Focused ion beam-induced platinum deposition with a low-temperature cesium ion source

• Thomas Henning Loeber,
• Bert Laegel,
• Meltem Sezen,
• Feray Bakan Misirlioglu,
• Edgar J. D. Vredenbregt and
• Yang Li

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 910–920, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.69

• -cooled ion source (LoTIS) has been developed and characterized [13][14]. Like the Rb+ source, the Cs+ LoTIS has also been incorporated in a standard Ga FIB column. Loeber et al. have shown several advantages of the cold Cs+ FIB in imaging [15] and milling [16] applications over standard Ga+ FIBs

• to 8.4 pA·μm−2. The deposition time was calculated between 4:42 and 24:24 min with ion doses ranging from 1254 to 2276 pC·μm−2. With acceleration voltages of 8, 16, and 30 kV and the used ion beam currents, the beam diameter changes from 32 to 208 nm. With the Cs+ FIB, ion beam currents between 13

Characterization of ion track-etched conical nanopores in thermal and PECVD SiO₂ using small angle X-ray scattering

• Shankar Dutt,
• Rudradeep Chakraborty,
• Christian Notthoff,
• Pablo Mota-Santiago,
• Christina Trautmann and
• Patrick Kluth

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 899–909, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.68

• ][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33]. Conical nanopores are of particular interest because of the asymmetric ion transport resulting from their unique geometry [30][34][35][36][37][38]. Conical nanopores can be reproducibly fabricated at scale using

• the undamaged material, which can be exploited for the fabrication of nanopores with narrow size distribution [13][29][40]. The geometry of the resulting nanopores is determined by several factors, including the substrate material, the type and concentration of the etchant, the density of the material

• , and the type and energy of the ions used [13][29][40]. Track-etch technology has been used for the commercial fabrication of cylindrical nanopores in polymers for filtration applications [41][42][43][44][45][46]. Only recently we have adapted this technology to generate conical nanopores in silicon

Heat-induced transformation of nickel-coated polycrystalline diamond film studied in situ by XPS and NEXAFS

• Olga V. Sedelnikova,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva,
• Dmitriy V. Gorodetskiy,
• Yuri N. Palyanov,
• Elena V. Shlyakhova,
• Eugene A. Maksimovskiy,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva and
• Aleksandr V. Okotrub

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 887–898, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.67

• crystals depends on the crystallographic orientation of their faces [12][13]. In particular, the (100) face exhibits greater resistance to annealing compared to that of the (111) face [10][13][14][15], and the (110) face has proven to be the most unstable when exposed to high temperatures [14][16]. The

Ar⁺ implantation-induced tailoring of RF-sputtered ZnO films: structural, morphological, and optical properties

• Manu Bura,
• Divya Gupta,
• Arun Kumar and
• Sanjeev Aggarwal

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 872–886, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.66

• foreign ions in the ZnO film lattice can create an impact on its surface roughness and particle size. Previous reports available discuss the implantation-induced optical longitudinal phonon symmetry in ZnO films using heavy ions with high energy and low implantation fluences [12][13][14][15]. Singh et al

• . [12] observed the evolution of symmetry-forbidden and A1 (LO) modes in 120 MeV Au9+ ion-irradiated ZnO films. Ying et al. [13] described an A1 (LO) mode in the Raman spectra of energy-dependent and dose-dependent krypton ion-implanted ZnO film after varying the fluence in the range from 5 × 1013 to

• absorption in the UV region. This amplifies the data storage capacity and energy efficiency of ZnO films [13]. The implantation-induced structural disorder is reflected in terms of Urbach energy, which is defined as the band tail energy and can be calculated using the Urbach edge rule. Near the band edges

Insights into the electronic and atomic structures of cerium oxide-based ultrathin films and nanostructures using high-brilliance light sources

• Paola Luches and
• Federico Boscherini

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 860–871, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.65

• transport properties in the presence of specific gases, due to the redox reactions that take place on the surface [12][13]. An atomic level understanding of the structure–function relationship in this oxide is essential for guiding the design of efficient materials to optimize the performance of the

• model catalyst”, pages 8-13, Copyright (2019), with permission from Elsevier. This content is not subject to CC BY 4.0. (a) Ce–O interatomic distances for 2 ML and 10 ML CeO2 films evaluated by fitting Ce L3-edge EXAFS with the electric field parallel (dCe−O PAR) and perpendicular (dCe−O PER) to the

• . Cresi et al., Nanotechnology, vol. 28, issue 49, article no. 495702, published on 13 November 2017; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1361-6528/aa926f; © 2017 IOP Publishing Ltd; permission conveyed through Copyright Clearance Center, Inc. All rights reserved. This content is not subject to CC

Synchrotron X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy study of sodium adsorption on vertically arranged MoS₂ layers coated with pyrolytic carbon

• Alexander V. Okotrub,
• Anastasiya D. Fedorenko,
• Anna A. Makarova,
• Veronica S. Sulyaeva,
• Yuliya V. Fedoseeva and
• Lyubov G. Bulusheva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 847–859, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.64

• reversible specific capacity [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. Moreover, it has been reported that the electrochemical reaction of MoS2 with sodium ions could be reversible in the presence of graphitic components [17]. Wang et al. showed that in an anode material in which graphitic layers were

Facile one-step radio frequency magnetron sputtering of Ni/NiO on stainless steel for an efficient electrode for hydrogen evolution reaction

• Ha Huu Do,
• Khac Binh Nguyen,
• Phuong N. Nguyen and
• Hoai Phuong Pham

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 837–846, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.63

• catalysts were recognized as the best material for electrochemical hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) [11][12][13]. However, it is challenging to use Pt-based nanomaterials for industrial applications because of their non-abundance and high cost. As a result, many studies have explored Pt-free catalysts

Synthesis and magnetic transitions of rare-earth-free Fe–Mn–Ni–Si-based compositionally complex alloys at bulk and nanoscale

• Shabbir Tahir,
• Tatiana Smoliarova,
• Carlos Doñate-Buendía,
• Michael Farle,
• Natalia Shkodich and
• Bilal Gökce

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 823–836, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.62

• ) have garnered considerable attention because of their compositional flexibility and exceptional thermomechanical [11][12], magnetic [13][14], and electrical insulation properties [15][16]. CCAs are composed of five or more elements, offering design freedom. This flexibility allows for elemental

Supramolecular hydration structure of graphene-based hydrogels: density functional theory, green chemistry and interface application

• Hon Nhien Le,
• Duy Khanh Nguyen,
• Minh Triet Dang,
• Huyen Trinh Nguyen,
• Thi Bang Tam Dao,
• Trung Do Nguyen,
• Chi Nhan Ha Thuc and
• Van Hieu Le

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 806–822, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.61

• assembly, and surface hydration [10][11][12]. In our previous works, a number of graphene-based hydrogels (RGO-SnO2, RGO-ZnO, and RGO) were synthesized to evidence the reversible self-assembly of graphene-based nanosheets thanks to water intercalation in the hydrated ensembles [13][14][15][16][17

• of supramolecular graphene-based hydrogels in comparison with the powder form [13][14][15][16]. Hydration layers in between graphene-based sheets not only reduce intersheet binding energy (van der Waals force) but also generate repulsive forces for exfoliating the macroscopic assembly into nanoscale

Morphology and properties of pyrite nanoparticles obtained by pulsed laser ablation in liquid and thin films for photodetection

• Akshana Parameswaran Sreekala,
• Bindu Krishnan,
• Rene Fabian Cienfuegos Pelaes,
• David Avellaneda Avellaneda,
• Josué Amílcar Aguilar-Martínez and
• Sadasivan Shaji

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 785–805, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.60

• reduction methods for the synthesis of NPs without the need for chemical reagents [12]. Laser ablation techniques are intrinsically efficient and require little manual labor and do not require extreme conditions, such as high vacuum, temperature, and pressure [13][14][15]. One of the many advantages of PLAL

• . Specifically, larger-sized NPs tend to remain near the focused laser beam due to the high viscosity of the IPA during ablation. These larger particles interact with the prevailing laser pulses [13][37]. During this interaction, solid NPs break down into smaller-sized particles, which then contribute to the

• transformations, are given in Figure 13. The results observed are contrary to those reported for generation of Ag NPs in different solvents [42]. They reported that acetone and water restricted the growth mechanisms and small narrow NPs of Ag were observed. In our study, though the average size of ≈17 nm for FeS2

Changes of structural, magnetic and spectroscopic properties of microencapsulated iron sucrose nanoparticles in saline

• Sabina Lewińska,
• Pavlo Aleshkevych,
• Roman Minikayev,
• Anna Bajorek,
• Mateusz Dulski,
• Krystian Prusik,
• Tomasz Wojciechowski and
• Anna Ślawska-Waniewska

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 762–784, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.59

• separated from each other and not magnetically interacting. There are many others literature examples of studies of chemical and physical properties on iron deficiency drugs and their usage in agents [2][7][8][11][12][13][14][15]. However, in this work the whole attention is focused on the iron deficiency

• agent called iron sucrose. The original iron sucrose available on the market is the intravenous Venofer® (Vifor, Switzerland), whose physical and chemical properties are thoroughly tested and described in the literature [5][6][7][8][9][13][14]. Generally, iron sucrose originating from Venofer® has a

• core–shell nanoparticle form, where the shell consists of sucrose, while the core is iron(III) oxide mineral. The average diameter of iron sucrose nanoparticles included in Venofer® was estimated as ≈7 nm, whose core diameter is 3 nm [2][7][8][13]. The elemental analysis for a single iron sucrose

Thickness dependent oxidation in CrCl₃: a scanning X-ray photoemission and Kelvin probe microscopies study

• Shafaq Kazim,
• Rahul Parmar,
• Maryam Azizinia,
• Matteo Amati,
• Muhammad Rauf,
• Andrea Di Cicco,
• Seyed Javid Rezvani,
• Dario Mastrippolito,
• Luca Ottaviano,
• Tomasz Klimczuk,
• Luca Gregoratti and
• Roberto Gunnella

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 749–761, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.58

• , which can be significantly different from those of the bulk [13][1]. A central question remains whether modified structures and compositions arise from stress during cleaving, affecting surface terminations [10], or from the exfoliation process itself, which differs from cleaving. Regarding the bulk, we

Serum heat inactivation diminishes ApoE-mediated uptake of D-Lin-MC3-DMA lipid nanoparticles

• Demian van Straten,
• Luuk van de Schepop,
• Rowan Frunt,
• Pieter Vader and
• Raymond M. Schiffelers

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 740–748, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.57

• nanoparticle, reviewed by [6][7][8], as well as the protein source of the corona [9][10][11]. Ultimately, the protein corona can change the uptake [12][13][14], biodistribution [15][16][17][18], immunological responses [19][20] and toxicity [6][21][22] of nanoparticles and its characterization should thus play

Synthesis of a multicomponent cellulose-based adsorbent for tetracycline removal from aquaculture water

• Uyen Bao Tran,
• Ngoc Thanh Vo-Tran,
• Khai The Truong,
• Dat Anh Nguyen,
• Quang Nhat Tran,
• Huu-Quang Nguyen,
• Jaebeom Lee and
• Hai Son Truong-Lam

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 728–739, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.56

• , electrostatic forces, and van der Waals forces, adsorbed antibiotics may desorb and reenter aquatic environments [12]. Moreover, activated carbon exhibits low selectivity and adsorption capacity. Among novel adsorbents, metal-organic frameworks [13] and molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) [14] are

Efficiency of single-pulse laser fragmentation of organic nutraceutical dispersions in a circular jet flow-through reactor

• Tina Friedenauer,
• Maximilian Spellauge,
• Alexander Sommereyns,
• Verena Labenski,
• Tuba Esatbeyoglu,
• Christoph Rehbock,
• Heinz P. Huber and
• Stephan Barcikowski

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 711–727, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.55

• extraction methods, exemplified by extraction from coffee powders [10] and alkaloid drug extraction from ground root powder [11]. Initially, LSPC research focused on inorganic materials such as metals [12][13], semiconductors [1], and oxides [14][15], where the particle formation mechanisms are well

• CJ setup (Figure 1) [12][13][15][82], a repetition rate of 100 kHz ensured that each volume element was hit by 1.6 ± 0.4 pulses (exact calculation in Table S1, Supporting Information File 1). However, the real PPV number (= equal to pulses per particle) in the CJ may differ by a factor of up to two

Nanostructured materials characterized by scanning photoelectron spectromicroscopy

• Matteo Amati,
• Alexey S. Shkvarin,
• Alexander I. Merentsov,
• Alexander N. Titov,
• María Taeño,
• David Maestre,
• Sarah R. McKibbin,
• Zygmunt Milosz,
• Ana Cremades,
• Rainer Timm and
• Luca Gregoratti

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 700–710, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.54

• the Se 3d core level lines. One of the components was found to correspond to Se in TiSe2; the second component, which had no known analogues, was attributed to structural fragments of CrSe2. This confirmation was obtained directly by SPEM [13]. In the cleaved surface of the Cr0.78Ti0.36Se2 single

• reprinted from [13], J. Phys. Chem. Solids, vol. 160, by A. I. Merentsov; A. S. Shkvarin; M. S. Postnikov; L. Gregoratti; M. Amati; P. Zeller; P. Moras; A. N. Titov, “Studying the heterogeneity of the CrxTi1-xCh2 (Ch = S, Se) single crystals using X-ray scanning photoemission microscopy“, article no. 110309

High-temperature epitaxial growth of tantalum nitride thin films on MgO: structural evolution and potential for SQUID applications

• Michelle Cedillo Rosillo,
• Oscar Contreras López,
• Jesús Antonio Díaz,
• Agustín Conde Gallardo and
• Harvi A. Castillo Cuero

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 690–699, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.53

• could be pushed up to 10.8 K [13]. The Tc of TaN depends strongly on the crystallinity and stoichiometry of the thin films. Reports mentioned that pulsed laser deposition (PLD) in the reactive pulsed laser deposition (RPLD) mode is an efficient method for the growth of high-quality thin films [14]. In

The impact of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane hole transport layer doping on interfacial charge extraction and recombination

• Konstantinos Bidinakis and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 678–689, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.52

• therefore a charge accumulation within the perovskite. Initial studies suggested that this asymmetrical charge carrier behavior indicates an unfavorable hole extraction and a promoted electron extraction [9][13][14], but the migration and interaction of mobile ions (such as I− ions interacting with 2,2',7,7

• fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) substrates on thin (1.1 mm) glass from Ossila (11–13 Ω/cm2) with Zn powder and a 2 M HCl solution. Then, we brushed it thoroughly using a liquid alkaline concentrate (Hellmanex), followed by a 30 min argon plasma cleaning (200-G TePla Plasma System, Technics Plasma GmbH, at

Colloidal few layered graphene–tannic acid preserves the biocompatibility of periodontal ligament cells

• Teissir Ben Ammar,
• Naji Kharouf,
• Dominique Vautier,
• Housseinou Ba,
• Nivedita Sudheer,
• Philippe Lavalle and
• Vincent Ball

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 664–677, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.51

• reaggregation of exfoliated graphene layers [11]. Various surfactants have been employed. For instance, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate and sodium cholate have been reported to be able to produce stable graphene colloidal dispersions [13]. However, these synthetic surfactants often raise concerns about toxicity

Aprepitant-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles: a novel approach to enhance oral bioavailability

• Mazhar Hussain,
• Muhammad Farooq,
• Muhammad Asad Saeed,
• Muhammad Ijaz,
• Sherjeel Adnan,
• Zeeshan Masood,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Wafa Ishaq and
• Nabeela Ameer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 652–663, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.50

• plasma (Cmax) is reached after approx. 4 h, and the half-life is 9–13 h. An oral dose of 125 mg APT one hour before chemotherapy treatment (day 1), and 80 mg daily in the morning on days 2 and 3 are recommended [7]. APT is strongly bound to plasma protein (95%); it is absorbed slowly and crosses the

• solid lipids in the mixture, which leads to precipitation of SLNs [12]. The precipitation method has the advantage of simple, rapid, reproducible, cost-effective, and easy handling for producing SLNs with good scale-up potential [13]. In the present study, we prepared SLNs containing APT with better

• solutions were collected through micropipette and filtered by using membrane filter (0.45 µm). The APT concentration was determined in the supernatant using a UV–vis spectrophotometer (UV 1800 Shimadzu, Japan) measuring the absorbance at λmax of 210 nm [13]. Drug content and encapsulation efficiency Drug

Nanoscale capacitance spectroscopy based on multifrequency electrostatic force microscopy

• Pascal N. Rohrbeck,
• Lukas D. Cavar,
• Franjo Weber,
• Peter G. Reichel,
• Mara Niebling and
• Stefan A. L. Weber

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 637–651, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.49

• importance of dielectric properties becomes even more pronounced. Many advanced materials exhibit nanoscale structural heterogeneity, where quantum confinement, phase composition, and interfacial effects cause significant deviations in dielectric behavior compared to bulk materials [12][13]. These nanoscale

• spring constant on the second resonance are not the same as measured on the first resonance by the method of Sader and colleagues [98]. It is rather necessary to calculate the properties of the cantilever for the respective eigenmodes [99]. Equation 15 shows a detailed expression of Equation 13. Again

• curves (b) of a microcapacitor (a) while doing MFH-EFM (see Equation 11 and Equation 12) and compared with the detection of 2ω (see Equation 5 and Equation 13). The measurement was conducted with a NuNano SPARK 70 Pt cantilever. Comparison of the normalized C″ (red colors on top) and normalized C′ (blue

A formulation containing Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil: improvement of biochemical parameters and oxidative stress in diabetic rats

• Ailton Santos Sena-Júnior,
• Cleverton Nascimento Santana Andrade,
• Pedro Henrique Macedo Moura,
• Jocsã Hémany Cândido dos Santos,
• Cauãn Torres Trancoso,
• Eloia Emanuelly Dias Silva,
• Deise Maria Rego Rodrigues Silva,
• Ênio Pereira Telles,
• Luiz André Santos Silva,
• Isabella Lima Dantas Teles,
• Sara Fernanda Mota de Almeida,
• Daniel Alves de Souza,
• Jileno Ferreira Santos,
• Felipe José Aidar Martins,
• Ana Mara de Oliveira e Silva,
• Sandra Lauton-Santos,
• Guilherme Rodolfo Souza de Araujo,
• Cristiane Bani Correa,
• Rogéria De Souza Nunes,
• Lysandro Pinto Borges and
• Ana Amélia Moreira Lira

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 617–636, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.48

• similar to those presented in our previous study [12] and are shown in Table S1 (Supporting Information File 1). In total, 13 compounds were identified, the majority being α-citral (geranial, 53%), β-citral (neral, 19%), and geraniol (12%). EOCF also contained smaller percentages (0.07% to 4.90%) of

• constituents such as tricyclone, α-pinene, canphene, nonanone, linalool, isogeraniol, isoneral, isocitral, caryophyllene, and geranyl acetate. A study by Adukwu et al. [13] showed that citral (neral and geranial, 89%) and geraniol (8%) were the major constituents of EOCF, followed by linalool (2.7

• indicate that, despite the significant damage observed in the MET group, there are signs of tissue regeneration, showing a dynamic balance between inflammatory aggression and the liver’s reparative response. Histopathological analysis of the CONTROL group (Figure 13) revealed less inflammation and vascular

Focused ion and electron beams for synthesis and characterization of nanomaterials

• Aleksandra Szkudlarek

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 613–616, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.47

• CO desorption and halogen removal, overcoming the limitations of standard MeCpPtMe3 precursors, which yield low metal content [13]. In contrast to electrons, ions interact more energetically, generating local high temperatures that can damage sensitive samples such as biological or polymeric

Polyurethane/silk fibroin-based electrospun membranes for wound healing and skin substitute applications

• Iqra Zainab,
• Zohra Naseem,
• Syeda Rubab Batool,
• Muhammad Waqas,
• Ahsan Nazir and
• Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 591–612, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.46

• substitute applications [13]. Various materials including natural polymers, synthetic polymers, or composites have been used to create electrospun membranes. This review focuses on silk fibroin/polyurethan-based electrospun membranes. Silk fibroin (SF) is a naturally occurring biomaterial made of proteins

Feasibility analysis of carbon nanofiber synthesis and morphology control using a LPG premixed flame

• Iftikhar Rahman Bishal,
• Muhammad Hilmi Ibrahim,
• Norikhwan Hamzah,
• Mohd Zamri Mohd Yusop,
• Faizuan Bin Abdullah,
• I Putu Tedy Indrayana and
• Mohd Fairus Mohd Yasin

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2025, 16, 581–590, doi:10.3762/bjnano.16.45

• temperatures of 550–650 °C [13]. Also, CNFs were produced by loading a stainless-steel autoclave with 7.50 mL of diethyl ether and a solution containing 1.00 g of zinc powder and 0.50 g of iron powder. The sealed autoclave was heated to 650 °C and kept overnight for the hydrothermal reaction. After cooling to