBNs and BaTiO3 with US therapy on

• osteoblast cell activity, the HOb cell line (cell line no. 406-05a, European Collection of Cell Cultures, UK) was chosen due to its sensitivity to mechanical and electric stimuli. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection, cellular uptake, scratch, and von Kossa staining assays (Abcam, UK) were

Multifunctional properties of bio-poly(butylene succinate) reinforced with multiwalled carbon nanotubes

• Volodymyr Krasinskyi,
• Krzysztof Bajer,
• Ludmila Dulebova,
• Nickolas Polychronopoulos,
• Oksana Krasinska and
• Daniel Kaczor

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1014–1024, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.76

• were prepared using an ion milling system, HITACHI E-3500 (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). To enhance conductivity, a 5 nm thick gold layer was sputtered onto all samples using a Cressington 108auto sputter coater (Cressington Scientific Instruments Ltd., Watford, UK). The structural analysis of each material

A calix[4]arene-based supramolecular nanoassembly targeting cancer cells and triggering the release of nitric oxide with green light

• Cristina Parisi,
• Loredana Ferreri,
• Tassia J. Martins,
• Francesca Laneri,
• Samantha Sollima,
• Antonina Azzolina,
• Antonella Cusimano,
• Nicola D’Antona,
• Grazia M. L. Consoli and
• Salvatore Sortino

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1003–1013, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.75

• equation: Dynamic light scattering measurements were performed on a ZetaSizer NanoZS90 (Malvern Instrument, UK), equipped with a 633 nm laser, at a scattering angle of 90° and at 25 °C. In a manner analogous to [70], photolysis experiments were performed by irradiating the samples in solution in a