Preparation and X-ray structure of 2-iodoxybenzenesulfonic acid (IBS) – a powerful hypervalent iodine(V) oxidant

• Irina A. Mironova,
• Pavel S. Postnikov,
• Rosa Y. Yusubova,
• Akira Yoshimura,
• Thomas Wirth,
• Viktor V. Zhdankin,
• Victor N. Nemykin and
• Mekhman S. Yusubov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1854–1858, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.159

• product of its acetylation Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP) are the most common oxidants used for selective oxidation of alcohols to carbonyl compounds as well as for a variety of other synthetically useful oxidative transformations [10][11]. IBX and DMP are mild oxidants with a relatively low reactivity

Phosphoramidite building blocks with protected nitroxides for the synthesis of spin-labeled DNA and RNA

• Timo Weinrich,
• Eva A. Jaumann,
• Ute M. Scheffer,
• Thomas F. Prisner and
• Michael W. Göbel

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1563–1569, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.133

• 6-chloro derivative 13 as starting material, easily accessible from deoxyadenosine via enzymatic deamination, acetylation [37] and chlorination. This compound reacted cleanly and yielded 67% of the TEMPO conjugate 14. After deacetylation (15) and tritylation (16), amidite building block 7 was

• similar way as 13 by enzymatic deamination of adenosine, acetylation [46] and chlorination. A clean reaction with amino-TEMPO compound 10 then produced 78% of compound 18. Ester hydrolysis (19) and tritylation afforded 20 which was silylated with 1.8 equiv of TBS chloride. Although the 3’-silylated and

One hundred years of benzotropone chemistry

• Arif Dastan,
• Haydar Kilic and
• Nurullah Saracoglu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 1120–1180, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.98

• compound 267. Nitro compound 267 was also hydrogenated to produce 7-amino derivative 264. Diazoketone 265 was prepared from 264 with sodium nitrite in fluoroboric acid (HBF4) and its Wolff rearrangement under reflux conditions in water gave 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid (266). Acetylation of 264 with sodium

Synthesis of a sucrose-based macrocycle with unsymmetrical monosaccharides "arms"

• Karolina Tiara,
• Mykhaylo A. Potopnyk and
• Sławomir Jarosz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 634–641, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.50

• from the C6’-position gave alcohol 22 in 97% yield. Under the same "Swern oxidation–reductive amination–acetylation" conditions, alcohol 22 was converted into aldehyde 23, which reacted further with amine 18, furnishing diolefin 24 in 64% total yield. Cyclization of precursor 24 induced by the Hoveyda

Synthetic and semi-synthetic approaches to unprotected N-glycan oxazolines

• Antony J. Fairbanks

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2018, 14, 416–429, doi:10.3762/bjoc.14.30

• with pectinase from Aspergillus aculeatus, which has both mannosidase and galactosidase activity, at 50 °C for 48 h in a 50 mM acetate buffer (pH 5.0) resulted in the production of a mixture of compounds, from which the Manβ(1–4)Man disaccharide was readily purified by acetylation (typically in ≈30

• donor 2, removed the 4,6-benzylidene, and then regioselectively glycosylated the free primary OH at position 6 with 2,6-branched trisaccharide trichloroacetimidate donor 3. Following conversion of the Troc groups into acetamides and reduction and acetylation of the azide, all of the acetates were

• biantennary glycans. Originally Wang and co-workers reported [92] the synthesis of this type of oxazoline using a sequence of acetylation, treatment with TMSBr/BF3·Et2O/collidine and deacetylation. However, treatment of the free reducing sugar with DMC allows the production of the truncated complex N-glycan

Synthesis of ergostane-type brassinosteroids with modifications in ring A

• Vladimir N. Zhabinskii,
• Darya A. Osiyuk,
• Yuri V. Ermolovich,
• Natalia M. Chaschina,
• Tatsiana S. Dalidovich,
• Miroslav Strnad and
• Vladimir A. Khripach

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2326–2331, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.229

• epibrassinolide (2) into the corresponding Δ2-steroids. The first route comprised the selective protection of the side chain diol in 1 and 2 through exhaustive acetylation followed by saponification of the intermediate tetraacetates under controlled conditions [14]. Next, a Corey–Winter reaction [15] of the

Enzymatic separation of epimeric 4-C-hydroxymethylated furanosugars: Synthesis of bicyclic nucleosides

• Neha Rana,
• Manish Kumar,
• Vinod Khatri,
• Jyotirmoy Maity and
• Ashok K. Prasad

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2078–2086, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.205

• acetylation methodology has been developed for the separation of an epimeric mixture of ribo- and xylotrihydroxyfuranosides in quantitative yields. The structure of both the monoacetylated epimers, i.e., 5-O-acetyl-4-C-hydroxymethyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-ribo- and xylofuranose obtained by enzymatic

• acetylation, has been confirmed by an X-ray study on their corresponding 4-C-p-toluenesulfonyloxymethyl derivatives. Furthermore, the two separated epimers were used for the convergent synthesis of two different types of bicyclic nucleosides, which confirms their synthetic utility. Keywords

• ), diisopropyl ether (DIPE), toluene and dioxane. We carried out all ten sets of reactions for diastereoselective acetylation of epimeric mixtures of ribo- and xylotrihydroxyfuranosides 3a,b by using vinyl acetate at 30, 35, 40 and 45 °C and at 250 rpm in an incubator shaker to evaluate the appropriate lipase

Intramolecular glycosylation

• Xiao G. Jia and
• Alexei V. Demchenko

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 2028–2048, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.201

• (1→4) glycoside.” Indeed, after sequential glycosylation in the presence of TsOH at 50 oC, methanolysis, and per-acetylation, disaccharide 4 was isolated in 20% yield. The authors then very reasonably concluded that “Consequently, the presence of the ester linkage which kept the two sugar moieties in

• debenzylation followed by global acetylation to afford product 30. The extension of this approach to convergent oligosaccharide synthesis and reiterative sequencing in presented in Scheme 8. Thus, maltose and lactose disaccharide building blocks were linked via the xylylene tether, and the resulting compound 31

• that affected the removal of the template and all benzyl protecting groups followed by acetylation of the resulting hydroxy groups. Peptide tether/template Short peptide chains have also been investigated as templates for glycosylation. The general underpinning idea is to streamline the oligosaccharide

Selective enzymatic esterification of lignin model compounds in the ball mill

• Ulla Weißbach,
• Saumya Dabral,
• Laure Konnert,
• Carsten Bolm and
• José G. Hernández

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1788–1795, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.173

• reported to be effective in yielding new molecules and materials with higher hydrophobicity. However, controlling the degree of acetylation has not been an easy task, with the esterification process often resulting in a mixture of esters or fully esterified samples. In this regard, enzymatic esterification

• , the latter proved less active at catalyzing the esterification of erythro-1a (Table 1, entry 2). This difference in reactivity between both of the lipases has been documented previously in the literature [31]. Comparably, lipase PS-IM, which has been reported to facilitate the acetylation of secondary

• acyl donor, respectively (Table 2, entries 7 and 8). Having determined the best reaction conditions for the selective enzymatic acetylation of the erythro-1a in the ball mill, the protocol was applied to other β-O-4 model compounds (Scheme 3). In general, all the substrates 1a–h generated the

The chemistry and biology of mycolactones

• Matthias Gehringer and
• Karl-Heinz Altmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1596–1660, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.159

New electroactive asymmetrical chalcones and therefrom derived 2-amino- / 2-(1H-pyrrol-1-yl)pyrimidines, containing an N-[ω-(4-methoxyphenoxy)alkyl]carbazole fragment: synthesis, optical and electrochemical properties

• Daria G. Selivanova,
• Alexei A. Gorbunov,
• Olga A. Mayorova,
• Alexander N. Vasyanin,
• Igor V. Lunegov,
• Elena V. Shklyaeva and
• Georgii G. Abashev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1583–1595, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.158

• linked with a central pyrimidine core and another one is linked by a rigid thiophene cycle as a π-conjugated bridge. We have applied a usual synthetic protocol which includes eight successive steps: O-alkylation of 4-methoxyphenol (1), N-alkylation of carbazole (2), formylation or acetylation of a

• -carbazoles 3a,b were obtained via acetylation of the same carbazoles 1a,b [20]. The presence of an acetyl group in the resulted compounds 3a and 3b gives the opportunity to extend their conjugation chain via incorporation of an thiophene moiety with the help of a Vilsmeier–Haack–Arnold reaction. The reaction

Synthesis of oligonucleotides on a soluble support

• Harri Lönnberg

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1368–1387, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.134

• by acetylation and the support was again precipitated with Et2O. Finally, ammonolysis was carried out and the oligonucleotide was separated from the PEG support by precipitation from MeOH. The feasibility of the method was tested by the synthesis of d(5´-ACGGGCCCGT-3´) in 75% yield. Synthesis of

One-pot synthesis of block-copolyrotaxanes through controlled rotaxa-polymerization

• Jessica Hilschmann,
• Gerhard Wenz and
• Gergely Kali

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1310–1315, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.127

• Supporting Information File 1). The molar masses of polyrotaxanes 1 and 2 were determined after complete acetylation by GPC in THF (for results see Table 1). From the molar ratio i/st, the average molar mass per monomer repeat was derived Da for both polyrotaxanes 1 and 2, which allows to calculate the

• polyrotaxanes 3–6 were determined after complete acetylation by GPC in THF (Table 2). First, after homopolymerization, the molar masses were 9 and 4 kDa for the polyHEMA and polyTRIS-AAm stoppers blocks, respectively. After block copolymerization with isoprene complexed in RAMEB, the corresponding molar masses

Strategies toward protecting group-free glycosylation through selective activation of the anomeric center

• A. Michael Downey and
• Michal Hocek

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1239–1279, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.123

An eco-compatible strategy for the diversity-oriented synthesis of macrocycles exploiting carbohydrate-derived building blocks

• Sushil K. Maurya and
• Rohit Rana

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1106–1118, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.110

• , eco-friendly without compromise in yield and selectivity. Build-couple-pair (B/C/P) strategy for macrocycles. Different building blocks used for DOS. Cycloaddition reaction of alkyne-azide building block. Acetylation of macrocycle 4m. Optimization of the reaction conditions for the cycloaddition

A concise and practical stereoselective synthesis of ipragliflozin L-proline

• Shuai Ma,
• Zhenren Liu,
• Jing Pan,
• Shunli Zhang and
• Weicheng Zhou

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 1064–1070, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.105

• -selectivity [9][10]. This approach included six steps such as addition, methyl etherification, acetylation, reduction, deprotection and cocrystallization with L-proline to get 1 with a total yield of 32.89%. The subsequent improvement reported included the replacement of aryllithium by aryl Grignard reagents

Total synthesis of TMG-chitotriomycin based on an automated electrochemical assembly of a disaccharide building block

• Yuta Isoda,
• Norihiko Sasaki,
• Kei Kitamura,
• Shuji Takahashi,
• Sujit Manmode,
• Naoko Takeda-Okuda,
• Jun-ichi Tamura,
• Toshiki Nokami and
• Toshiyuki Itoh

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 919–924, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.93

• were achieved by following the procedure reported by Yu and co-workers (Figure 4) [8]. Phthaloyl groups and acetyl groups of 7 are removed by the reaction with ethylenediamine followed by applying the conventional acetylation protocol with acetic anhydride (Ac2O) in the presence of N,N

Nucleophilic and electrophilic cyclization of N-alkyne-substituted pyrrole derivatives: Synthesis of pyrrolopyrazinone, pyrrolotriazinone, and pyrrolooxazinone moieties

• Işıl Yenice,
• Sinan Basceken and
• Metin Balci

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 825–834, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.83

• starting compound 8 was synthesized via a slightly modified route by acetylation of pyrrole with trichloroacetyl chloride in 89% yield [19][23]. The reaction of 8 with NaOMe in methanol gave pyrrole ester 9 (Scheme 1) [19][24]. It is essential to use bromoalkynes for N-alkyne substitution of pyrrole ester

• aromatic o-carbon atoms at 128.8 ppm indicating the structure 13c. For further proof of the structure, 12c was submitted to an acetylation reaction with acetic anhydride in pyridine to give the acetylated compound 14 in 97% yield (Scheme 2). The NH- proton resonance was now shifted to lower field (9.12 ppm

• energies shown for 20, TS1, and 21). Synthesis of N-alkyne substituted methyl 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate derivatives 7a–d. Nucleophilic cyclization reaction of compounds 7a–d and acetylation of 12c. Synthesis of 16. Proposed reaction mechanism of nucleophilic cyclization reaction of 7. Electrophilic

Synthesis of D-manno-heptulose via a cascade aldol/hemiketalization reaction

• Yan Chen,
• Xiaoman Wang,
• Junchang Wang and
• You Yang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 795–799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.79

• to synthesize the 2-OH-protected C4 aldehyde for the assembly of the seven-carbon skeleton. Thus, acetylation of the 2-OH group in 7 with acetic anhydride and DMAP in dichloromethane provided ester 8 in 86% yield. The positions of the 2-acetyl and 3-PMB groups were determined by 1H, 13C and 2D NMR

• -hydroxy group in 14 followed by treatment with DDQ could yield the desired 5-hydroxy product in high yield. Indeed, acetylation of alcohol 14 with acetic anhydride delivered ester 15 in 91% yield. Removal of the PMB group in 15 with DDQ resulted in a very clean reaction, affording alcohol 16 in an

NMR reaction monitoring in flow synthesis

• M. Victoria Gomez and
• Antonio de la Hoz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 285–300, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.31

• experimental setup of the flow system. (a) Microfluidic probe. (b) Microreactor holder. (c) Stripline NMR chip holder. (d) Arrangement of the microfluidic chip in the holder. Reproduced with permission from reference [44]. Copyright 2009 The American Chemical Society. Acetylation of benzyl alcohol. Spectra at

Total synthesis of a Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 12F CPS repeating unit hexasaccharide

• Peter H. Seeberger,
• Claney L. Pereira and
• Subramanian Govindan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2017, 13, 164–173, doi:10.3762/bjoc.13.19

• steps from known galactosylazide selenide 23 [29]. Acetylation of the C3 hydroxy group of 23 furnished fully differentially protected selenoglycoside 24 in 82% yield. Hydrolysis of the selenoglycoside using NIS in aqueous THF produced hemiacetal 25 that was silylated prior to selective saponification of

O-Alkylated heavy atom carbohydrate probes for protein X-ray crystallography: Studies towards the synthesis of methyl 2-O-methyl-L-selenofucopyranoside

• Roman Sommer,
• Dirk Hauck,
• Annabelle Varrot,
• Anne Imberty,
• Markus Künzler and
• Alexander Titz

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2828–2833, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.282

• sodium acetate as base. From this acetylation reaction, a chromatographically inseparable mixture of isomeric per-O-acetylated pyranosides 9α/9β and a single furanoside 10 in a ratio of 9α/9β/10 = 3:1:3 was obtained in 42% yield over the two steps (Scheme 2). The isomeric mixture of acetates was then

• benzyl ether protecting group in O-2 position [42]. By varying the reaction conditions during the acetylation step, the authors were able to reduce the formation of furanoses but complete suppression was not achieved. Therefore, our strategy was to block the hydroxy group in position 4 and, thus, to

• cleavage and in situ acetylation resulted in the pyranose mixture 9αβ with excellent yield (90%, 9α/9β = 4:1) and prevention of unwanted furanoside side products. The seleno moiety was then introduced as described before and 13αβ (13α/13β = 1:3) was obtained in 78% yield. Further Lewis acid catalyzed

Useful access to enantiomerically pure protected inositols from carbohydrates: the aldohexos-5-uloses route

• Felicia D’Andrea,
• Giorgio Catelani,
• Lorenzo Guazzelli and
• Venerando Pistarà

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2343–2350, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.227

• good agreement with what has been reported before on similar compounds [45]. The structure and stereochemistry of inositols 13–19 were confirmed by 1H, 13C and 2D NMR experiments directly or after per-acetylation of the reduction product and/or through comparison with previously reported compounds

Tunable microwave-assisted method for the solvent-free and catalyst-free peracetylation of natural products

• Manuela Oliverio,
• Paola Costanzo,
• Monica Nardi,
• Carla Calandruccio,
• Raffaele Salerno and
• Antonio Procopio

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2222–2233, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.214

• green acetylation of hydrophilic biological molecules, potentially easily scalable for industrial applications, including pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industry. Keywords: catalyst-free; microwaves; peracetylation; polyhydroxylated compounds; solvent-free; Introduction Peracetylation of alcohols

• hydroxy groups are unstable in neutral, slight alkaline or oxidative environments [4]. Furthermore, acetylation is a chemical modification well accepted in a biological environment, being the N-acetylation, N,O-acyl transfer and the deacetylation some of the metabolic processes mediated by cytosolic and

• heterogeneous or supported catalysts [15][16][17], solid nanopowders or nanoparticles [18][19], non-metal-based heterogeneous acetylation catalysts [20][21][22], as well as natural marine clays instead of homogeneous catalysts as reaction activators [23]. Even if these methods allow a complete peracetylation of

Solvent-free synthesis of novel para-menthane-3,8-diol ester derivatives from citronellal using a polymer-supported scandium triflate catalyst

• Lubabalo Mafu,
• Ben Zeelie and
• Paul Watts

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2016, 12, 2046–2054, doi:10.3762/bjoc.12.193

• complex reaction mixtures. When considering the diester selectivity (Figure 2), a rapid acetylation of the secondary hydroxy group is evident at short reaction times and lower reaction temperatures between 50 and 60 °C [12]. Further increase in the reaction time leads to the acetylation of the less

• an acetylation reaction with 2:1 molar ratio, the reaction affords the same results as when excess anhydride 5 is used. Moreover, the minimum use of the acetylating reagent helps to reduce the formation of carboxylic acid as the by-product. As a consequence, a more cost-effective and environmentally