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Search for "responsive" in Full Text gives 147 result(s) in Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry.

Advances in nitrogen-containing helicenes: synthesis, chiroptical properties, and optoelectronic applications

  • Meng Qiu,
  • Jing Du,
  • Nai-Te Yao,
  • Xin-Yue Wang and
  • Han-Yuan Gong

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 1422–1453, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.106

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  • fluorescence (TADF), and chiral sensing. Notably, recent developments have yielded π-extended, structurally robust, and stimuli-responsive azahelicenes exhibiting record-high dissymmetry factors (|gabs| and |glum|), elevated CPL brightness (BCPL), and efficient integration into CPL-OLEDs and redox-switchable
  • 6 exhibiting enhanced chiroptical performance and protonation-induced CPL amplification [19]. Meanwhile, Audisio’s team developed heterohelicenes via regioselective [3 + 2]-cycloadditions, with compound 7 displaying pH-responsive CPL sign inversion (|glum| = +1.1 × 10−3 at 430 nm, −1.2 × 10−3 at 585
  • with Ru(II) to form NIR-emissive complexes that exhibit redox-responsive chiroptical switching, notably with complex 8 showing reversible electronic circular dichroism (ECD) upon oxidation [21]. Liao and co-workers introduced a narrowband CP-TADF emitter 9, characterized by a narrow emission bandwidth
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Published 11 Jul 2025

Recent advances in controllable/divergent synthesis

  • Jilei Cao,
  • Leiyang Bai and
  • Xuefeng Jiang

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 890–914, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.73

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  • or stimulus-responsive approaches, this paradigm capitalizes on the chronoselective evolution of reactive species to unlock sequence-controlled transformations. In 2020, the You group reported a reaction-time-dependent enantiodivergent synthesis method. Under the same chiral catalytic system, they
  • reaction pathways, selectivity, and catalytic efficiency. By exploiting dynamic acid–base equilibria or stimuli-responsive systems, chemists can manipulate substrate activation, stabilize reactive intermediates, and orchestrate complex multistep transformations under mild conditions [47]. In 2016, Lu's
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Published 07 May 2025

Substituent effects in N-acetylated phenylazopyrazole photoswitches

  • Radek Tovtik,
  • Dennis Marzin,
  • Pia Weigel,
  • Stefano Crespi and
  • Nadja A. Simeth

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 830–838, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.66

Graphical Abstract
  • reported to either bathochromically shift the UV–vis absorption spectrum or lead to a better separation of the n→π* bands of the two photoisomers and allow for visible-light-responsive switches [23][24][25][26]. In recent years, heteroaryl azobenzene derivatives have revealed superior properties to
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Published 25 Apr 2025

Acyclic cucurbit[n]uril bearing alkyl sulfate ionic groups

  • Christian Akakpo,
  • Peter Y. Zavalij and
  • Lyle Isaacs

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 717–726, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.55

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  • ][22][23][24][25][26]. Within these families of macrocyclic hosts, CB[n] molecular containers have proven particularly versatile because they form high affinity CB[n]–guest complexes in aqueous solution that are responsive to various stimuli (e.g., photochemical, electrochemical, chemical) [27][28][29
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Published 03 Apr 2025

Hydrogen-bonded macrocycle-mediated dimerization for orthogonal supramolecular polymerization

  • Wentao Yu,
  • Zhiyao Yang,
  • Chengkan Yu,
  • Xiaowei Li and
  • Lihua Yuan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2025, 21, 179–188, doi:10.3762/bjoc.21.10

Graphical Abstract
  • promising potential for designing stimuli-responsive and smart polymers in the future. ESIMS spectrum of an equimolar mixture of G1 and H1 in CHCl3/CH3CN (1:1, v/v), including calculated (blue) and experimental (red) isotopic distribution for [H12 + G12 − 2PF6−]2+. Calculated and found m/z = 2444.3373 and
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Published 17 Jan 2025
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  • -0083 Tokyo, Japan 10.3762/bjoc.20.252 Abstract Owing to their dynamic natures, rotaxane-based polymers are attractive motifs for developing stimuli-responsive materials. However, the accurate control of the rotaxane structure, which can be achieved via multistep synthesis, is key to utilizing the
  • . Keywords: cyclodextrin; defined structure; precise synthesis; rotaxanes; stimuli-responsive material; Introduction Stimuli-responsive materials can satisfy the existing high demands on such materials owing to their multiple functionalities (e.g., for effective energy storage or as decomposables under mild
  • ][15]. A variety of unique rotaxane-based architectures (e.g., mechano-responsive material, polymers exhibiting pump-like motion, and biomimetic sequential reactors) exhibiting conventionally unaddressed unique properties have been developed based on modern synthetic chemistry [16][17][18][19][20][21
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Published 19 Nov 2024

Applications of microscopy and small angle scattering techniques for the characterisation of supramolecular gels

  • Connor R. M. MacDonald and
  • Emily R. Draper

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2608–2634, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.220

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  • , sensing, optoelectronics, photo-responsive actuators, and healable materials, and a range of biomedical applications among many others [6][7][8][9]. To better understand and guide the development of these chemical systems, robust characterisation techniques and protocols are required. These materials
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Published 16 Oct 2024

Synthesis and reactivity of the di(9-anthryl)methyl radical

  • Tomohiko Nishiuchi,
  • Kazuma Takahashi,
  • Yuta Makihara and
  • Takashi Kubo

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2254–2260, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.193

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  • state yields the monomer radical [16][17][18]. Therefore, aromatic hydrocarbon radicals with Ant units possess both stability and reactivity depending on the conditions, giving them high potential for use as reactive catalysts [22][23] and stimuli-responsive sensors [24][25]. To further investigate this
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Published 05 Sep 2024

Understanding X-ray-induced isomerisation in photoswitchable surfactant assemblies

  • Beatrice E. Jones,
  • Camille Blayo,
  • Jake L. Greenfield,
  • Matthew J. Fuchter,
  • Nathan Cowieson and
  • Rachel C. Evans

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 2005–2015, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.176

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  • Chemie, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074 Würzburg, Germany 10.3762/bjoc.20.176 Abstract Dynamic, responsive materials can be built using photosurfactants (PS) that self-assemble into ordered nanostructures, such as micelles or liquid crystals. These PS contain photoswitchable groups, such as
  • spatiotemporal control. To build responsive materials, surfactants are particularly attractive due to their ability to self-assemble into different morphologies depending on their molecular structure and chemical environment. To that end, photoswitchable chromophores can be incorporated into amphiphilic
  • , depending on the X-ray energy available from laboratory or synchrotron sources. Moreover, this effect may have significant consequences when measuring any light-responsive materials using X-rays, from self-assembled PS systems (using SAXS) to crystalline or powder samples (using X-ray diffraction) [28][29
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Published 14 Aug 2024

Supramolecular assemblies of amphiphilic donor–acceptor Stenhouse adducts as macroscopic soft scaffolds

  • Ka-Lung Hung,
  • Leong-Hung Cheung,
  • Yikun Ren,
  • Ming-Hin Chau,
  • Yan-Yi Lam,
  • Takashi Kajitani and
  • Franco King-Chi Leung

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1590–1603, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.142

Graphical Abstract
  • ][40]. Photoresponsive supramolecular amphiphiles are responsive, complex, and adaptable in aqueous medium [41][42][43]. Supramolecular assemblies of photoresponsive molecular amphiphiles in aqueous medium can undergo transformation in solution or at the air–water interface and even sustained
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Published 15 Jul 2024

Photoswitchable glycoligands targeting Pseudomonas aeruginosa LecA

  • Yu Fan,
  • Ahmed El Rhaz,
  • Stéphane Maisonneuve,
  • Emilie Gillon,
  • Maha Fatthalla,
  • Franck Le Bideau,
  • Guillaume Laurent,
  • Samir Messaoudi,
  • Anne Imberty and
  • Juan Xie

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 1486–1496, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.132

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  • deactivation of biological function. It also offers the potential to change the properties of defined molecules in biological systems with minimal disturbance to the rest of the system. Photoswitchable ligands, i.e., the incorporation of light-responsive moieties into a drug-like molecular structure, allow
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Published 03 Jul 2024

Research progress on the pharmacological activity, biosynthetic pathways, and biosynthesis of crocins

  • Zhongwei Hua,
  • Nan Liu and
  • Xiaohui Yan

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 741–752, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.68

Graphical Abstract
  • et al. used CRISPR-Cas9 to create a temperature-responsive strain of S. cerevisiae for crocetin (1) production. By increasing the copy number of CCD2 and ALDH, the conversion of zeaxanthin (7) was increased by 77% [108]. Wang et al. screened the ALD genes from C. sativus and Neurospora crassa and
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Published 09 Apr 2024

New variochelins from soil-isolated Variovorax sp. H002

  • Jabal Rahmat Haedar,
  • Aya Yoshimura and
  • Toshiyuki Wakimoto

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 692–700, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.63

Graphical Abstract
  • accessible for the cell [2][3]. In addition to the siderophores forming the stable Fe(III) complexes described above, certain siderophores create Fe(III) complexes with the ability to release Fe(II) ions in a light-responsive manner within the extracellular environment. The released Fe(II) ions in the ocean
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Published 02 Apr 2024

Switchable molecular tweezers: design and applications

  • Pablo Msellem,
  • Maksym Dekthiarenko,
  • Nihal Hadj Seyd and
  • Guillaume Vives

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 504–539, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.45

Graphical Abstract
  • first part will be devoted to chemically responsive tweezers, including stimuli such as pH, metal coordination, and anion binding. Then, redox-active and photochemical tweezers will be presented. Keywords: coordination; molecular recognition; molecular switches; photoswitch; redox; supramolecular
  • , and molecular machines. In particular, the advent of artificial molecular machines [13][14], consisting of an assembly of molecular components that perform mechanical-like motions in response to specific stimuli, has inspired the development of stimuli-responsive molecular tweezers, which have
  • , the incorporation of responsive functionalities into molecular tweezers not only provides significant benefits in catalysis for the development of switchable catalysts but also extends their utility to molecular magnetism, where magnetic switches exploit mechanical motion, and to molecular electronics
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Published 01 Mar 2024

Synthesis of π-conjugated polycyclic compounds by late-stage extrusion of chalcogen fragments

  • Aissam Okba,
  • Pablo Simón Marqués,
  • Kyohei Matsuo,
  • Naoki Aratani,
  • Hiroko Yamada,
  • Gwénaël Rapenne and
  • Claire Kammerer

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 287–305, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.30

Graphical Abstract
  • , and the dinaphthothiepine S-oxides bearing long alkyl chains are thus very promising soluble precursors to afford n-type semiconducting layers by in situ SO-extrusion. As part of their work dedicated to mechanically-responsive materials controlled by an electrochemical stimulus, Song and Swager
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Published 15 Feb 2024

Photochromic derivatives of indigo: historical overview of development, challenges and applications

  • Gökhan Kaplan,
  • Zeynel Seferoğlu and
  • Daria V. Berdnikova

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 228–242, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.23

Graphical Abstract
  • new level of complexity and promise. The photochromic indigos represent a relatively rare type of visible-light-responsive T-type photoswitches demonstrating negative photochromism. The absorption of the photoswitchable indigos covers the spectral range from green to NIR light (≈550–700 nm) making
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Published 07 Feb 2024

Facile access to pyridinium-based bent aromatic amphiphiles: nonionic surface modification of nanocarbons in water

  • Lorenzo Catti,
  • Shinji Aoyama and
  • Michito Yoshizawa

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2024, 20, 32–40, doi:10.3762/bjoc.20.5

Graphical Abstract
  • , and graphene nanoplatelets) are achieved through noncovalent encircling with the bent amphiphiles. The resultant imidazole-modified nanocarbons display a pH-responsive surface charge, as evidenced by NMR and zeta-potential measurements. In addition, solubilization of a nitrogen-doped nanocarbon (i.e
  • pyridinium-based amphiphiles (Figure 1c). The noncovalent modification of C60 with multiple imidazole side-chains is found to yield a pH-responsive surface charge, as evidenced by NMR and zeta-potential measurements. A nitrogen-doped nanocarbon, i.e., graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4), is likewise
  • protons upon addition of HCl (40 equiv based on PA-Im; Figure 5a,b). These properties enabled a pH-responsive surface charge of its host–guest composite (Table 2). Accordingly, (PA-Im)n·(C60)m displayed a ZP of 60.3 mV at pH 2.8 contrary to 52.8 mV at pH 6.8 (ΔZP = +7.5 mV) [26]. Control experiments using
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Published 08 Jan 2024

Effects of the aldehyde-derived ring substituent on the properties of two new bioinspired trimethoxybenzoylhydrazones: methyl vs nitro groups

  • Dayanne Martins,
  • Roberta Lamosa,
  • Talis Uelisson da Silva,
  • Carolina B. P. Ligiero,
  • Sérgio de Paula Machado,
  • Daphne S. Cukierman and
  • Nicolás A. Rey

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 1713–1727, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.125

Graphical Abstract
  • ability to undergo E/Z isomerization in a stimuli-responsive imine bond is what makes this class useful for applications in the field of molecular electronics, as switchers [5][6]. In addition, these compounds can also adopt syn- or antiperiplanar conformations, due to the constriction of the rotation
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Published 10 Nov 2023
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  • hydroquinine-based supported catalyst H1 which efficiently promoted five catalytic cycles without loss of its activity. N-Alkyl-substituted ketimines 49 with different functionalities in the benzene ring were well responsive towards the heterogenous reaction to afford the products 61 with moderate to excellent
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Published 28 Jun 2023

Light-responsive rotaxane-based materials: inducing motion in the solid state

  • Adrian Saura-Sanmartin

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 873–880, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.64

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  • Adrian Saura-Sanmartin Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Universidad de Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain 10.3762/bjoc.19.64 Abstract Light-responsive rotaxane-based solid-state materials are ideal scaffolds in order to develop smart materials due to the properties provided by the
  • -responsive materials; mechanical bond; mechanically interlocked materials; rotaxanes; Introduction Light turns out to be a suitable and tailorable stimulus in order to develop materials showing improved functionalities, such as those of smart materials [1][2][3][4][5]. The characteristics of light which
  • molecular materials, the development of a wide variety of suitable compounds is essential. The use of stimuli-responsive molecules has paved the way for the preparation of advanced functional materials [6][7][8][9][10]. In this scenario, mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) have postulated as ideal
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Published 14 Jun 2023

pH-Responsive fluorescent supramolecular nanoparticles based on tetraphenylethylene-labelled chitosan and a six-fold carboxylated tribenzotriquinacene

  • Nan Yang,
  • Yi-Yan Zhu,
  • Wei-Xiu Lin,
  • Yi-Long Lu and
  • Wen-Rong Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2023, 19, 635–645, doi:10.3762/bjoc.19.45

Graphical Abstract
  • in the presence of TBTQ-C6 was greatly improved. In addition, the fluorescence of CS-TPE was significantly enhanced by introducing TBTQ-C6, and remained relatively stable with variations in pH for both CS-TPE and TBTQ-C6/CS-TPE. Such pH-responsive supramolecular spherical nanoparticles with stable
  • fluorescence emission based on CS-TPE or TBTQ-C6/CS-TPE may find applications in various fields, including the development of visual oral drug delivery systems. Keywords: chitosan; nanoparticle; tetraphenylethylene; tribenzotriquinacene; Introduction Stimuli-responsive assemblies in aqueous media have drawn
  • stimuli, pH response is of particular interest in the construction of supramolecular systems for intelligent drug delivery because of the presence of pH gradients in the microenvironment of organs, tissues, and cell organelles [5]. In the past years, pH-responsive and other stimuli-responsive
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Published 08 May 2023

Comparison of crystal structure and DFT calculations of triferrocenyl trithiophosphite’s conformance

  • Ruslan P. Shekurov,
  • Mikhail N. Khrizanforov,
  • Ilya A. Bezkishko,
  • Tatiana P. Gerasimova,
  • Almaz A. Zagidullin,
  • Daut R. Islamov and
  • Vasili A. Miluykov

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1499–1504, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.157

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  • ; Introduction The design of novel “stimuli-responsive” molecules is a very attractive area in modern chemistry due to a number of various practical applications of such compounds [1][2][3][4][5][6]. Multiferrocenes are of particular fundamental interest because of their multistep electrochemical and magnetic
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Published 25 Oct 2022

Polymer and small molecule mechanochemistry: closer than ever

  • José G. Hernández

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 1225–1235, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.128

Graphical Abstract
  • , force-sensitive molecular mechanophores are now complemented by organometallic-based force-responsive mechanophores that are not purely organic molecular fragments [16][17][18]. In fact, the concept of a mechanophore is now broader and may include any force-reactive functional unit, whether it possesses
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Published 14 Sep 2022

Synthesis of a new water-soluble hexacarboxylated tribenzotriquinacene derivative and its competitive host–guest interaction for drug delivery

  • Man-Ping Li,
  • Nan Yang and
  • Wen-Rong Xu

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2022, 18, 539–548, doi:10.3762/bjoc.18.56

Graphical Abstract
  • -containing amphiphile (trans-AZO) to produce the TBTQ-C6-trans-AZO supra-amphiphile by host–guest interactions in water. The supra-amphiphile was further self-assembled into photo and pH dual-responsive supramolecular vesicles that have a potential to serve as drug nanocarriers to enable controlled drug
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Published 12 May 2022

A photochemical C=C cleavage process: toward access to backbone N-formyl peptides

  • Haopei Wang and
  • Zachary T. Ball

Beilstein J. Org. Chem. 2021, 17, 2932–2938, doi:10.3762/bjoc.17.202

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  • Haopei Wang Zachary T. Ball Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston TX, USA 10.3762/bjoc.17.202 Abstract Photo-responsive modifications and photo-uncaging concepts are useful for spatiotemporal control of peptides structure and function. While side chain photo-responsive modifications
  • are relatively common, access to photo-responsive modifications of backbone N–H bonds is quite limited. This letter describes a new photocleavage pathway, affording N-formyl amides from vinylogous nitroaryl precursors under physiologically relevant conditions via a formal oxidative C=C cleavage. The N
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Published 15 Dec 2021
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