Durable antimicrobial activity of fabrics functionalized with zeolite ion-exchanged nanomaterials against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli

• Perla Sánchez-López,
• Kendra Ramirez Acosta,
• Sergio Fuentes Moyado,
• Ruben Dario Cadena-Nava and
• Elena Smolentseva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 262–274, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.18

• nanotechnology has expanded into different areas of science, including physics, chemistry, biology, and medicine, over the past few decades [1][2]. Recently, nanoparticles (NPs), nanomaterials, and nanocomposites have been applied in various fields, including medicine and biotechnology, to reduce the recurrence

• bacteria. The synthesis conditions, including concentration (1% and 2%), temperature (25 and 80 °C), and order of the ZnO NP application during the pad–dry–cure method were studied by Eskani and coworkers. Antibacterial activity of the treated fabrics was evaluated against S. aureus and E. coli [34

• impurities in the samples were found. SEM analysis Figure 2 shows the micrographs of bramante fabric before and after its functionalization with 0.5 g of Ag/CBV-600, Cu/CBV-600, and Zn/CBV-600 nanomaterials using the pad–dry–cure method. As seen in Figure 2a, the original fabric did not show fiber

Multilayered hyperbolic Au/TiO₂ nanostructures for enhancing the nonlinear response around the epsilon-near-zero point

• Fernando Arturo Araiza-Sixtos,
• Mauricio Gomez-Robles,
• Rafael Salas-Montiel and
• Raúl Rangel-Rojo

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 251–261, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.17

• available materials in nature that present hyperbolic dispersion, such as bismuth and 2D graphene sheets [2], indium tin oxide (ITO) [3], and aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) [4]. HMMs are highly anisotropic and exhibit some interesting properties, including strong enhancement of spontaneous emission

• electron beam and Au layers via Joule effect deposition, both at a deposition rate of 0.15 nm·s−1 and a base pressure of 2 µTorr. The target thickness for Au was 10 nm, while that of TiO2 was varied from 44 to 72 nm to achieve ENZ properties at or around the working wavelength of 800 nm. Every structure

• , 0.82, 0.96, and 1.09 GW·cm−2. We studied the nonlinear response as a function of the input peak irradiance in order to reduce the error in the determination of the nonlinear parameters when only using a single measurement. We performed the z-scan for the single layers of the constituting materials. For

Comparative study on 3D morphologies of delignified, single tracheids and fibers of five wood species

• Helen Gorges,
• Felicitas von Usslar,
• Cordt Zollfrank,
• Silja Flenner,
• Imke Greving,
• Martin Müller,
• Clemens F. Schaber,
• Chuchu Li and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 239–250, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.16

• delignification. The 3D models provide a valuable resource for (1) understanding interspecies differences of fibers and tracheids, (2) optimizing the use of delignified wood in industrial applications (including bio-based and bio-inspired materials), and (3) physical modeling of wood regarding questions of wood

• biomechanics and water management. Keywords: 3D models; delignification; tracheid; wood; X-ray nanotomography; Introduction Wood fibers in hardwood and tracheids in softwood play a crucial role in the structure and function of vascular plants, particularly in water conduction and mechanical support [1][2

• , first using distilled water and acetone (1:6, v/v, ≥99.5%, Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), followed by toluene (≥99.5%, Carl Roth) for 24 h each. Afterwards, toluene was washed out by extraction with ethanol for 2 h, and the samples were dried at reduced pressure overnight (15 mbar, 40 °C). For

Gold nanoparticle-decorated reduced graphene oxide as a highly effective catalyst for the selective α,β-dehydrogenation of N-alkyl-4-piperidones

• Brenda Flore Kenyim,
• Mihir Tzalis,
• Marilyn Kaul,
• Robert Oestreich,
• Aysenur Limon,
• Chancellin Pecheu Nkepdep and
• Christoph Janiak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 218–238, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.15

• scale have led to many catalytic studies at the industrial and laboratory scale [1]. Nanocatalysis is no longer just an academic field, but a rapidly evolving field for industries wishing to develop green and sustainable processes with very high turnover numbers, turnover rates, and stabilities [2]. The

• largely below 2 nm and indicate a predominantly microporous structure (Figure S1a, Supporting Information File 1), which may limit mass transport and hinder catalytic performance in reactions requiring easy access to active sites. Reduced graphene oxide has a moderate BET surface area (231 m2·g−1), but

• the highest total pore volume (2.03 cm3·g−1). The pore diameters extend into the mesoporous region (2–50 nm) for a large fraction of the pores (Figure S1b, Supporting Information File 1). This combination suggests a more open and accessible porous network, facilitating better mass transport and

Micro- and nanoscale effects in biological and bioinspired materials and surfaces

• Thies H. Büscher,
• Rhainer Guillermo Ferreira,
• Manuela Rebora and
• Stanislav N. Gorb

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 214–217, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.14

• surface structures and their surroundings at nano-, micro-, and macroscales [1]. The physical constraints shaping such interactions are complex for all organisms, including bacteria, plants, and animals and of relevance across all habitats [2]. Understanding these interactions and the functionality of

• ][6][7], functions of animal surfaces [2][8], and timely reviews on bioinspired nanotechnology [9][10][11], it was decided to continue with a second thematic issue. This second thematic issue was initiated to address the great interest across readers and authors that took note of the previous issue as

Time of flight secondary ion mass spectrometry imaging of contaminant species in chemical vapour deposited graphene on copper

• Barry Brennan,
• Vlad-Petru Veigang-Radulescu,
• Philipp Braeuninger-Weimer,
• Stephan Hofmann and
• Andrew J. Pollard

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 200–213, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.13

• ; Introduction The development of high quality, high throughput, and highly consistent chemical vapour deposition (CVD) processes for the growth of graphene is one of the major milestones that need to be overcome before the potential properties of graphene can be fully realised for device purposes [1][2][3][4

• a Wyko NT1100 White Light Optical Profiling System using a 20× magnification in vertical scanning interferometry (VSI) mode. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried out with a Carl Zeiss SIGMA VP at an acceleration voltage of 2 kV to ensure sample consistency. Four separate Cu foil samples

• × 10−2 mbar. The Cu foils were placed into the CVD chamber and the temperature was ramped to 1065 °C at 100 °C/min in either an Ar atmosphere (Ar) or a 4:1 (200 SCCM:50 SCCM) mixture of Ar and H2 (Ar:H2). The samples were then held at 1065 °C for an annealing time of 30 min. Subsequently, the carbon

Structure-dependent thermochromism of PAZO thin films: theory and experiment

• Georgi Mateev,
• Dean Dimov,
• Nataliya Berberova-Buhova,
• Nikoleta Kircheva,
• Todor Dudev,
• Ludmila Nikolova,
• Elena Stoykova,
• Keehoon Hong,
• Dimana Nazarova,
• Silvia Angelova and
• Lian Nedelchev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 186–199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.12

• physicochemical, optoelectronic, and even biophysical properties creates myriad opportunities for their application, especially as polymer thin films [1][2]. These films are widely used in modern life as they can be easily tailored to have specific properties like high conductivity, optical transparency, or

• chloroform (Table 2). It should be noted that dimer formation is favored both between adjacent azobenzene fragments within a single main polymer chain and between fragments belonging to distinct polymer chains. At elevated temperatures, aggregation was observed almost exclusively in nonpolar environments (ε

• a spectral range of 4440 to 600 cm−1 with resolution of 2 cm−1 and 64 scans used. The fluorescence spectra were recorded using a FluoroLog 3–22 (HORIBA) spectrofluorometer in the spectral range of 250–800 nm with resolution of 0.5 nm and double-grating monochromators by excitation wavelength set

Safe and sustainable by design with ML/AI: A transformative approach to advancing nanotechnology

• Georgia Melagraki

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 176–185, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.11

• enabled targeted therapies for cancer, minimizing side effects while enhancing therapeutic efficacy [1][2]. In the energy sector, nanostructured materials have enhanced the performance and energy density of batteries and solar cells, providing more sustainable and efficient solutions [3]. Additionally

• environmental and climate data with information on the production, release, exposure, and toxicity of materials with many complex descriptors [38]. (2) Big data analytics: Advanced algorithms can carefully analyse high-dimensional datasets, identifying patterns between physicochemical characteristics of ENMs

• tests are the black box (see Figure 2). They provide no mechanistic insights to explain the observed impacts. However, extending traditional animal tests with approaches such as toxicogenomics analyses increases the transparency of the box (system). Incorporating alternative test methods (also called

From shield to spear: Charge-reversible nanocarriers in overcoming cancer therapy barriers

• Madhuri Yeduvaka,
• Pooja Mittal,
• Ameer Boyalakuntla,
• Usman Bee Shaik,
• Himanshu Sharma,
• Thakur Gurjeet Singh,
• Siva Nageswara Rao Gajula and
• Lakshmi Vineela Nalla

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 159–175, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.10

• malignant breast epithelial cells metastasizing to axillary lymph nodes [1]. Leukaemias and other haematological malignancies spread differently, affecting the bone marrow, lymph nodes, and the blood [2]. According to the latest GLOBOCAN and World Health Organization data, cancer ranks as the leading cause

• therapeutic value. It also explores existing challenges and prospects to advance their translation into clinical cancer treatments. 2 Concept of charge-reversible nanocarriers Surface charge plays a vital role in the efficiency and functionality of nanocarriers used for drug delivery [13]. Among various

• enhancing the therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles of nanocarriers in clinical applications [15]. The functional mechanism of CRNs (Figure 2) is designed to enhance the selectivity and efficacy of anticancer drug delivery systems, along with their behaviour in response to the acidic environment of

Influence of surface characteristics on the in vitro stability and cell uptake of nanoliposomes for brain delivery

• Dushko Shalabalija,
• Ljubica Mihailova,
• Nikola Geskovski,
• Andreas Zimmer,
• Otmar Geiss,
• Sabrina Gioria,
• Diletta Scaccabarozzi and
• Marija Glavas Dodov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 139–158, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.9

• /D3) and neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) under different conditions. The results obtained from comparative in vitro cell uptake studies on both cell culture lines after treatment with three different concentrations of fluorescently labelled NLs (5, 10, and 100 μg/mL) over a period of 1, 2, and 4 h

• barrier (BBB) and target specific brain regions [2][3]. However, despite these advantages, only few NLs formulations for brain diseases have completed clinical trials and are commercially available [4]. Among other limitations, one of the most underestimated steps especially in early formulation stages

• from rat tail, fluorescein isothiocyanate isomer I (FITC), and Nile red dye were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). Immortalized human cerebral microvascular endothelial (hCMEC/D3) cell line (CELLutions, Biosistems/Cedarlane®, Canada) were maintained in Endothelial Basal Medium-2 (EBM-2

Capabilities of the 3D-MLSI software tool in superconducting neuron design

• Irina E. Tarasova,
• Nikita S. Shuravin,
• Liubov N. Karelina,
• Fedor A. Razorenov,
• Evgeny N. Zhardetsky,
• Aleksandr S. Ionin,
• Mikhail M. Khapaev and
• Vitaly V. Bol’ginov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 122–138, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.8

• Irina E. Tarasova Nikita S. Shuravin Liubov N. Karelina Fedor A. Razorenov Evgeny N. Zhardetsky Aleksandr S. Ionin Mikhail M. Khapaev Vitaly V. Bol'ginov Osipyan Institute of Solid State Physics RAS, 2 Academician Osipyan str., Chernogolovka, Moscow Region, 142432, Russia Moscow Institute of

• (or activation) function (TF) that can be realized for a given neuron type. More specifically, the single-junction interferometer may possess a sigmoidal TF (useful for implementation of a superconducting perceptron [2]), while the two-junction interferometer may realize a Gaussian TF suitable for

• as a tool (see, for example, [18][19][20][21]) due to the limitations on geometries and materials. The use of a given program as a tool within computer-aided design systems (see [14][22] for reviews) requires a comparison with experimental data for validation. For InductEx, an accuracy of about 2

Development and in vitro evaluation of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing 5-fluorouracil and R-phycoerythrin as a potential phototheranostic system for colorectal cancer

• Raissa Rodrigues Camelo,
• Vivianne Cortez Sombra Vandesmet,
• Octavio Vital Baccallini,
• José de Brito Vieira Neto,
• Thais da Silva Moreira,
• Luzia Kalyne Almeida Moreira Leal,
• Claudia Pessoa,
• Daniel Giuliano Cerri,
• Maria Vitória Lopes Badra Bentley,
• Josimar O. Eloy,
• Ivanildo José da Silva Júnior and
• Raquel Petrilli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 97–121, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.7

• [2][3]. Among the treatment options for CRC, there are oxaliplatin, irinotecan, mitomycin C and fluoropyrimidines, such as 5-fluSousa et al.orouracil (5-FU), in addition to radiotherapy and anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies, such as cetuximab [2]. Even though these options are classic treatments for

• adverse effects [17]. This can be considered the first report on the use of liposomes and immunoliposomes containing co-encapsulated 5-FU and R-PE, which may represent a promising strategy for theranostics and allow early tumor treatment. 2 Materials and Methods 2.1 Materials The Rhodophyte macroalgae

• was obtained using a previously reported protocol [15]. 5-Fluorouracil, cholesterol (Chol), Sepharose CL-4B, bovine serum albumin, RPMI medium, trypsin, and 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). 1,2

Functional surface engineering for cultural heritage protection: the role of superhydrophobic and superoleophobic coatings – a comprehensive review

• Giuseppe Cesare Lama,
• Marino Lavorgna,
• Letizia Verdolotti,
• Federica Recupido,
• Giovanna Giuliana Buonocore and
• Bharat Bhushan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 63–96, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.6

• threats posed by environmental factors [2][3] and by human-induced damages, such as mishandling [4] or acts of vandalism [5] (Figure 1), the need for advanced protective coatings has never been more pressing. In Figure 2, the number of publications related to both the cultural heritage preservation

• ), to the initial mixture in order to reduce the wettability of the final coating. The formulation containing 2% of MCC enhanced with oregano essential oil (OEO) showed the lowest solubility, swelling, and wettability, along with strong antimicrobial activity against stone-deteriorating microorganisms

• taken by several study groups to solve these issues [73][74]. In Table 2, various types of heritage metal-based substrates, the base materials of the successfully applied coatings, and the resulting functional properties are presented. Regarding metal protection, corrosion is the first threat to be

Microscopic study of the intermediate mixed state in intertype superconductors

• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Alexander V. Kalashnikov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin and
• Alexei Vagov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 57–62, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.5

• quantized vortices forming a mixed state [1][2][3]. Within the Ginzburg–Landau (GL) framework, the boundary between these regimes is determined by the GL parameter κ = λL/ξGL, where λL is the magnetic London penetration depth and ξGL is Ginsburg–Landau coherence length, with the critical value separating

• multivortex (many-body) interaction effects while remaining computationally feasible. Vortex configurations The results of these calculations are presented in Figure 1 and Figure 2, which display the minimal-energy three-vortex configurations for representative values of the pairing constant g and temperature

• T. The variation of g and T modifies both the coherence length ξ and the magnetic penetration depth λ, and hence their ratio κ = λ/ξ, which determines the superconductivity type. Within the GL theory, ξ and λ share the same temperature dependence, ξ,λ ∝ (1 − T/Tc)−1/2, making the superconductivity

Subdigital integumentary microstructure in Cyrtodactylus (Squamata: Gekkota): do those lineages with incipiently expressed toepads exclusively exhibit adhesive setae?

• Philipp Ginal,
• Yannick Ecker,
• Timothy Higham,
• L. Lee Grismer,
• Benjamin Wipfler,
• Dennis Rödder,
• Anthony Russell and
• Jendrian Riedel

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 38–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.4

• types. We hypothesized that (1) species showing incipient toepad development will possess setae, while those lacking obvious macrostructural modifications should exhibit only spines, prongs, or spinules. Additionally, we hypothesized that either (2) the presence of setae is associated with arboreal

• surfaces, either by employing dry adhesion via microstructures, or wet adhesion, which is additionally supported by secretions [1][2][3][4][5]. In lizards, subdigital adhesive microstructures facilitating dry adhesion evolved independently in anoles, some skinks, and multiple times in geckos [3][6][7][8

• changes will retain spines, prongs, and/or spinules. With reference to structural microhabitat preferences, we hypothesise either (2) that the differentiation of subdigital microstructures towards setae is correlated with arboreal and, to a lesser degree, saxicoline ecotypes, or alternatively, (3) that

Reduced graphene oxide paper electrode for lithium-ion cells – towards optimized thermal reduction

• Agata Pawłowska,
• Magdalena Baran,
• Stefan Marynowicz,
• Aleksandra Izabela Banasiak,
• Adrian Racki,
• Adrian Chlanda,
• Tymoteusz Ciuk,
• Marta Wolczko and
• Andrzej Budziak

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 24–37, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.3

• between 2020 and 2024 in the ScienceDirect database only [1]. Market forecasts predict the growth of the overall rGO market at a compound annual growth rate of 36.5% between 2024 and 2031 [2]. This material owes its popularity in particular to such properties as sufficient electrical conductivity and

• atoms in carbonyl groups (possibly ketones). The intensities of deconvoluted peaks were summarized in Table 2. The transmittance spectra of the prepared rGO paper sheets (Figure 5) revealed bands at ≈1096, ≈1143, and ≈1187 cm−1, which could be assigned to aliphatic ketones (“C–C(=O)–C bending in the C–C

• images of the reduced graphene oxide paper cross sections: (a) T400, (b) T600, and (c) T800. Thermogravimetric analysis (pink curve) and first derivative of the weight change (blue) of the M300 sample. Raman spectra with the fitted functions (Table 2). The normalized data are marked with black points

Competitive helical bands and highly efficient diode effect in F/S/TI/S/F hybrid structures

• Tairzhan Karabassov,
• Irina V. Bobkova,
• Pavel M. Marychev,
• Vasiliy S. Stolyarov,
• Vyacheslav M. Silkin and
• Andrey S. Vasenko

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 15–23, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.2

• superconducting electronics [2][3][4]. So far, the superconducting diode effect has been reported in many different systems, including Josephson junctions [5][6][7][8][9][10][11], junction-free devices [12][13][14][15][16][17], superconducting microbridges [18][19], and other systems [20][21]. There have been

• in the dirty limit. h = (hx, 0, 0) is the exchange field due to the adjacent ferromagnetic material. The matrices τ and σ are 2 × 2 Pauli matrices in the particle–hole and spin spaces, respectively. The superconducting pair potential matrix is defined as , where the transformation matrix is . The

• above matrix into the Usadel equation (Equation 4), we obtain in the superconducting S parts |x| > L/2: where the indices i = 1, 2 refer to the superconducting parts S1 and S2, respectively, qi = q + 2hi/α, and in the normal N part −L/2 < x < L/2: where θs(N) means the value of θ is the S(N) of the TI

Quantitative estimation of nanoparticle/substrate adhesion by atomic force microscopy

• Aydan Çiçek,
• Markus Kratzer,
• Christian Teichert and
• Christian Mitterer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2026, 17, 1–14, doi:10.3762/bjnano.17.1

• various fields such as energy storage [1], electronics [2], and catalysis [3]. These tiny particles, with sizes typically ranging from 1 to 100 nm, have fundamentally different properties compared to their bulk counterparts because of their large surface-to-volume ratio [4], as well as unique electronic

• . Note that consecutively recorded AFM images (see below in Figure 2) usually exhibit a slight thermal drift. However, this does not interfere with the data evaluation. During AFM manipulation, NPs do not always move along straight lines. Small deviations, jumps, or irregular paths can occur, depending

• illustrated in Figure 1. First, an arbitrary area with size 5 × 5 µm2 or 10 × 10 µm2 was scanned in contact mode to identify regions containing a suitable surface coverage with Cu NPs. Subsequently, more detailed scans were conducted on smaller areas of interest, that is, 1 × 1 µm2 or 2 × 2 µm2, with higher

Internal 3D temperature mapping in biological systems using ratiometric light-sheet imaging and lipid-coated upconversion nanothermometers

• Dannareli Barron-Ortiz,
• Enric Pérez-Parets,
• Rubén D. Cadena-Nava,
• Emilio J. Gualda,
• Jacob Licea-Rodríguez,
• Juan Hernández-Cordero,
• Pablo Loza-Álvarez and
• Israel Rocha-Mendoza

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2306–2316, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.159

• devices with several disadvantages, including limited sensitivity and low accuracy, and are generally restricted to contact surface measurements [2]. Beyond fundamental processes, temperature also serves as a key biomarker for pathological conditions such as cancer. Localized hyperthermia often arises

• phototoxicity [38]. The ladder-like energy level structure of Ln3+ ions enable efficient photon UC of near-infrared (NIR) light, even with moderate excitation intensities (1–103 W·cm−2) attainable with gas-based lamps or continuous wave lasers [39]. Temperature measurements using Ln3+-doped nanomaterials have

• , as depicted in Figure 1. When UCNPs of this composite are irradiated with 980 nm NIR light, they emit two thermally coupled green fluorescence bands at 525 and 550 nm. These bands arise from the 2H11/2→4I15/2 (blue) and 4S3/2→4I15/2 (purple) transitions of Er3+ ions, respectively [39][40][41

Terahertz-range on-chip local oscillator based on Josephson junction arrays for superconducting quantum-limited receivers

• Fedor V. Khan,
• Lyudmila V. Filippenko,
• Andrey B. Ermakov,
• Mikhail Yu. Fominsky and
• Valery P. Koshelets

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2296–2305, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.158

• junctions have ultimate characteristics unreachable to devices based on other principles [1][2][3]. The unique nonlinearity of the current–voltage characteristic (IVC) near the gap voltage of the junction enables the gain of the intermediate frequency (IF) signal after mixing with the radiation from the

• terahertz range up to 2 mW and efficiency of approx. 5% [12]. However, these devices can be fabricated only in few laboratories around the world (e.g., JPL NASA) and may not be accessible in some countries. The other approach was suggested in previous works [13][14] where the LO based on the FFO is

• series and or in parallel and can be arranged in several ways: spaced by λ/2 from each other, at a distance much smaller than λ, or arranged in groups, where junctions within each group are closely packed while the groups themselves are separated by λ/2 [31][33]. Here, λ is the wavelength at the

Improving magnetic properties of Mn- and Zn-doped core–shell iron oxide nanoparticles by tuning their size

• Dounia Louaguef,
• Ghouti Medjahdi,
• Sébastien Diliberto,
• Klaus M. Seemann,
• Thomas Gries,
• Joelle Bizeau,
• Damien Mertz,
• Eric Gaffet and
• Halima Alem

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2285–2295, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.157

• unique magnetic properties, small size, and biocompatibility, which enable them to be used in a wide range of biomedical applications. These applications include magnetic resonance imaging, magnetic separation, targeted drug delivery, and hyperthermia [1][2]. Magnetic hyperthermia has been extensively

• plate at 50 °C for 2 h to remove all solvent traces. The chemical compositions of both core and core–shell NPs were investigated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Both spectra were recorded using a commercial Agilent FTIR 680 spectrometer in attenuated total reflection (ATR) mode. The

• magnetic properties of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 and Zn0.4Fe2.6O4@MnFe2O4 NPs based on their size, four distinct sizes were selected as shown in Table 2. These sizes were achieved by adjusting the ratio of oleic acid used during the synthesis of Zn0.4Fe2.6O4 and Zn0.4Fe2.6O4@MnFe2O4 (see Table 1). The target average

Visualizing nanostructures in supramolecular hydrogels: a correlative study using confocal and cryogenic scanning electron microscopy

• Shaun M. Smith,
• Ferdinando Malagreca,
• Jacqueline Hicks,
• Giuseppe Mantovani,
• David B. Amabilino,
• Christopher Parmenter and
• Lluïsa Pérez-García

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2274–2284, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.156

• ; microscopies; nanostructure; supramolecular hydrogel; Introduction Hydrogels, whether based on self-assembling molecules or cross-linked polymers, are useful in fields ranging from tissue engineering to drug delivery and biosensing [1][2][3][4][5]. Their high water content and soft, porous structure make them

• -limited, preventing direct visualization of nanoscale features [6][8]. Confocal fluorescence microscopy addresses some of these limitations by allowing hydrogels to be imaged in situ, fully hydrated, and often in real time when a fluorophore is incorporated into the colloidal network [2][9]. Through

• sphere. The fluorescence and fluorescence quantum yield measurements were carried out using quartz cuvettes of 1 and 10 mm path lengths, respectively. Confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging CLSM imaging was carried out on a Zeiss LSM 900 with AiryScan 2 detector (essential for observation here) on an

Geometry-controlled engineering of the low-temperature proximity effect in normal metal–superconductor junctions

• Munisa A. Tomayeva,
• Vyacheslav D. Neverov,
• Andrey V. Krasavin,
• Alexei Vagov and
• Mihail D. Croitoru

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2265–2273, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.155

• to it. This phenomenon, known as the proximity effect, enables normal material to support supercurrents and to exhibit a reduced density of states near the Fermi level, where a gap opens in the single-particle spectrum as electrons form into Cooper pairs [1][2][3][4]. At the same time, unpaired

• Tc, in the ballistic regime, the pair amplitude decays exponentially in a NM according to the expression where the characteristic decay length is given by in clean metals and K−1 = ξn in dirty metals. Here, vn is the Fermi velocity in the NM, and z is the distance from the NS interface [2][7][26][27

• spatial dimensionality of the system [33], taking values of α = 1 in 3D [7][29][32], α = 1/2 in 2D [34][35], and α = 0 in 1D [36]. This behavior holds for distances z smaller than both the thermal decay length and the mean free path l = vnτ, where τ is the impurity scattering time [32]. Beyond these

Chiral plasmonic nanostructures fabricated with circularly polarized light

• Tian Qiao and
• Ming Lee Tang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2245–2264, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.154

• organisms are almost exclusively left-handed, while sugars are predominantly right-handed [1][2]. This creates a chiral environment in the human body, where chiral drug molecules can exhibit enantioselective chemical and pharmacological behavior [3]. One example is the drug thalidomide, which was prescribed

• the advances in the fabrication of cPNSs using CPL. Section 1 will present a brief background that summarizes representative fabrication technologies for cPNSs, which employ various strategies. Section 2 will explore the mechanisms by which CPL leads to the formation of cPNSs and summarize the

• the fabrication details and morphology of the CPL-enabled cPNSs in Section 2. In recent years, chiral assemblies of PNSs from mechanical forces via magnetic fields [60][61] or strain [62][63] have also been demonstrated. Although the cPNSs prepared via mechanical forces are relatively scarce, they

Electromagnetic study of a split-ring resonator metamaterial with cold-electron bolometers

• Ekaterina A. Matrozova,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Leonid S. Revin and
• Andrey L. Pankratov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 2199–2206, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.152

• ; metamaterial; split-ring resonator; Introduction Highly sensitive receivers with broadband antennas are of significant interest for advanced spectroscopic applications and various radioastronomy tasks [1][2][3][4][5]. In particular, broadband receiving systems are required for use with a Fourier-transform

• spectrometer based on the Martin–Paplett interferometer that is planned to be used in future missions such as BISOU (Balloon Interferometer for Spectral Observations of the Universe) [3][4] and Millimetron [2][5]. The use of cold-electron bolometers (CEBs) is particularly advantageous for such systems

• inner ring has an external diameter of dext,2 = 40 μm and an internal diameter of dint,2 = 30 μm. The period of the metamaterial array is P = 86 μm. The total size of the structure is 424 μm. A small-scale SRR is a scaled-down version with dext,1 = 40 μm, dint,1 = 35 μm; dext,2 = 20 μm, dint,2 = 15 μm