Table of Contents |
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78 | Full Research Paper |
4 | Letter |
6 | Review |
6 | Editorial |
1 | Book Report |
Figure 1: Model of a binary oxide surface. Point defects such as color centers, which are preferably situated...
Figure 2: Experimental setup. a) Schematic of an Eigler-style bath cryostat. b) The walker unit is situated o...
Figure 3: The same tip senses both signals. (a–d) Pairs of simultaneously recorded signal curves from the fre...
Figure 4: Energetic levels. a) The Fermi levels of tip and sample when they are not electrically connected. b...
Figure 5: Magnesium oxide surface. a) Atomically resolved image recorded by NC-AFM. The position I and II ind...
Figure 6: Spectroscopy on point defects. a) NC-AFM image of 21 nm × 9 nm measured at a frequency shift of Δf ...
Figure 7: Dependence on tip-sample distance. Constant height line-scans across an F0 defect situated at a ste...
Figure 8: Dependence on tip-sample distance. a) Shift of the resonance frequency of a Pt0.9Ir0.1 tip on a reg...
Figure 9: Color centers on MgO. The left labeling assigns numbers to the defect types. The left graph shows t...
Figure 10: Atomic resolution NC-AFM image of a straight antiphase domain boundary (type I) in the aluminum oxi...
Figure 11: Height profiles. a) Cutout from Figure 10. White lines indicate positions where line profiles have been taken ...
Figure 12: Spectroscopy on aluminum oxide. a) STM image of a thin film of aluminum oxide on NiAl(110), 18 nm × ...
Figure 1: Sketch illustrating implementation of Kelvin force microscopy in the AM–FM mode. Two servo-loops, w...
Figure 2: A – Graph showing a temporal change of amplitude and phase of the AFM probe on approach to a sample...
Figure 3: Topography and surface potential images of F14H20 self-assemblies on Si substrate. The images in A ...
Figure 4: Topography, surface potential and dC/dZ images and cross-section plots obtained on a domain of F14H...
Figure 5: Topography and surface potential images recorded on two Bi/Sn samples. The images in A were obtaine...
Figure 6: Topography and surface potential images of the films of a latex blend of poly(n-butyl acrylate) and...
Figure 7: Topography and surface potential images, which were recorded at the scratch location in PS films of...
Figure 8: Topography and surface potential images of films of PS/PMMA blends on a Si substrate. The images in ...
Figure 9: Topography, phase, surface potential and dC/dZ images of an 80 nm thick film of PVAC/PS blend on IT...
Figure 10: Topography, surface potential and dC/dZ (amplitude and phase) images of 80 nm thick film of PVAC/PS...
Figure 1: Wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns of as-prepared LiNbO3/SBA-15 composites (LN). Effect of react...
Figure 2: N2 adsorption and desorption isotherms (77 K) of SBA-15 and as-prepared LiNbO3/SBA-15 composite (A)...
Figure 3: Transmission electron microscope (TEM) images of as-prepared LiNbO3/SBA-15 composite (A, B), and af...
Figure 4: High resolution transmission electron microscope images of LiNbO3 nanoparticles after template remo...
Figure 1: (a) Topographical measurement of molecular structures at KBr step edges showing monowires (1), unor...
Figure 2: (a) Topography of cyano-porphyrin molecular wires on a NaCl single crystal surface. In contrast to ...
Figure 3: nc-AFM measurements of molecular assemblies grown on an ultrathin KBr layer on Cu(111). (a) 100 × 1...
Figure 4: Chemical structure of the meso-(4-cyanophenyl)-substituted Zn(II) porphyrin investigated in this st...
Figure 1: Comparison of simulated ordering kinetics in bulk FePt alloys with results from annealing experimen...
Figure 2: Evolution of ordering fraction in a free FePt nanoparticle of D = 5 nm compared to the case of bulk...
Figure 3: Structure of a free 5 nm particle after 30 s of annealing time at 1000 K. Top: Pt atoms are display...
Figure 4: Snapshots of supported FePt nanoparticles illustrating the different interface energetics investiga...
Figure 5: Bottom panel: Evolution of LRO parameter with annealing time at 1000 K in free and supported FePt n...
Figure 6: Evolution of LRO parameter with annealing time at 1000 K in free and supported FePt nanoparticles w...
Figure 1: (a) Schematic drawing of the ACIS. (b) TEM image of a typical nanoparticle deposit on a carbon coat...
Figure 2: (a) X-ray absorption spectra of the Ni(111) substrate. Inset: Schematics of the experiment. (b) XAS...
Figure 3: (a) Schematics of the in situ RHEED setup [58] (b) and (c): RHEED diffraction patterns from (b) larger ...
Figure 4: (a) STM image of mass-filtered Fe nanoparticles (mean diameter of 7 nm) deposited onto W(110). Tunn...
Figure 1: Metal–insulator transition (MIT) temperatures of the investigated Magnéli-type vanadium oxide cryst...
Figure 2: Contact mode AFM topograph of the V4O7 crystal cleavage plane. Scanning size: 25 × 25 µm2, z-range ...
Figure 3: Typical force (F) vs distance (x) curves obtained on V4O7 for single measurements of a spherical Ti...
Figure 4: Statistical analysis of the adhesion forces acquired at the V4O7 cleavage plane at (a, b) 120 K and...
Figure 5: Summary of the mean values of the adhesion forces for all investigated Magnéli phases above and bel...
Figure 6: SEM images of a Ti microsphere (diameter 7.2 µm) attached at the free end of a single beam tipless ...
Figure 1: Two examples from nature: (a) Lotus effect [12], and (b) scale structure of shark reducing drag [21].
Figure 2: Schematic of velocity profiles of fluid flow without and with boundary slip. The definition of slip...
Figure 3: Schematic of the experimental flow channel connected with a differential manometer. The thickness, ...
Figure 4: (a) SEM micrographs taken at top view, 45° tilt angle side view and 45° tilt angle top view, show s...
Figure 5: SEM micrographs taken at 45º tilt angle (shown using three magnifications) of nanostructure on flat...
Figure 6: Pressure drop as a function of flow rate in the channel with various surfaces using water flow. The...
Figure 7: Bar chart showing the slip length in the channel with various surfaces using water flow in laminar ...
Figure 8: Pressure drop as a function of flow rate in the channel with flat acrylic resin and rib-patterned s...
Figure 9: Pressure drop as a function of flow rate in the channel with various surfaces using air flow. The f...
Figure 10: Pressure drop as a function of flow rate in the channel with flat acrylic resin and rib-patterned s...
Figure 11: Schematics of a droplet of liquid showing philic/phobic nature in three different phase interface o...
Figure 12: Schematics of a solid–water–oil interface system. A specimen is first immersed in water phase, then...
Figure 13: SEM micrographs taken at a 45° tilt angle showing two magnifications of (a) the micropatterned surf...
Figure 14: Optical micrographs of droplets in three different phase interfaces on flat epoxy resin and micropa...
Figure 15: Static contact angle as a function of geometric parameters for water droplet (circle) and oil dropl...
Figure 16: Static contact angle as a function of geometric parameters for water droplet (circle) and oil dropl...
Figure 17: Optical micrographs of droplets in three different phase interfaces on nanostructure and hierarchic...
Figure 18: Optical micrographs of droplets in three different phase interfaces on shark skin replica without a...
Figure 1: Evolution of the logarithm of the dissipated power normalized by the radius (R) as a function of (a...
Scheme 1: Scheme presenting the different forces during tip–particle and particle–substrate interactions, and...
Figure 2: Typical trajectories of bare gold nanoparticles (20 nm diameter) on a silicon substrate when the pr...
Figure 3: Typical scan patterns used in AFM: (a) raster scan path used by Nanosurf (b) zigzag scan path used ...
Figure 4: AFM images of nanocluster movement during their manipulation (a) gold nanorods deposited onto silic...
Figure 5: (a) Average power dissipation accompanying the onset of motion of as-synthesized and coated nanopar...
Figure 6: AFM images of 25 nm diameter gold nanoparticles deposited onto a silicon wafer. (a) Ordered organiz...
Scheme 2: Formation of two capillary water bridges between hydrophilic tip and particle, and particle and sur...
Scheme 3: Formation of two water layer films between hydrophilic tip–hydrophobic particle, and hydrophobic pa...
Figure 7: As-synthesized Au particles on silicon in ultra-high vacuum. Frame size: 3 µm.
Figure 8: AFM image of nanopatterned surface exhibiting Si pits: Frame size: 3 µm.
Figure 9: Manipulation of as-synthesized Au nanoparticles on (a) a flat silicon wafer with a spacing of 9.7 n...
Figure 10: Logarithm of the dissipated power in moving as-synthesized NPs on silicon wafer versus the tip scan...
Figure 11: 400 nm × 400 nm TEM image of 25 nm diameter gold nanoparticles.
Figure 1: UV–vis spectra of MP solution after being in contact with Mg–Al (a), Zn–Al (b) and Ni–Al. (c) hydro...
Figure 2: Conversion of MP to p-NP from waste solutions treating with hydrotalcite mixed oxides: Mg–Al, Zn–Al...
Figure 3: X-ray diffractograms corresponding to Mg–Al (a), Zn–Al (b) and Ni-Al (c) calcined hydrotalcite afte...
Figure 4: Schematic representation of MP degradation on a basic site of Mg–Al calcined HT (1), followed by th...
Figure 1: A) Schematics of the flow cell design for microfluidic anodization. B) An aluminum substrate is ano...
Figure 2: SEM images of the nanoporous alumina film anodized under constant flow conditions.
Figure 3: Impedance plot measured across the nanoporous membrane before (stars) and after (circles) lipid bil...
Figure 4: Impedance and phase measured at 1 kHz across the nanoporous membrane versus driving pressure for th...
Figure 5: The kinetics of the lipid bilayer formation on a nanoporous alumina membrane is shown by measuring ...
Figure 1: N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms of SBA-15 unwashed (1A), after washing with 30 mL ethanol (1B) a...
Figure 2: NLDFT pore size distributions of SBA-15 unwashed (1A), after washing with 30 mL ethanol (1B) and 30...
Figure 3: Small angle XRD of SBA-15 unwashed (1A), after washing with 30 mL ethanol (1B) and 30 mL water (1C)...
Figure 4: N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms of SBA-15 unwashed (2A), after washing with 5 mL (2B) and 30 mL (...
Figure 5: NLDFT pore size distribution of SBA-15 unwashed (2A), after washing with 5 mL (2B) and 30 mL (2C) q...
Figure 6: NLDFT pore size distribution of SBA-15 unwashed (2A), after washing with 5 mL (2B) and 30 mL (2C) q...
Figure 7: Small angle XRD of SBA-15 unwashed (2A), after washing with 5 mL (2B) and 30 mL (2C) quantities of ...
Figure 8: N2 adsorption/desorption isotherms of SBA-15 sample 3 devided into a 1× half batch unwashed (3A), a...
Figure 9: NLDFT pore size distribution of SBA-15 sample 3 calculated from the adsorption branch of the isothe...
Figure 10: XRD of SBA-15 sample 3 devided into a 1× half batch unwashed (3A), after washing with 5 mL (3B) and...
Figure 11: Effect of narrowed pores in the SBA-15 structure on the isotherm shape.
Figure 1: (a) SEM image of the removed ITO layer from the template surface. (b)–(d) SEM images of bulk ITO-NT...
Figure 2: (a) Deposition time vs. wall thickness plot. (b) Gaussian distribution of 10 nm wall thickness ITO-...
Figure 3: (a) EDX spectrum of ITO-NTs dissected on silicon waver. (b) Normalized Raman Scattering spectrum of...
Figure 4: XPS spectra of the synthesized ITO-NTs (a) In(3d) spectrum; (b) Sn(3d) spectrum; (c) In-O(1s) and S...
Figure 1: Side view of a photoelectrochemical cell (1 cm × 1 cm × 3 cm) used for CV measurements with membran...
Figure 2: Cyclic voltammograms both in the dark (black line) and with light irradiation (gray line) at a nano...
Figure 3: Formation of a Schottky barrier (junction) in an n-semiconductor photoanode at the interface with a...
Figure 4: Mott–Schottky plot of a nanoporous TiO2 thin film coated on FTO in contact with a 10% aqueous metha...
Figure 5: Schematic representation for the formation of continuous Schottky junctions with space charge layer...
Figure 6: Cyclic voltammogram in the dark (black line) and with light irradiation (gray line) at a nanoporous...
Figure 7: Cyclic voltammogram in the dark (black line) and light irradiation (gray line) at a nanoporous TiO2...
Figure 8: Cyclic voltammogram in the dark (black line) and on irradiation (gray line) at a nanoporous TiO2 (G...
Figure 9: Schematic representation of a two-step Schottky junction/ohmic contact behavior of a nanoporous n-T...
Figure 1: Lateral view on the water bug Notonecta glauca.
Figure 2: Selected air retaining body parts of Notonecta glauca: A,B) setae on the abdominal sternites; C,D) ...
Figure 3: Submerged body parts of Notonecta glauca in the course of time. All surfaces were treated with a hy...
Figure 4: Air retention [classes] of the submerged surfaces of Notonecta glauca vs time. All surfaces were tr...
Figure 5: Air covered surface on the upper side of the elytron at increasing inflow velocity.
Figure 6: Averaged velocity field over the elytron surface (upper side).
Figure 7: Velocity component u parallel to the elytron surface recorded along path in Figure 6.
Figure 1: Effect of droplets of blue-dyed water on a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane: a) droplet ca...
Figure 2: Effect of droplets of water on a thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) membrane ribbon substrate hanging...
Figure 3: Initial and final states involved in a droplet wrapping event for a flexible ribbon membrane with r...
Figure 4: Formation of a liquid marbles: a) droplet contacting substrate composed of loose grains, b) attachm...
Figure 1: (a) Lotus leaves, which exhibit extraordinary water repellency on their upper side. (b) Scanning el...
Figure 2: Epidermis cells of the leaf upper side with papillae. The surface is densely covered with wax tubul...
Figure 3: SEM images of the papillose leaf surfaces of Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus) (a), Euphorbia myrsinites (b)...
Figure 4: The contact between water and superhydrophobic papillae at different pressures. At moderate pressur...
Figure 5: Measured forces between a superhydrophobic papilla-model and a water drop during advancing and rece...
Figure 6: Papillose and non-papillose leaf surfaces with an intact coating of wax crystals: (a) Nelumbo nucif...
Figure 7: Traces of natural erosion of the waxes on the same leaves as in Figure 6: (a) Nelumbo nucifera (Lotus); (b) ...
Figure 8: Test for the stability of the waxes against damaging by wiping on the same leaves: (a) Nelumbo nuci...
Figure 9: SEM and LM images of cross sections through the papillae. Lotus (a,b) and Euphorbia myrsinites (c,d...
Figure 10: Epicuticular wax crystals in an area of 4 × 3 µm2. The upper side of the lotus leaf (a) has the hig...
Figure 11: Chemical composition of the separated waxes of the upper and lower side of the lotus leaf. The uppe...
Figure 12: X-ray diffraction diagram of upperside lotus wax. The ‘long spacing’ peaks indicate a layer structu...
Figure 13: Model of a wax tubule composed of layers of nonacosan-10-ol and nonacosanediol molecules. The OH-gr...
Figure 1: Energies of Mn–Pt clusters of various morphologies and sizes. The energy reference is marked by the...
Figure 2: Energetic order (left panel) and magnetization (right panel, left scale) of ternary 561 atom Fe–Mn–...
Figure 3: Lattice constant (left panel) and c/a ratio (right panel) of ternary 561-atom Fe–Mn–Pt clusters wit...
Figure 1: Arborescent monocotyledons. (A) Dracaena draco, (B) Dracaena yuccaeifolia, (C) Yucca sp., (D) Panda...
Figure 2: Branch–stem-junction of Freycinetia insignis and Dracaena reflexa. (A) F. insignis, longitudinal se...
Figure 3: Breaking experiments. Different modes of fracture found in Dracaena reflexa. (A) Fracture in the st...
Figure 4: Bivariate, double logarithmic plot of maximal forces vs diameter of lateral branches (d1 or d2 depe...
Figure 5: Bivariate, double logarithmic plot of fracture toughness until maximal force vs diameter of lateral...
Figure 6: Bivariate, double logarithmic plot of stress at failure vs diameter of lateral branches (d1 or d2 d...
Figure 7: Prototype of biomimetically optimised, braided branched fibre reinforced technical compound structu...
Figure 8: Breaking experiments. Schematic drawing of the geometry and parameters used for calculations. The d...
Figure 9: Breaking experiments. A critical force Fcrit is applied to a branch of Dracaena reflexa by means of...
Figure 10: Breaking experiments. Exemplary force-displacement diagrams showing maximal force and displacement ...
Figure 1: Infrared receptors in Melanophila beetles (A) and pyrophilous bug species of the genus Aradus (B). ...
Figure 2: Schematic drawings of single IR receptors of Melanophila (A) and Aradus (B). 1: outer exocuticle; 2...
Figure 3: Principle of a gas-filled Golay sensor with optical read-out. For explanations see text.
Figure 4: Comparison of the sensillum (left) with the model of the sensor (right).
Figure 5: Maximum central deflection ymax of a circular membrane as function of factor Ω and irradiation time...
Figure 6: IR power density as function of the cavity axis for different liquids. Suprasil® 300 was used as th...
Figure 7: Temperature distribution along the cavity axis 50 ms after the onset of irradiation for different l...
Figure 8: Temperature distribution along the cavity axis z 0.5 s after the onset of irradiation for a water-f...
Figure 9: Pressure difference ΔP of a circular membrane at t = 0.5 s as a function of factor Ω for a water-fi...
Figure 10: Maximum central deflection ymax of a circular membrane at t = 0.5 s as function of factor Ω for a w...
Figure 11: Left: model of the pressure core in the sensillum connected by nanocanals with the outer compartmen...
Figure 12: Pressures in the cavity, PC, and in the reservoir, PR, as a function of time for a cavity with a vo...
Figure 13: Comparison of time constants for a compensation leak of a cavity filled with water or with CO2 gas ...
Figure 1: (a) XRD pattern of ZrO2 precursor, (b) XRD pattern of the synthesized zirconium product after acid ...
Figure 2: Zr K-edge (a) normalized XANES, (b) k3-weighted EXAFS and (c) corresponding Fourier Transform of Zr...
Figure 3: SEM images for (a) ZrO2 and (b) Zr.
Figure 4: (a) TEM images of ZrO2, the reactant (b) HRTEM of the reaction product.
Figure 1: The three lizard species under investigation. (A) Moloch horridus with an array of spikes covering ...
Figure 2: Different sizes and morphologies of scales of Phrynosoma cornutum. (A) Dorsal (back) scales along t...
Figure 3: Water spreading on the reptiles' surfaces. A droplet of 5 µl was applied through a syringe and brou...
Figure 4: Scale of Phrynosoma cornutum dipped into deionised water. The freshly prepared scale (A) exhibits a...
Figure 5: Micro ornamentation of the scales of the three investigated lizard species. (A) Moloch horridus sho...
Figure 6: Water spreading on epoxy replica of moisture harvesting reptiles. A 5 µl droplet of water was appli...
Figure 7: Water condensation on epoxy replicas of structured surfaces. The epoxy replicas were cut into disks...
Figure 8: Water transport in interscalar capillaries. The behaviour of coloured water on the integument of th...
Figure 9: Water transport velocity in the capillary system. Two typical examples of results of a frame-to-fra...
Figure 1: Sphere like droplets of fluid #1 (grey) attached to an axially symmetric solid cone (the broken lin...
Figure 2: Thin lines: Curves of constant surface formation energy W (ε, θ) of an equilibrated droplet of volu...
Figure 3: Surface formation energy W (ε, θ) of an equilibrated droplet of volume V. Values of W are given as ...
Figure 4: Line-up of cones. The apex half-angle ε increases from left to right. For θ = const. and 0° < θ < 9...
Figure 5: Double line-up of cones similar to a zip fastener constructed from the left part of Figure 4. The apex half...
Figure 1: Precipitated aragonite needles (left) and calcite rhombohedrons (right). Upper: light microscopy im...
Figure 2: X-ray diffraction patterns of precipitated aragonite (upper) and calcite rhombohedrons (lower). Pur...
Figure 3: SDS-PAGE of proteins after different preparational steps as follows. M: marker proteins of known si...
Figure 4: SDS-PAGE of control experiment with lysozyme. M: marker proteins of known size. L, L*: high concent...
Figure 1: Macro photo of a water droplet on a flower of the wild pansy (Viola tricolor).
Figure 2: SEM micrographs of the petal surfaces (1a–4a), the uncoated polymer replicas (1b–4b) and the coated...
Figure 3: Diagram of the micropapillae dimensions of the average papilla shape on the upper surface of the Co...
Figure 4: Static CAs of 5 µl water droplets on the surfaces of fresh (original) petals, their uncoated and co...
Figure 5: TAs of 5 µl water droplets on the surfaces of fresh (original) Cosmos, Dahlia, Rosa and Viola flowe...
Figure 6: Cryo-SEM micrograph of the micropapillae of a Viola petal in contact with the surface of a water-gl...
Figure 1: Effective backscattering amplitude of O, Fe, and Pt as a function of wave number and phase shift. A...
Figure 2: Experimental EXAFS data measured at the Pt L3 absorption edge of FePt bulk material at room tempera...
Figure 3: Real part of a Gabor mother wavelet (red curve) and baby wavelets generated by scaling and shifting...
Figure 4: Two different sample signals (upper panel) that show the same radial distance function after FT (ce...
Figure 5: WT of room temperature EXAFS data for Fe (upper graphic) and Pt (lower graphic) reference samples m...
Figure 6: Room temperature EXAFS data of FePt bulk material (left panel) and nanoparticles (right panel) meas...
Figure 7: WT of room temperature EXAFS data of FePt nanoparticles measured at the Pt L3 (upper graphic) and F...
Figure 8: Composition dependence of spin and orbital magnetic moments at the Fe and Pt sites in chemically di...
Figure 9: Dependence of spin and orbital magnetic moments at the Fe and Pt sites in chemically disordered FeP...
Figure 1: (a) Geometrical model of a tip, with cone length l, half-aperture angle θ0, spherical apex radius R...
Figure 2: One dimensional PSF calculated for two different probe–sample distances with and without the cantil...
Figure 3: Left axis: Relative magnitude of the homogeneous force distribution on different fractions of the p...
Figure 4: Line section (vertical line at inset figure) for KPFM simulation with different cantilever geometri...
Figure 5: Line section of UHV KPFM (i) measurements [20], (ii) simulated, and (iii) theoretical potential distrib...
Figure 6: Beam deflection influence on PSF. The dashed line represents the PSF of a deflected beam while the ...
Figure 7: Second harmonic deflection relative to the cantilever at its rest position. The free edge deflectio...
Figure 8: Second harmonic weighting influence on the PSF. Dashed lines: PSF calculated with the second harmon...
Figure 1: Consecutive AFM images showing nonacosan-10-ol wax tubule growth on a single crystal Au(111) surfac...
Figure 2: Initial stage formation of lotus wax tubules on a glassy carbon surface (a) and profile across the ...
Figure 3: Change in tubule length (Figure 3a) and width (Figure 3b) versus time for two representative tubules (numbered as 1 a...
Figure 4: Consecutive AFM images of Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) wax tubule growth on HOPG, about 32–230 minutes ...
Figure 1: Scanning electron micrograph of Fe nanoparticles deposited on Si. The average particle size observe...
Figure 2: Transmission electron microscope image of Fe nanoparticles (dark contrast) coated with a thin SiOx ...
Figure 3: Electron diffraction pattern of the Fe nanoparticles. The Miller indices of the respective lattice ...
Figure 4: X-ray diffraction patterns (Cu Kα radiation) of Fe nanoparticles embedded in a Cu film on a Ta subs...
Figure 5: In-plane hysteresis curves of the embedded Fe nanoparticles measured at 10 K in as-prepared state (...
Figure 6: In-plane hysteresis curves of the embedded Fe nanoparticles after loading of the Ta substrate with ...
Figure 7: ZFC (circles) and FC (squares) magnetization curves of the Fe nanoparticles embedded in Cu film in ...
Figure 1: Responses of sensor platform I to a human finger that moved alongside the ALLC with a velocity of a...
Figure 2: A typical AN response to a dipole flow field. The sinusoidal voltage used to drive the mini-shaker ...
Figure 3: The response of an artificial CN exposed to the vortices shed from a stationary cylinder (diameter ...
Figure 4: Responses of ANA (upper line in each graph) and ANB (lower line in each graph) (for ANA and ANB see ...
Figure 5: Responses of AN1 to AN8 (cf. Figure 6B) to bulk water flow. Note that the most prominent peak visible in the...
Figure 6: Horizontal (left) and vertical (right) cross sections of platforms III (A) and IV (B) that were use...
Figure 7: Velocity calculated with data obtained from AN1 to AN8 as function of bulk flow velocity. Note that...
Figure 8: Scheme of an artificial CN. The drawing is not to scale.
Scheme 1: Synthesis of the sol–gel precursor 1.
Figure 1: Infrared spectra of compound 1 (A), MCM-ACR (B) and MCM-ACR + Sc(OTf)3 (C). The box marks the secti...
Figure 2: C=O vibrational band section of the infrared spectra of compound 1 (A), MCM-ACR (B) and MCM-ACR + S...
Figure 3: TEM images showing the mesoporous structure of MCM-ACR (left: frontal, right: lateral), inset in le...
Figure 4: Sorption isotherm (left) and pore size distribution (BJH plot) (right) of MCM-ACR.
Figure 5: XRD pattern of MCM-ACR.
Figure 6: 13C CP-MAS NMR spectrum of MCM-ACR overlaid with the high resolution 13C NMR spectrum of precursor 1...
Figure 7: 29Si CP-MAS NMR spectrum of MCM-ACR.
Figure 8: Visual appearance of MCM-ACR and MCM-ACR + Sc(OTf)3 under normal (a) and UV light (b).
Figure 9: Overlay of the solid state UV-vis (top) and fluorescence (bottom) spectra of MCM-ACR, MCM-ACR + Sc(...
Figure 1: SEM images of aligned CNTs prepared at different temperatures (a) 650 °C, (b) 750 °C, (c) 850 °C, (...
Figure 2: (a) SEM image of aligned CNTs on a quartz substrate. (b) SEM image of an isolated mat collected fro...
Figure 3: X-ray diffraction (XRD) of aligned MWCNTs on quartz substrate prepared at (a) 650 °C and (b) 1100 °...
Figure 4: TEM images of aligned CNTs prepared at (a) 650 °C, (b) 750 °C, (c) 850 °C, (d) 950 °C, (e) 1000 °C,...
Figure 5: HRTEM images of MWCNTs prepared at (a) 650 °C, (b) 750 °C, (c) 850 °C, (d) 950 °C, (e) 1000 °C, and...
Figure 6: AFM image of isolated CNTs prepared at (a) 650 °C and (b) 1100 °C. The scan area is 15 μm × 15 μm a...
Figure 7: SAXS pattern of aligned CNTs prepared at (a) 1100 °C and (b) 650 °C. SEM images of aligned CNTs pre...
Figure 8: (a) Raman spectra and (b) TGA curves of aligned CNTs prepared at 650 and 1100 °C.