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Search for "polymer" in Full Text gives 618 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry. Showing first 200.

Advances in nitrogen-containing helicenes: synthesis, chiroptical properties, and optoelectronic applications

  • Meng Qiu,
  • Jing Du,
  • Nai-Te Yao,
  • Xin-Yue Wang and
  • Han-Yuan Gong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1422–1453, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.106

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  • thia-bridged triarylamine[4]helicene-functionalized polynorbornenes 63a–c via ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP), introducing helicene chirality into polymer backbones with tunable electrochromic behavior [78]. These polymers exhibit reversible pH-responsive color changes. For instance, 63a
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Published 11 Jul 2025

Recent advances in amidyl radical-mediated photocatalytic direct intermolecular hydrogen atom transfer

  • Hao-Sen Wang,
  • Lin Li,
  • Xin Chen,
  • Jian-Li Wu,
  • Kai Sun,
  • Xiao-Lan Chen,
  • Ling-Bo Qu and
  • Bing Yu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1306–1323, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.100

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  • range of functionalized polyolefins, showcasing the applicability of this xanthylated polyolefin in various reactions, including trifluoromethylthiolation, polymer grafting, Michael addition, and epoxide opening. Amidyl radical from N–X bond cleavage Direct halogenation of C–H bonds is of significant
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Published 27 Jun 2025

Recent advances and future challenges in the bottom-up synthesis of azulene-embedded nanographenes

  • Bartłomiej Pigulski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1272–1305, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.99

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  • , new OFET-based acid vapor sensors were developed from 150 by synergistically utilizing its charge transport and protonation−deprotonation properties. The solution-phase synthesis of a non-benzenoid nanoribbon from an azulene-containing polymer via alkyne benzannulation was reported by Morin and co
  • -workers (Scheme 20) [98]. The starting polymer 152 was synthesized using Suzuki cross coupling and is regiorandom, meaning the orientation of the azulene units within the main chain is not defined. Polymer 152 was annulated using MsOH (methanesulfonic acid) yielding the non-alternant graphene nanoribbon
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Published 26 Jun 2025

Selective monoformylation of naphthalene-fused propellanes for methylene-alternating copolymers

  • Kenichi Kato,
  • Tatsuki Hiroi,
  • Seina Okada,
  • Shunsuke Ohtani and
  • Tomoki Ogoshi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1183–1191, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.95

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  • , each product was separated into oligomer and linear polymer by preparative GPC using CHCl3 as eluent. According to analytical GPC in THF (Figures S501–504 in Supporting Information File 1), oligomer fractions were mainly composed of tetramer for [3.3.3]_oligo and dimer and trimer for [4.3.3]_oligo
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Published 18 Jun 2025

Gold extraction at the molecular level using α- and β-cyclodextrins

  • Susana Santos Braga

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1116–1125, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.89

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  • sections of this review. The combination of interactions linking cyclodextrin channels with infinite polymer chains of tetrahaloaurate ions and their counterions affords a highly specific and stable superstructure that is the working pillar for the efficient and selective process of gold recovery from
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Published 06 Jun 2025

Supramolecular assembly of hypervalent iodine macrocycles and alkali metals

  • Krishna Pandey,
  • Lucas X. Orton,
  • Grayson Venus,
  • Waseem A. Hussain,
  • Toby Woods,
  • Lichang Wang and
  • Kyle N. Plunkett

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1095–1103, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.87

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  • pattern of assembly between HIM and metal cation in 2:1 ratio. While association with sodium leads to a polymer-like network, the lithium crystal structure was limited to dimeric assemblies of HIM. In the lithium-coordinating complex, the oxygen–lithium–oxygen bond angle is approximately 98.83
  • 2.548 Å while the O12–Na is 2.323 Å. The average difference in bond lengths between Li+ and Na+ is ≈0.5 Å. Unlike the Li+ complex, the Na+ complex grows into a polymer-like network. While the overall structure forms a polymer, the molecular repeating unit consists of two HIM 1 for every NaBArF24. Though
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Published 30 May 2025

Recent advances in synthetic approaches for bioactive cinnamic acid derivatives

  • Betty A. Kustiana,
  • Galuh Widiyarti and
  • Teni Ernawati

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1031–1086, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.85

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Published 28 May 2025

On the photoluminescence in triarylmethyl-centered mono-, di-, and multiradicals

  • Daniel Straub,
  • Markus Gross,
  • Mona E. Arnold,
  • Julia Zolg and
  • Alexander J. C. Kuehne

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 964–998, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.80

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Published 21 May 2025

Carbon-rich materials: from polyaromatic molecules to fullerenes and other carbon allotropes

  • Hiroko Yamada and
  • Yoko Yamakoshi

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 798–799, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.62

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  • chemistry, computational chemistry, physics, electrochemistry, polymer chemistry, supramolecular chemistry, and biochemistry. All are working on fascinating topics associated with these exciting molecules. Furthermore, the authors come from all over the world, not only from Switzerland and Japan but also
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Published 17 Apr 2025

New advances in asymmetric organocatalysis II

  • Radovan Šebesta

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 766–769, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.60

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  • from a brief Web of Science analysis of the 6,700 articles, published within the past 25 years, retrieved through a search of the keywords “asymmetric organocatalysis”. Organocatalysis is now part of various areas of chemistry, spanning as far as polymer, materials, as well as green and sustainable
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Published 15 Apr 2025

Photocatalyzed elaboration of antibody-based bioconjugates

  • Marine Le Stum,
  • Eugénie Romero and
  • Gary A. Molander

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 616–629, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.49

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  • decision-making [6][7]. Antibody–oligonucleotide conjugates, antibody–enzyme conjugates, antibody–polymer conjugates, antibody–nanomaterial conjugates, antibody–catalyst conjugates, and antibodies involved in protein degradation also play critical roles in biomedical research and therapies [2]. In whatever
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Published 18 Mar 2025

Red light excitation: illuminating photocatalysis in a new spectrum

  • Lucas Fortier,
  • Corentin Lefebvre and
  • Norbert Hoffmann

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 296–326, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.22

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  • penetrate all the used materials and can initiate the reaction through the core of the reaction medium as the polymer forms, unlike blue light. This penetrating power of red light was also characterized by comparing the ruthenium complex [Ru(bpy)3]2+ absorbing at 450 nm with the osmium complex [Os(tpy)2]2
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Published 07 Feb 2025

Synthesis of disulfides and 3-sulfenylchromones from sodium sulfinates catalyzed by TBAI

  • Zhenlei Zhang,
  • Ying Wang,
  • Xingxing Pan,
  • Manqi Zhang,
  • Wei Zhao,
  • Meng Li and
  • Hao Zhang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 253–261, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.17

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  • groups in organic synthesis [1][2][3][4]. In chemistry and biology, disulfide bonds play crucial roles in protein folding and stabilization [5][6][7][8] and in the rubber industry, they are used to link different polymer chains [9][10]. The disulfide bond backbone is commonly used as a linker for
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Published 03 Feb 2025

Hydrogen-bonded macrocycle-mediated dimerization for orthogonal supramolecular polymerization

  • Wentao Yu,
  • Zhiyao Yang,
  • Chengkan Yu,
  • Xiaowei Li and
  • Lihua Yuan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 179–188, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.10

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  • materials. Keywords: hydrogen-bonded macrocycle; orthogonal self-assembly; shape-persistent; supramolecular polymer; Introduction Host–guest interactions, particularly those involving macrocycles as hosts [1], have found a myriad of applications in supramolecular chemistry [2][3][4] owing to their ability
  • molecular weight on the solution concentration. Further, a change in solution viscosity would reflect a change in molecular weight during the polymerization process. Thus, the specific viscosity of the linear supramolecular polymer (Scheme 1c) in CHCl3/CH3CN (1:1, v/v) was determined at 298 K (Figure 7
  • supramolecular polymer in CHCl3/CH3CN (1:1, v/v, 298 K) at variable concentration. Variable-concentration 1H NMR spectra of the supramolecular polymer: (a) 2.0 mM, (b) 4.0 mM, (c) 6.0 mM, (d) 8.0 mM, and (e) 10 mM. a) Chemical structures of H-bonded macrocycles H1, H2, and guest G1, and schematic representation
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Published 17 Jan 2025

Hot shape transformation: the role of PSar dehydration in stomatocyte morphogenesis

  • Remi Peters,
  • Levy A. Charleston,
  • Karinan van Eck,
  • Teun van Berlo and
  • Daniela A. Wilson

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 47–54, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.5

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  • the PSar-PBLG that was used for all the following systems, it was found that a polymer with a length of 50 units sarcosine and 40 units benzyl glutamate would be able to form vesicles between 300–700 nm (Supporting Information File 1, Figure S22). The synthesis of PSar-PBLG (Scheme 1) involved anionic
  • ring-opening polymerization of N-carboxyanhydrides (NCAs), following a protocol adapted from Tian et al. [28]. High-purity monomers were obtained using this method, ensuring the subsequentially polymer synthesis proceeded with minimal impurities. Sequential polymerization commenced with poly(benzyl
  • glutamate) (PBLG) as the hydrophobic block, which was done to prevent ending on a primary amine in the final product which could disrupt self-assembly due to its ionizable nature. Subsequently, PBLG served as a macroinitiator for the polymerization of sarcosine NCA, yielding the final polymer with high
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Published 08 Jan 2025

Emerging trends in the optimization of organic synthesis through high-throughput tools and machine learning

  • Pablo Quijano Velasco,
  • Kedar Hippalgaonkar and
  • Balamurugan Ramalingam

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 10–38, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.3

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  • reactors; data processing; high-throughput experimentation; machine learning; reaction optimization; Introduction Organic synthesis plays a crucial role in drug discovery, polymer synthesis, materials science, agrochemicals, and specialty chemicals. Their synthesis and process optimization require
  • . In addition to organic synthesis, the slug flow methodology has found application in polymer synthesis. A flow platform capable of polymerizing 397 unique copolymer compositions was developed by Reis et al. [51] using a droplet flow reactor. The methodology and high-fidelity data enabled them to
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Published 06 Jan 2025
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  • Yosuke Akae Institute for Chemical Technology and Polymer Chemistry (ITCP), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), 76131 Karlsruhe, Germany Faculty of Textile Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 386-8567 Nagano, Japan Research Fellow of Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 102
  • synthesis procedure to produce an actual material with masses of ≥100 g, as 100 mg of the product is insufficient. Notably, the scalable synthesis of rotaxane-based polymer materials inevitably introduces structural ambiguity when aiming to reduce the synthetic cost, and this complicates the possibility of
  • typical ring molecules [31][32][33][34][35]. Meanwhile, the studies on CD-based rotaxane are generally divided into two aspects: (1) the construction of a complicated small-molecule framework and the evaluation of its properties, and (2) the development of a polymer material (e.g., polyrotaxane) with a
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Published 19 Nov 2024

Advances in radical peroxidation with hydroperoxides

  • Oleg V. Bityukov,
  • Pavel Yu. Serdyuchenko,
  • Andrey S. Kirillov,
  • Gennady I. Nikishin,
  • Vera A. Vil’ and
  • Alexander O. Terent’ev

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2959–3006, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.249

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  • become sought-after functionalities, particularly following the multi-tone consumption in polymer production and success in medicinal chemistry. The selective introduction of a peroxide fragment at different positions on the target molecule is a priority in the modern reaction design. The pioneering
  • growing urbanization, expanding infrastructure projects and industrialization. A wide range of organic peroxide initiators is now available (Scheme 1) and this is continually being expanded to meet the changing requirements of the polymer industry. Discovery of artemisinin, which was highlighted with the
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Published 18 Nov 2024

4,6-Diaryl-5,5-difluoro-1,3-dioxanes as chiral dopants for liquid crystal compositions

  • Maurice Médebielle,
  • Peer Kirsch,
  • Jérémy Merad,
  • Carolina von Essen,
  • Clemens Kühn and
  • Andreas Ruhl

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2940–2945, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.246

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  • of double twist cylinders [10][11]. A prototype of a polymer-stabilized Blue Phase LCD with ultra-fast switching times has been presented in 2008 by Samsung [12]. Another class of materials including high HTP chiral dopants are cholesteric films prepared by the polymerization of reactive mesogens
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Published 14 Nov 2024

Photoluminescence color-tuning with polymer-dispersed fluorescent films containing two fluorinated diphenylacetylene-type fluorophores

  • Kazuki Kobayashi,
  • Shigeyuki Yamada,
  • Motohiro Yasui and
  • Tsutomu Konno

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2682–2690, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.225

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  • and effective luminescence color-tuning method is proposed to investigate the photoluminescence behavior of two-component polymer dispersion films blended with two types of fluorinated diphenylacetylenes, namely blue- and yellow- or red-fluorescent fluorinated diphenylacetylenes. It is confirmed that
  • white-light-emitting materials. Keywords: energy transfer; fluorinated diphenylacetylenes; photoluminescence; polymer-dispersed films; white luminescence; Introduction Luminescent materials in lighting and display devices have become indispensable in daily life [1][2][3]. In recent years, organic
  • fluorescence or phosphorescence from different luminescent centers in the polymer matrix should be combined, and the PL color can be precisely tuned by controlling the ratio of the PL luminescent materials [27][28][29]. In this study, we prepared polymer dispersion fluorescent films containing two compounds
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Published 23 Oct 2024

Applications of microscopy and small angle scattering techniques for the characterisation of supramolecular gels

  • Connor R. M. MacDonald and
  • Emily R. Draper

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2608–2634, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.220

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Published 16 Oct 2024

Improved deconvolution of natural products’ protein targets using diagnostic ions from chemical proteomics linkers

  • Andreas Wiest and
  • Pavel Kielkowski

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2323–2341, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.199

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  • large tag, which significantly changes the molecular weight of the given protein. The shift on the gel can be then visualized by protein-specific antibody or coomassie staining. The linkers applied to perform the gel shift assay contain a linear PEG polymer with an approximate size ranging from one to
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Published 12 Sep 2024

Cell-free protein synthesis with technical additives – expanding the parameter space of in vitro gene expression

  • Tabea Bartsch,
  • Stephan Lütz and
  • Katrin Rosenthal

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2242–2253, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.192

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  • macromolecules. PEG, a water-soluble macromolecular polymer, is a commonly used crowding agent to mimic the cellular environment in vitro [25]. Interestingly, it has been observed that different proteins have different PEG-8000 concentration optima [27]. The standard composition of the in-house CFPS system
  • the impact of the polymer itself is greater than that of the increased viscosity. A positive effect on the stability and activity of the model enzyme β-ᴅ-glucuronidase by the addition of carboxymethylcellulose has already been reported [49]. However, the effects and states of molecular crowding in the
  • cell are much more complex than what can be mimicked by the sole addition of a polymer. The diffusion of macromolecules depends on the perceived viscosity in the cell, which is inhomogeneous and depends on the location in the cell and its growth phase [50][51]. Comparing the salt concentrations, the
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Published 04 Sep 2024

Metal-free double azide addition to strained alkynes of an octadehydrodibenzo[12]annulene derivative with electron-withdrawing substituents

  • Naoki Takeda,
  • Shuichi Akasaka,
  • Susumu Kawauchi and
  • Tsuyoshi Michinobu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2234–2241, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.191

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  • , the double azide addition reaction was applied to polymer crosslinking and the mechanical properties of the self-standing polymer films were compared. Results and Discussion Strain-promoted azide–alkyne cycloaddition Octadehydrodibenzo[12]annulene (DBA) with electron-withdrawing carbonyl substituents
  • -standing film became insoluble due to the occurrence of strain-promoted double azide–alkyne cycloaddition (Figure 6a). The mechanical properties of the polymer films were then examined to observe the impact of crosslinking. A PVC-N3 film was prepared by a solvent-cast method on a Teflon boat. The strain
  • metal-free click reaction was employed to crosslink a partially azidated poly(vinyl chloride). The crosslinking proceeded by simply mixing the polymer and crosslinker in THF and evaporating, and the formation of the crosslinked polymer film was confirmed by the strain–stress curves. The developed method
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Published 04 Sep 2024

Factors influencing the performance of organocatalysts immobilised on solid supports: A review

  • Zsuzsanna Fehér,
  • Dóra Richter,
  • Gyula Dargó and
  • József Kupai

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2129–2142, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.183

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  • performance is crucial to the development of high performance immobilised organocatalysts. Review Characteristics of the solid support Considering the support type, organic polymer-supported, silica-supported [20][21][22][23][24][25], glass beads [26] and magnetic nanoparticle-supported [27][28][29][30][31
  • ][32] organocatalysts are pivotal in the field of immobilised organocatalysts. Polymer-supported organocatalysts are commonly immobilised on polystyrene (PS) [28][33][34][35][36][37][38], as well as on other materials such as nylon 6,6 [15], chitosan [39][40], and polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHS) [41
  • ]. The role of the polymers as supports for catalysts is not merely passive. These supports significantly influence the reaction environment and catalytic efficiency [42]. Attachment methods, spacer lengths, and polymer nature profoundly impact the catalyst's performance and recyclability. Various
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Published 26 Aug 2024
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