Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light

• Tian Qiao and
• Ming Lee Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154

• to treat morning sickness in pregnant women. One of its enantiomers was found to have sedative effects, while the other was identified as teratogenic, leading to tragic consequences, including over 10,000 severe birth defects in children [4][5][6][7][8]. Promoting the separation and detection of

Optical bio/chemical sensors for vitamin B₁₂ analysis in food and pharmaceuticals: state of the art, challenges, and future outlooks

• Seyed Mohammad Taghi Gharibzahedi and
• Zeynep Altintas

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2207–2244, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.153

• derived products cannot provide adequate amounts of active VB12 for the human body, the supplementation of plant products such as breakfast cereals and nondairy milk is considered a possible dietary strategy for preventing its deficiency among vegetarians and vegans [2][6][7]. The deficiency of VB12 can

• ), and fatigue reduction [2][36]. VB12 deficiency represents a significant global public health concern, impacting approx. 6% of the global population and 1.6% to 10% of European communities [37]. The different demographic data showed that the most vulnerable groups to VB12 deficiency comprise geriatric

• ]. SPR sensors were also applied to determine VB12 in ten commercial milk powders in less than 6 h, where covalently immobilized VB12 on a CM5 chip acted as the recognition element, the chip surface itself served as the indicator platform, and the sensing signal was derived from resonance changes. The

Electromagnetic study of a split-ring resonator metamaterial with cold-electron bolometers

• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Leonid S. Revin and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2199–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.152

• , enabling operation in a wide frequency range from gigahertz frequencies to X-rays [6][7][8] due to a normal-metal absorber. CEBs offer several advantages over other types of receivers such as transition edge sensors [9][10][11]. These advantages include their micrometer-scale size, which facilitates direct

Ultrathin water layers on mannosylated gold nanoparticles

• Maiara A. Iriarte Alonso,
• Jorge H. Melillo,
• Silvina Cerveny,
• Yujin Tong and
• Alexander M. Bittner

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2183–2198, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.151

• century [3]. They are investigated, for example, regarding drug delivery [4], but they are also parts of actual products, for example, of sensors [5]. All this is based on the ease of synthesis, chemical stability, size tuneability, and unique optical properties [6]. The extreme dependence of the

• adsorbed viruses, which can either be transmitted mechanically or again become airborne. In any case, the role of air humidity for adsorbed viruses is poorly documented, and its influence on transmission physics is not known. We chose as models dimannoside gold nanoparticles (dimanno-AuNPs) [6] linked to a

• . Comparison of the two surfaces shows characteristic differences (Figure 6), as known from analogous investigations with tobacco mosaic virus [32] and with surface-layered proteins [24]. The dimanno-AuNPs are homogenously distributed on APDMES. Consequently, SEM images have low contrast (Figure 6A). Zooming

Hartree–Fock interaction in superconducting condensate fractals

• Edward G. Nikonov,
• Yajiang Chen,
• Mauro M. Doria and
• Arkady A. Shanenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2177–2182, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.150

• ]. Nevertheless, the HF potential cannot be neglected in the presence of external fields [4], such as impurity potentials [5][6], quantum confinement in nanoscale superconductors [7], and potential barriers at interfaces [8]. Such external fields break the translational invariance, which is the condition for the

• for Superconducting Fibonacci Chains To investigate the superconducting properties of a Fibonacci chain, we use an attractive Hubbard model with the grand-canonical Hamiltonian (absorbing the chemical potential μ) given by [4][5][6][8][19][22], where ciσ and are, respectively, the annihilation and

• –de Gennes (BdG) equations with positive quasiparticle energies consequently fall within the Debye window. The self-consistent calculation procedure follows the same protocol as for the periodic Hubbard model. First, we solve the BdG equations (Equation 6) using an initial guess for μ, Δ(i), and UHF(i

Missing links in nanomaterials research impacting productivity and perceptions

• Santosh K. Tiwari and
• Nannan Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2168–2176, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.149

• acceleration after the discovery of fullerene by Kroto and co-workers in 1985 and witnessed an even more rapid surge following the discovery of graphene and the award of the Physics Nobel Prize in 2010 [6][7]. Graphene is often referred to as a “wonder material” due to its seemingly infinite potential in

• policymaking. (5) Create standardized protocols and collaborative infrastructure through inter-laboratory validated methods, centralized pilot-scale manufacturing facilities, open-access repositories, shared instrumentation, and cloud-based simulation tools for reproducibility and scale-up. (6) Develop human

Microplastic pollution in Himalayan lakes: assessment, risks, and sustainable remediation strategies

• Sameeksha Rawat,
• S. M. Tauseef and
• Madhuben Sharma

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2144–2167, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.148

• increasing load of MPs in inland water bodies, for example, rivers, lakes, and estuaries [5]. For South Asia, especially, high MP loads in major river systems such as the Ganges and Brahmaputra have all been driven by rapid urbanization, poor plastic waste management, and hydrological connectivity [6]. Yet

• ”, “groundwater contamination”, “plastic toxicity”, “MP remediation technologies”, “bioremediation”, “SDG 6”, and “ecological risk”. Literature search was restricted to articles published in the period of 2010–2025. Peer-reviewed journal articles, book chapters, and technical reports published in the English

• -altitude pH variability. 6 Nanomaterial applications in microplastic remediation 6.1 Role of photocatalysis in degradation Photocatalysis uses nanomaterials to break down MPs by converting light energy, often UV or visible light, into ROS. These ROS, which include superoxide anions and hydroxyl radicals

Electron transport through nanoscale multilayer graphene and hexagonal boron nitride junctions

• Aleksandar Staykov and
• Takaya Fujisaki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2132–2143, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.147

• -dimensional lattice curvature [6]. The in-plane electron transport is a result of the high charge carrier mobility in the two-dimensional π-conjugated electron system. Deviation from the perfect hexagonal lattice by the insertion of heteroatoms, structural defects, or local disorder, creates electron trapping

• defects are results of C–C bond rotation in the graphene plane, which isomerizes a 6–6 ring structure to a 7–5 ring structure. Stone–Wales defects are commonly observed in multilayer graphene, graphite, graphene oxide, and their occurrence is temperature-dependent [15][16]. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN

• transforms Equation 4 to Equation 5, in which all matrices have finite dimensions: ΣL and ΣR denote the self-energies of the left and the right electrode, respectively, given by Equation 6 and Equation 7: The matrices VCL, VLC, VCR, and VRC depend on the overlap of HC with HL and HR, respectively. VCL, VLC

Quality by design optimization of microemulsions for topical delivery of Passiflora setacea seed oil

• Daniel T. Pereira,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Danielle T. Freire,
• Dayanne L. Porto,
• Cícero F. S. Aragão,
• Myla L. de Souza,
• Guilherme R. S. de Araujo,
• Ana Maria Costa,
• Wógenes N. Oliveira,
• Anne Sapin-Minet,
• Éverton N. Alencar and
• Eryvaldo Sócrates T. Egito

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2116–2131, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.146

• , Brazil 10.3762/bjnano.16.146 Abstract Passiflora setacea seed oil is a natural source of bioactive unsaturated fatty acids, notably linoleic acid (ω-6) and oleic acid (ω-9), with promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory potential for dermatological applications. However, its direct use is limited by

• underexplored wild species, such as Passiflora setacea [2][3]. Notably, seed oil extracted from P. setacea (OPS) is particularly rich in unsaturated fatty acids, predominantly linoleic acid (ω-6) and oleic acid (ω-9). Compared to other wild Passiflora species, OPS exhibits a markedly higher antioxidant capacity

• address these challenges, nanotechnology-based delivery systems, particularly microemulsions (MEs), offer a promising solution. Microemulsions are thermodynamically stable, isotropic mixtures typically composed of oil, water, surfactants, and co-surfactants [6]. Their spontaneous formation, high

Rapid synthesis of highly monodisperse AgSbS₂ nanocrystals: unveiling multifaceted activities in cancer therapy, antibacterial strategies, and antioxidant defense

• Funda Ulusu,
• Adem Sarilmaz,
• Yakup Ulusu,
• Faruk Ozel and
• Mahmut Kus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2105–2115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.145

• from antibacterial activity to tumor therapy activity [5][6][7]. The escalating global concern regarding antimicrobial resistance presents a considerable threat to public health. Researchers are persistently exploring alternative strategies to address this pressing issue and the critical demand for

• nm) was evaluated by a disc diffusion assay [23]. In this study, overnight cultures of S. aureus, B. subtilis, and E. coli clinical pathogens were inoculated separately on Mueller–Hinton agar (MHA) plates. NCs were dissolved in 10% DMSO. Following, sterile discs (6 mm diameter) loaded with 10 µL (20

• separate interaction exists between 6 sulfur atoms and silver and antimony atoms. Also, the obtained diffraction peaks are neat and intense, indicating the absence of other secondary phase peaks, and proving the successful synthesis of the desired structure. FTIR analysis was carried out in the range of

Toward clinical translation of carbon nanomaterials in anticancer drug delivery: the need for standardisation

• Michał Bartkowski,
• Francesco Calzaferri and
• Silvia Giordani

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2092–2104, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.144

• energy sectors (Figure 1). NMs have seen use as antimicrobial agents [1], catalysts [2], bioimaging agents [3][4][5][6], magnetic particle imaging agents [7], nanofluids [8], antiviral agents [9], photothermal convertors [10], and in environmental remediation [11]. Topically, the biomedical applications

• class, substantial variability in structure and surface chemistry can arise depending on the synthesis and purification methods employed, resulting in divergent biological outcomes. For example, carbon dots (CDs) smaller than 6 nm are typically cleared rapidly via the renal route, whereas larger CDs

Calibration of piezo actuators and systems by dynamic interferometry

• Knarik Khachatryan and
• Michael Reichling

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2086–2091, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.143

• ; Introduction Interferometric displacement detection stands as a cornerstone in high-precision techniques employed in cantilever-based atomic force microscopy (AFM), since its early days [1][2][3][4][5][6]. This method of cantilever displacement detection is specifically well suited for non-contact atomic force

Multifrequency AFM integrating PeakForce tapping and higher eigenmodes for heterogeneous surface characterization

• Yanping Wei,
• Jiafeng Shen,
• Yirong Yao,
• Xuke Li,
• Ming Li and
• Peiling Ke

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2077–2085, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.142

• nanoscale [1][2][3][4][5]. Among its various operating modes, tapping mode AFM is particularly prevalent due to lateral force minimization and its ability to give phase-contrast images of heterogeneous surfaces [6]. This mode involves oscillating the cantilever near its resonance frequency with the tip

• processes [6][26], complementing the absolute force measurements obtained from the quasi-static PeakForce feedback loop. This dual-mechanism approach enables the detection of a broad range of near-surface properties, including elastic modulus, viscoelasticity, and dissipation, greatly enhancing material

Molecular and mechanical insights into gecko seta adhesion: multiscale simulations combining molecular dynamics and the finite element method

• Yash Jain,
• Saeed Norouzi,
• Tobias Materzok,
• Stanislav N. Gorb and
• Florian Müller-Plathe

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2055–2076, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.141

• structures on their feet [1][2]. This bioadhesion mechanism has been studied extensively, especially for biomimetic adhesive applications [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Understanding these interactions presents a formidable challenge in biophysics and materials science due to the extremely small length and time

• elements of both MD and FEM. It facilitates synchronous information exchange between the particle and continuum domains through the coupling algorithm. Figure 6 illustrates these three domains. The pink region, consisting of MD particles, is the particle domain; the blue region, composed of a finite

• initial AP–MD bead distance serves as the equilibrium length of the harmonic spring. Figure 6 shows the APs as green particles in the bridging domain. Each green AP coincides with a blue FE node and is connected to a pink MD bead by a black harmonic spring. A suitable choice of the MD-coupling spring

Stereodiscrimination of guests in chiral organosilica aerogels studied by ESR spectroscopy

• Sebastian Polarz,
• Yasar Krysiak,
• Martin Wessig and
• Florian Kuhlmann

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2034–2054, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.140

• electromagnetic properties, enabling the development of metamaterials with negative refractive indices or chiral photonic crystals, which can manipulate light in novel ways. Another exciting area of research in chiral materials is developing supports for enantioselective catalysis [5][6]. Enantiomers are

• pentane was added and non-soluble volatiles were removed by centrifugation. The resulting gel was purified by column chromatography in DCM/EE 10:1→6:1. Finally, 1.30 g ʟ-1,3-bis(triisoporpoxysilyl)aniline-Ser-NH-Fmoc (1.60 mmol, 54%) was obtained as a colorless gel. 1H NMR (400.1 MHz, toluol-d8) δ 1.27 (d

• washed with toluol for 3 d. ArFSH-FmocAlaNHzoSIL: SH-FmocAlaNHzoSIL is added to a degassed solution of pentafluorostyrene (0.312 g, 1.61 mmoL) and DMPA (5 mg, 0.04 mmol) in 10 mL of toluol. The material was infiltrated overnight. The material in solution was irradiated with UV light (λ = 365 nm) for 6 h

Beyond the shell: exploring polymer–lipid interfaces in core–shell nanofibers to carry hyaluronic acid and β-caryophyllene

• Aline Tavares da Silva Barreto,
• Francisco Alexandrino-Júnior,
• Bráulio Soares Arcanjo,
• Paulo Henrique de Souza Picciani and
• Kattya Gyselle de Holanda e Silva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2015–2033, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.139

• advancements in the controlled release of diverse bioactive compounds [5][6][7][8][9][10]. Among the various nanostructured platforms explored for these purposes, nanofibers have gained attention due to their high surface area, adjustable porosity, and robust mechanical properties, which set them apart from

The cement of the tube-dwelling polychaete Sabellaria alveolata: a complex composite adhesive material

• Emilie Duthoo,
• Aurélie Lambert,
• Pierre Becker,
• Carla Pugliese,
• Jean-Marc Baele,
• Arnaud Delfairière,
• Matthew J. Harrington and
• Patrick Flammang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1998–2014, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.138

• tube-dwelling worms that build their tube using a specialized building organ located near the mouth. The two finger-like lobes of this organ allow them to manipulate sand grains or shell fragments and to glue them together with several spots of a strong proteinaceous cement [6][7][8][9]. The building

• either homogeneous or heterogeneous containing inclusions [6][10][11][12]. The adhesive proteins are packaged into secretory granules via a process called complex coacervation, which involves the aggregation of oppositely charged proteins along with a sulfated polysaccharide and significant amounts of

• ). After curing for 1 h at 80 °C, a transverse section of the mounted tubes was finely ground with SiC grit 800 abrasive suspensions on a high-flatness cast-iron lapping plate. The sections were then polished in three steps on textile cloths soaked with diamond suspensions of 6, 3, and 1 µm, respectively

Laser ablation in liquids for shape-tailored synthesis of nanomaterials: status and challenges

• Natalie Tarasenka

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1963–1997, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.137

• . Combining both top-down and bottom-up strategies, laser-assisted methods are demonstrating the prospects to become a versatile nanoscale manufacturing strategy based on clean, sustainable, and large-scale approach applicable to a broad range of nanomaterials [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11]. The current

• , and focusing conditions. The processes occurring during plasma stage are extensively investigated and simulated (Figure 1b) [5][6]. According to the described mechanism, the induction of nonspherical shapes is possible by either variation of the conditions of plasma propagation and expansion or by

• of NP production with an exact shape. In fact, a change of the liquid composition alters all the conditions of the plasma and cavitation generation and evolution, which explains the shape change (Figure 6). The composition of the liquid also guides the chemical processes occurring with the ejected

Mechanical property measurements enabled by short-term Fourier-transform of atomic force microscopy thermal deflection analysis

• Thomas Mathias,
• Roland Bennewitz and
• Philip Egberts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1952–1962, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.136

• bring physical values or interpretation to the data that is collected by the AFM, allowing operators of the technique to compare their measurements across fields [6]. CR-AFM is a technique that was established in 2008, allowing for the measurement of mechanical properties (elastic modulus and

• normal force for the DMT, JKR, and COS models are then given by Equation 5, Equation 6, and Equation 7, respectively [24][28]: where R is the tip radius and Fa is the adhesive force. In Equation 7, we use the transition parameter λ to bridge the two contact streams. We then denote and and γ is the work

• spectral analysis techniques, can sufficient temporal resolution of the oscillatory changes in the AFM cantilever within a single experiment be captured to perform such mechanical analysis and allow for the limits of the analytical models to be better validated. Figure 6 shows SEM images of two of the tips

Evaluating metal-organic precursors for focused ion beam-induced deposition through solid-layer decomposition analysis

• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Katarzyna Madajska,
• Aleksandra Butrymowicz-Kubiak,
• Franciszek Krok and
• Iwona B. Szymańska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1942–1951, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.135

• or ion beam-induced deposition (FEBID/FIBID) allows for the precise fabrication of two- and three-dimensional nanostructures with well-defined shapes and dimensions ranging from 5 to 10 nm [1][5][6][7][8][9][10]. This high spatial resolution is achieved by precisely controlling the position and

• algorithms to separate and identify individual components within the irradiated sample. This process is essential for obtaining accurate and reliable information about the chemical composition of developed deposits. (6) Determining the chemical composition of the developed structures using the EDX ZAF

Quantum circuits with SINIS structures

• Mikhail Tarasov,
• Mikhail Fominskii,
• Aleksandra Gunbina,
• Artem Krasilnikov,
• Maria Mansfeld,
• Dmitrii Kukushkin,
• Andrei Maruhno,
• Valeria Ievleva,
• Mikhail Strelkov,
• Daniil Zhogov,
• Konstantin Arutyunov,
• Vyacheslav Vdovin,
• Vladislav Stolyarov and
• Valerian Edelman

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1931–1941, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.134

• devices are manufactured on their basis [1][2][3]. These extend from cryogenic thermometers [4][5][6] and electron coolers [7][8][9][10] to various detectors such as Andreev bolometers [11][12][13], cold electron bolometers [14][15], superconductor–insulator–normal metal–insulator–superconductor (SINIS

• solid-state, cryogen-free microrefrigerator, which could eventually cover temperatures from the ambient down to the millikelvin range. Figure 5 shows photographs of a two-stage SINIS cooler. The performance of a single-stage SINIS cooler is presented in Figure 6. SINIS detectors The SINIS detector is a

• thermodynamic temperature of Jupiter at 100 GHz is 172.6 K; the angular diameter of Jupiter is 41.68 arcsec; the BTA main mirror diameter is 6 m, and the aperture efficiency of 0.8 gives an effective area of Aeff = 22.6 m2. The solid angle occupied by Jupiter is of the order of Ω = 3.20 × 10−8 sr. The spectral

PEGylated lipids in lipid nanoparticle delivery dynamics and therapeutic innovation

• Peiyang Gao

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1914–1930, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.133

• challenges; for instance, it can lead to faster immune clearance upon repeated dosing [5]. These characteristics highlight the critical role of PEG lipids in achieving a balance between stability and functionality in LNP formulations [6]. To overcome persistent challenges and extend the utility of PEGylation

• administration of these LNPs into C57BL/6 mice further revealed that the LNPs with 1.5% PEG achieved the most potent gene silencing. In contrast, the LNPs with 5.0% and 10.0% PEG required higher doses to achieve similar effects, which demonstrated an inverse relationship between PEG molar fraction and delivery

• proinflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-6, and IFN-γ; this immune-stimulation supported robust IgG- and IFN-γ-producing T cell responses after repeated dosing [75]. A similar effect was observed in another study, where mice with pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies exhibited a modest increase in OVA-specific IgG

Targeting the vector of arboviruses Aedes aegypti with nanoemulsions based on essential oils: a review with focus on larvicidal and repellent properties

• Laryssa Ferreira do Nascimento Silva,
• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Mariana Alice Gonzaga Gabú,
• Maria Cecilia Queiroga dos Santos,
• Daiane Rodrigues dos Santos,
• Mylena Lemos dos Santos,
• Gabriel Bezerra Faierstein,
• Rosângela Maria Rodrigues Barbosa and
• Fabio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1894–1913, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.132

• vector competence [5][6]. However, Ae. albopictus has been reported as the main or even the sole vector responsible for arbovirus transmission in certain regions of the world, demonstrating significant epidemiological relevance under specific ecological conditions [7]. Therefore, these arthropods play a

Programmable soliton dynamics in all-Josephson-junction logic cells and networks

• Vsevolod I. Ruzhickiy,
• Anastasia A. Maksimovskaya,
• Sergey V. Bakurskiy,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Maxim V. Tereshonok,
• Mikhail Yu. Kupriyanov,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1883–1893, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.131

• ; superconducting neural networks; Introduction The rapid advancement of Josephson junction (JJ) logic circuits [1][2][3][4][5] and neuromorphic networks [6][7][8][9] holds transformative potential for ultra-low-power computing. However, achieving scalable integration remains a critical bottleneck, as conventional

• sign, and all summands with φk,j(h) are written with a plus sign. Additional currents (e.g., the bias current or the time-dependent current from the generator) are also included as components. After writing down Equation 6 for each node, a system of second-order diffeomorphic equations are obtained

• capacitance matrix), which is defined by the capacitive coupling coefficients from Equation 6. A key property of is its sparsity, which arises directly from the local connectivity of the circuit topology; each node is connected to a small subset of other nodes. To increase computational efficiency, we

Low-temperature AFM with a microwave cavity optomechanical transducer

• Ermes Scarano,
• Elisabet K. Arvidsson,
• August K. Roos,
• Erik Holmgren,
• Riccardo Borgani,
• Mats O. Tholén and
• David B. Haviland

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 1873–1882, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.130

• ], tests of quantum gravity [3][4][5], force microscopy [6][7][8], magnetometry [9][10], and quantum state transfer [11][12][13]. In some cases, further improvement on fundamental figures of merit is required, while, in other cases, the difficulty lies in balancing trade-offs to find an optimal design that