Influence of conductive carbon and MnCo₂O₄ on morphological and electrical properties of hydrogels for electrochemical energy conversion

• Sylwia Pawłowska,
• Karolina Cysewska,
• Yasamin Ziai,
• Jakub Karczewski,
• Piotr Jasiński and
• Sebastian Molin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 57–70, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.6

• metabolites), flexibility with high mechanical strength, chemical and thermal resistance, high rate of reversible fluid absorption, and low interfacial tension with water [6][7]. A very desirable property of hydrogels is the ability to incorporate or suspend various particles in their structure, such as dyes

• 1 Hz were 193, 98, and 10 kΩ, respectively [14]. Wu et al. obtained an impedance magnitude in the range of 3–7 kΩ at 1 Hz for PEGda-PANI hydrogels [51]. Comparable values were obtained for PTAA/MAAG-based homogeneous electronically conductive double-network hydrogels [53]. These hydrogel materials

• based on EIS measurements using a VersaSTAT 4 potentiostat. For the measurements, a hydrogel in the form of a disc was placed between two nickel plates (2 × 15 × 15 mm) connected with the impedance analyser (2-probe measurement) (Figure 7). The impedance spectrum was acquired in the frequency range of

Josephson dynamics and Shapiro steps at high transmissions: current bias regime

• Artem V. Galaktionov and
• Andrei D. Zaikin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 51–56, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.5

• latter equation can be written in the form For 0 ≤ φ0 ≤ π, we obtain where is an incomplete elliptic integral. For larger φ0 in the interval pπ < φ0 < (p + 1)π with integer p, one has The solution φ0(s) (Equation 8) of Equation 7 is also displayed in Figure 1. Employing the Josephson relation between

• is expected to be linear in the current bias regime as long as the condition I − Ic ≪ Ic remains satisfied. These expectations appear to be supported by several recent experiments [6][7][8] performed with different types of transparent superconducting junctions (see also [3] for more details on the

• (φ) is an arbitrary π-periodic function, and we assume q ≤ 1. Provided a1 → 0, = |sinφ| and q = 2/3 Equation 15 reduces to Equation 7. Equation 15 allows one to consider both sub-Ohmic and Ohmic dissipation on equal footing. The latter sets in either in the presence of an external shunting

Curcumin-loaded nanostructured systems for treatment of leishmaniasis: a review

• Douglas Dourado,
• Thayse Silva Medeiros,
• Éverton do Nascimento Alencar,
• Edijane Matos Sales and
• Fábio Rocha Formiga

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 37–50, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.4

• cause systemic infection affecting the liver, spleen, hematogenous and lymphatic systems [5][6]. For the treatment of these infections, therapies based on pentavalent antimony (first-line drug treatment), amphotericin B, miltefosine, and paromomycin have been employed [7]. Despite being effective, these

Measurements of dichroic bow-tie antenna arrays with integrated cold-electron bolometers using YBCO oscillators

• Leonid S. Revin,
• Dmitry A. Pimanov,
• Alexander V. Chiginev,
• Anton V. Blagodatkin,
• Viktor O. Zbrozhek,
• Andrey V. Samartsev,
• Anastasia N. Orlova,
• Dmitry V. Masterov,
• Alexey E. Parafin,
• Victoria Yu. Safonova,
• Anna V. Gordeeva,
• Andrey L. Pankratov,
• Leonid S. Kuzmin,
• Anatolie S. Sidorenko,
• Silvia Masi and
• Paolo de Bernardis

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 26–36, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.3

• Bernardis Nizhny Novgorod State Technical University n.a. R.E. Alekseev, Minin Street, 24, Nizhny Novgorod, 603155, Russia Institute for Physics of Microstructures of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya Street 7, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia Department of Microtechnology and Nanoscience

• Telescope (AliCPT) [7]. The BICEP Array is a successor to the Keck Array from the BICEP series. It is a radio telescope installed at the South Pole research station. This telescope is aimed at CMB radiation polarization measurements, in particular, the measurements of the B mode. The Keck Array has been

• TESs as detectors coupled to the optics and microwave-multiplexing SQUID readout. The 220/280 GHz band will have 1728 active detectors and 36 so-called “dark” detectors, used for calibration, per array. The AliCPT [7] is a ground-based experimental setup aimed at CMB measurements in Tibet, China, at an

Nanotechnological approaches in the treatment of schistosomiasis: an overview

• Lucas Carvalho,
• Michelle Sarcinelli and
• Beatriz Patrício

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 13–25, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.2

• makes PZQ ineffective against young forms of Schistosoma mansoni, leading to concerns about the emergence of resistant strains. Indeed, reports of resistance have been documented worldwide, prompting research for alternative treatments or new approaches to improve the characteristics of PZQ [7

TEM sample preparation of lithographically patterned permalloy nanostructures on silicon nitride membranes

• Joshua Williams,
• Michael I. Faley,
• Joseph Vimal Vas,
• Peng-Han Lu and
• Rafal E. Dunin-Borkowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2024, 15, 1–12, doi:10.3762/bjnano.15.1

• in Py nanodisks [1][2] with independent polarity and helicity [3]. Since then, many studies have been done on manipulating magnetic vortices inside Py nanodisks using micromagnetic simulations [4][5][6] and a variety of magnetic measurement techniques including magnetic force microscopy [7

• primary beam is much bigger than the redeposition rate of etched materials. As observed in Figure 7, there was redeposition of etched material along the edge of the resist. This can be avoided by taking an additional step before etching the Py: The resist is heated at 120 °C for 5 min to reflow the resist

• (nucleation field), the bright spot appears near the edge of the disks. The same observation was made as we applied the opposite field direction until saturation and started decreasing it. The saturation field is larger than the nucleation field, which agrees with other works [7][8][33]. Off-axis electron

unDrift: A versatile software for fast offline SPM image drift correction

• Tobias Dickbreder,
• Franziska Sabath,
• Lukas Höltkemeier,
• Ralf Bechstein and
• Angelika Kühnle

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1225–1237, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.101

• images are distorted and potentially shifted [1][2][3][4][5][6]. The calibration of an SPM scanner is used by the SPM instrument to convert the voltages applied to the scanner piezo into a probe position [2][7]. If this calibration is not correct, the position assumed by the SPM instrument deviates from

• literature, and there are several different strategies documented to determine the calibration parameters for a scanning probe microscope [1][2][3][7][8][9][12][18][19][21][22]. With these calibration parameters, the microscope can either be calibrated before the measurement, or the measured SPM data can be

• calibration parameters and (2) determine lateral calibration parameters based on a reference surface geometry. The lateral calibration of SPM data in unDrift is based on the assumption of a linear relationship [3][7][8][9][19] between recorded and actual scanner movement as described in Supporting Information

Fluorescent bioinspired albumin/polydopamine nanoparticles and their interactions with Escherichia coli cells

• Eloïse Equy,
• Jordana Hirtzel,
• Sophie Hellé,
• Béatrice Heurtault,
• Eric Mathieu,
• Morgane Rabineau,
• Vincent Ball and
• Lydie Ploux

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1208–1224, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.100

• ) of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) [7], polycaprolactone [8], and chitosan [9]. Furthermore, fluorescent ONPs are a promising way to facilitate the localization of NPs in cells through fluorescence imaging. They can also be used for fluorescent labelling of cells, especially for live cell

• already widely used in biology. Its hydrodynamic radius of about 4 nm at pH 7 makes it possible to envisage NP sizes close to 10 nm [20]. Chassepot and Ball prepared eumelanin-like particles in the presence of albumin, whose sizes decreased with the amount of protein down to 30 nm in diameter [14]. The

Determination of the radii of coated and uncoated silicon AFM sharp tips using a height calibration standard grating and a nonlinear regression function

• Perawat Boonpuek and
• Jonathan R. Felts

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1200–1207, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.99

• strongly depend on the geometry of the AFM tip [7][8]. For example, the Pt-coated HQ:NSC18/Pt tip (for electrical force modulation AFM probes) and the Cr/Au-coated HQ:NSC16/Cr-Au tip (for tapping mode AFM probes with long AFM cantilever) produced by MikroMasch [9] have estimated nominal tip radii lower

• the curvature radius of the AFM tip. The fifteen determined radius values of each tip (uncoated Si tip, Pt-coated tip, and Cr/Au-coated tip) obtained from independent cross-section profiles were plotted in distribution graphs (see Figure S4-5, Figure S4-6, and Figure S4-7 in Supporting Information

A combined gas-phase dissociative ionization, dissociative electron attachment and deposition study on the potential FEBID precursor [Au(CH₃)₂Cl]₂

• Elif Bilgilisoy,
• Ali Kamali,
• Thomas Xaver Gentner,
• Gerd Ballmann,
• Sjoerd Harder,
• Hans-Peter Steinrück,
• Hubertus Marbach and
• Oddur Ingólfsson

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1178–1199, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.98

• nanotechnology. These include, but are not limited to electronic interconnects [5], metamaterials [6], growth substrates for nanowires and nanotubes [7], and complex plasmonic structures [8][9]. For the latter application, mastery over the shape as well as accurate control of the distribution of the

• energies for a variety of potential reaction pathways. A full list of all optimized geometries (Cartesian coordinates) of the parent and positively charged ions at the PBE0-TZVP level of theory are provided in Supporting Information File 1, Table S1. Figure 7 shows the fitted onset region of representative

• consideration of new bond formations are approx. 7 eV higher at both levels of theory. Considering the formation of two ethane molecules in this process lowers these threshold values to 9.65 and 10.12 eV. Here the value at the DFT level of theory is somewhat below the confidence limit of the AE. However, the

Spatial variations of conductivity of self-assembled monolayers of dodecanethiol on Au/mica and Au/Si substrates

• Julian Skolaut,
• Jędrzej Tepper,
• Federica Galli,
• Wulf Wulfhekel and
• Jan M. van Ruitenbeek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1169–1177, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.97

• contacting of molecular layers between a metal surface and a locally probing electrode. In early studies using this approach, the layers were contacted by a mercury droplet at the end of an electrode, which was then placed on top of the SAM [5][6][7]. Applying a voltage and, therefore, a current to the

Hierarchically patterned polyurethane microgrooves featuring nanopillars or nanoholes for neurite elongation and alignment

• Lester Uy Vinzons,
• Guo-Chung Dong and
• Shu-Ping Lin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1157–1168, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.96

• ], poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanodots enhanced the proliferation and neurite sprouting of Neuro-2a cells [7], and oriented elliptical Si microcones induced alignment and increased fasciculation in rat superior cervical ganglion axons [8]. With their effects complementing those of continuous structures

Elasticity, an often-overseen parameter in the development of nanoscale drug delivery systems

• Agnes-Valencia Weiss and
• Marc Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1149–1156, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.95

• in vivo and even more to the clinics often fails and only a limited number of products make it to the market. This holds true even though Comirnaty® and Spikevax® were approved during the SARS CoV-2 pandemic using lipid nanoparticle (NPs) formulations underlining their potential [5][6][7]. By

A multi-resistance wide-range calibration sample for conductive probe atomic force microscopy measurements

• François Piquemal,
• Khaled Kaja,
• Pascal Chrétien,
• José Morán-Meza,
• Frédéric Houzé,
• Christian Ulysse and
• Abdelmounaim Harouri

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1141–1148, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.94

• versatility and high resolution in probing the local conductivity of materials, C-AFM has been extensively used in studying semiconductors [6][7], two-dimensional materials [8][9][10], memristive devices [11][12][13][14][15], photoelectric systems [16][17][18], dielectric films [19][20][21][22][23], molecular

Curcumin-loaded albumin submicron particles with potential as a cancer therapy: an in vitro study

• Nittiya Suwannasom,
• Netsai Sriaksorn,
• Chutamas Thepmalee,
• Krissana Khoothiam,
• Ausanai Prapan,
• Hans Bäumler and
• Chonthida Thephinlap

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1127–1140, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.93

• mV were prepared. The CUR loading efficiency was up to 65%. A maximum release of 37% of the encapsulated CUR was observed within 6 h when the CUR-HSA-MPs were dispersed in 50% ethanol in PBS at pH 7, while in RPMI 1640 medium the release was 7%. This demonstrates a sustainable release. The in vitro

• cytotoxicity of CUR-HSA-MPs showed promising anticancer potential against human hepatocellular carcinoma (Huh-7) and human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines, although this effect was less pronounced in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFB) and human cholangiocyte (MMN) cell lines. Confocal microscopy was used

• especially anticancer potential [1][2]. Several in vivo and in vitro studies in recent years have demonstrated that CUR can influence cancer cell proliferation, invasion, angiogenesis, and metastasis [3]. It has been reported that CUR exerts anticancer effects in human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) by

A bifunctional superconducting cell as flux qubit and neuron

• Dmitrii S. Pashin,
• Pavel V. Pikunov,
• Marina V. Bastrakova,
• Andrey E. Schegolev,
• Nikolay V. Klenov and
• Igor I. Soloviev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1116–1126, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.92

• ; superconducting quantum interferometer; Introduction Superconducting interferometers are widely used both as flux qubits and as a part of the peripherals in various implementations of quantum computers [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. In particular, the D-Wave 2000Q quantum computer, released in 2017, operates

Sulfur nanocomposites with insecticidal effect for the control of Bactericera cockerelli

• Lany S. Araujo-Yépez,
• Juan O. Tigrero-Salas,
• Vicente A. Delgado-Rodríguez,
• Vladimir A. Aguirre-Yela and
• Josué N. Villota-Méndez

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1106–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.91

• significant income for producers and population [6]. The main problems for producers are pests and diseases that severely affect crops [7]. High densities of insects feeding on potatoes prior to flowering can result in a large number of unmarketable tubers [8]. Additionally, combined infestation with the

• %, CAS number: 10102-17-7), hydrochloric acid (HCl, ACS reagent, 37%, CAS number: 7647-01-0), triethanolamine ((HOCH2CH2)3N, ACS reagent, ≥99.5%, CAS number: 102-71-6), ethanol (CH3CH2OH, CAS number: 64-17-5), and polyethylene glycol (PEG, H(OCH2CH2)nOH, Wt: 6000, CAS number: 25322-68-3), were acquired

Density functional theory study of Au-fcc/Ge and Au-hcp/Ge interfaces

• Olga Sikora,
• Małgorzata Sternik,
• Benedykt R. Jany,
• Franciszek Krok,
• Przemysław Piekarz and
• Andrzej M. Oleś

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1093–1105, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.90

• crystalline phases on a specific substrate [2][3]. The structure of a heterophase can be studied using advanced atomic-resolution experiments, such as high-resolution electron microscopy [4], high-resolution secondary-electron microscopy [5], scanning transmission electron microscopy [6][7] or scanning

• , shown in Figure 7d. We note, however, that variant C as well as variant D without defects would also be consistent with the available experimental image (showing only the view as in the right panels of Figure 7). Hence, we cannot use it to discriminate these arrangements. Au-hcp(010)/Ge(111) The last

Properties of tin oxide films grown by atomic layer deposition from tin tetraiodide and ozone

• Kristjan Kalam,
• Peeter Ritslaid,
• Tanel Käämbre,
• Aile Tamm and
• Kaupo Kukli

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1085–1092, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.89

• nanocomposite layer. ZrO2–SnO2 stacked layers have been shown to perform as mechanically elastic and magnetizable films [6]. SnO2-coated carbon nanotubes have been studied as catalysts [7] and ZnO–SnO2 as functional composite in Li-ion batteries [8]. A recent review article from 2022 lists 27 different

• stoichiometric metal dioxide (Figure 6). A similar behaviour was observed for the iodine content. The films grown at temperatures below 200 °C were characterized by a markedly high iodine content (Figure 7). The iodine content decreased upon increasing the deposition temperature above 200 °C and, above 300 °C

• , stabilized at an appreciably low level of 0.7–0.8 atom % (Figure 7). Since the relatively high oxygen content below a deposition temperature of 200 °C did not arise from increased oxygen amounts in the film, but from decreased tin amounts, one can propose that, at the lowest deposition temperatures, I2O5

Dual-heterodyne Kelvin probe force microscopy

• Benjamin Grévin,
• Fatima Husainy,
• Dmitry Aldakov and
• Cyril Aumaître

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1068–1084, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.88

• illumination chain. This is for instance the case of intensity-modulated KPFM [7][8][9], pump-probe KPFM [4][10][11], or G-mode KPFM [12], to name a few (we refer the readers to review articles for a more comprehensive introduction to AFM-based time-resolved potentiometric and electrostatic modes [13][14

Spatial mapping of photovoltage and light-induced displacement of on-chip coupled piezo/photodiodes by Kelvin probe force microscopy under modulated illumination

• Zeinab Eftekhari,
• Nasim Rezaei,
• Hidde Stokkel,
• Jian-Yao Zheng,
• Andrea Cerreta,
• Ilka Hermes,
• Minh Nguyen,
• Guus Rijnders and
• Rebecca Saive

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1059–1067, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.87

• precise motion with high resolution. This offers promising possibilities for biomedical, environmental, and micro/nanoengineering applications [5][6]. Various types of design and actuation mechanisms have been developed in recent years [7][8]. A primary requirement to unlock the better performance of

Experimental investigation of usage of POE lubricants with Al₂O₃, graphene or CNT nanoparticles in a refrigeration compressor

• Kayhan Dağıdır and
• Kemal Bilen

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1041–1058, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.86

• to the fact that heat transfer is fundamentally a surface-related process [5]. Nanolubricants have been widely used in recent years to improve the performance of refrigeration compressors [6][7][8]. Singh et al. [9] experimentally verified the effect of addition of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT

• the literature. The XRD patterns of the CNTs nanoparticle samples are recorded in the range 2θ (15°–75°). The Figure 7 depicts the XRD pattern of the purified CNTs in which diffraction peaks at 26° and 43° are corresponding to (002) and (100) reflection planes, respectively, which are indexed to the

• . Condenser: ALFA LAVAL AC-30EQ-20H-F plate heat exchanger. 3. Expansion valve: DANFOSS ETS 6 electronic valve. 4. Evaporator: ALFA LAVAL AC-70X-20M-F plate heat exchanger. 5. Shut-off valve: DANFOSS GBC manual valve. 6. Filter-drier: DANFOSS DML device. 7. Sight glass: DANFOSS SGP device. The a) FE-SEM

Recognition mechanisms of hemoglobin particles by monocytes – CD163 may just be one

• Jonathan-Gabriel Nimz,
• Pichayut Rerkshanandana,
• Chiraphat Kloypan,
• Ulrich Kalus,
• Saranya Chaiwaree,
• Axel Pruß,
• Radostina Georgieva,
• Yu Xiong and
• Hans Bäumler

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1028–1040, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.85

• ]. For decades, science has been trying to overcome these problems [6]. Although erythrocytes also pose as a CO2 transporter and native hemoglobin as a buffer system [7], research is being focused on their function as oxygen transporters. The search is on for a laboratory-produced oxygen carrier that is

• retention time of oxygen carriers in the circulatory system. Erythrocytes and the Hb they contain have a mean survival time of about 120 days within the human body [7]. HBOCs, in contrast, have been eliminated within minutes to a few hours in previous experiments [5][23]. Much of this process appears to

• content in this suspension was 5.4 ± 0.02 mg/mL. Analysis by zetasizer showed an average particle size of 781 ± 7 nm, a conductivity of 1.34 ± 0.07 mS/cm, and a zeta potential of −28.0 ± 0.5 mV. The oxygen release method measurement showed a percentage of 81.4% ± 2.13% functional Hb. Light microscopy

A visible-light photodetector based on heterojunctions between CuO nanoparticles and ZnO nanorods

• Doan Nhat Giang,
• Nhat Minh Nguyen,
• Duc Anh Ngo,
• Thanh Trang Tran,
• Le Thai Duy,
• Cong Khanh Tran,
• Thi Thanh Van Tran,
• Phan Phuong Ha La and
• Vinh Quang Dang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.84

• applications, photodetection is an attractive area because photodetectors are the critial component to convert photon energy into electrical signals based on a nonlinear interaction between electromagnetic field and material surface [7]. Currently, many scientists are studying this topic in order to apply

Exploring internal structures and properties of terpolymer fibers via real-space characterizations

• Michael R. Roenbeck and
• Kenneth E. Strawhecker

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 1004–1017, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.83

• monomers that comprise Technora® are randomly sequenced, a conclusion later supported by extensive NMR studies [2][5]. Despite this highly unique chemical structure, research has shown that Technora® and Kevlar® K29 fibers possess similar elastic moduli and tensile strengths [6][7]. These studies also show

• that Technora® exhibits a narrower distribution in tensile strength, as well as greater creep and fatigue resistance [6][7]. Separate studies of fiber multifunctional properties also showed that Technora® exhibits resistance to moisture and chemical degradation [1][8]. The aforementioned studies have

• not possess the same degree of “three-dimensional order” as Kevlar® [3]. Our line scans over representative 1 μm × 1 μm regions of Technora® and Kevlar® fibers (Figure 7) support this analysis. Discrete fibrils can be clearly traced throughout the core microstructure of Kevlar®. At fibril interfaces